Dr Oliver
Dr Oliver Mathematics
Mathematics
Further Mathematics
First Order Differential Equations
Past Examination Questions
This booklet consists of 34 questions across a variety of examination topics.
Dr Oliver
The total number of marks available is 312.
1. (a) Find the general solution of the differential equation (8)
Mathematicsdy
` y tan x “ cos3 x,
dx
expressing y in terms of x.
(b) Find the particular solution for which y “ 2 when x “ π. (2)
Dr Oliver
2. (a) Use the substitution z “ x ` y to show that the differential equation (3)
Mathematics
dy
dx
“
x`y`3
x`y´1
p:q
may be written in the form
dz 2pz ` 1q
“ .
dx z´1
Dr Oliver
(b) Hence find the general solution of the differential equation p:q. (4)
3. (a) Show that
Mathematics c
1`x
(2)
1´x
is an integrating factor for the differential equation
dy y ?
Dr Oliver
`
dx 1 ´ x2
“ 1 ´ x, |x| ă 1.
Mathematics
(b) Hence find the solution of the differential equation for which y “ 2 when x “ 0.
Give your answer in the form y “ fpxq.
(6)
4. (a) Use the substitution y “ xz to find the general solution of the differential equation (6)
dy ´y¯
x ´ y “ x cos .
Dr Oliver dx x
(b) Find the solution of the differential equation for which y “ π when x “ 4. (2)
Mathematics
Dr Oliver
5. The substitution y “ uk , where k is an integer, is used to solve the differential equation
Mathematics
x
dy
dx
` 3y “ x2 y 2 p:q
by changing it into an equation p;q in the variables u and x.
(a) Show that equation p;q may be written in the form (4)
Dr Oliver du 3u
`
dx kx
1
“ xuk`1 .
k
solve equation p;q.
Mathematics
(b) Write down the value of k for which the integrating factor method may be used to (1)
(c) Using this value of k, solve equation p;q and hence find the general solution of (4)
equation p:q, giving your answer in the form y “ fpxq.
Dr Oliver
6. The variables x and y are related by the differential equation
dy 2x2 ` y 2
.
Mathematics
dx
“
xy
p:q
(a) Use the substitution y “ ux, where u is a function of x to transform the differential (3)
equation p:q into
du 2
x “ .
dx u
Dr Oliver
(b) Hence find the general solution of differential equation p:q, giving your answer in (4)
the form y 2 “ fpxq.
Mathematics
7. Find the solution of the differential equation (9)
dy
` y cot x “ 2x
dx
for which y “ 2 when x “ π6 . Give your answer in the form y “ fpxq.
Dr Oliver
8. Solve the differential equation (8)
dy
Mathematics
x
dx
´ 3y “ x4 e2x
for y in terms of x, given that y “ 0 when x “ 1.
9. The differential equation (8)
dy cos x
3xy 2 ` 2y 3 “
Dr Oliver dx x
is to be solved for x ą 0. Use the substitution u “ y 3 to find the general solution for y
in terms of x.
Mathematics 2
Dr Oliver
10. (a) By using an integrating factor, find the general solution of the differential equation (7)
Mathematics
dy
`
4y
dx 2x ` 1
“ 4p2x ` 1q5 .
(b) The gradient of a curve at any point px, yq on the curve is given by the differential (3)
equation
dy 4y
“ 4p2x ` 1q5 .
Dr Oliver `
dx 2x ` 1
The point whose x-coordinate is zero is a stationary point of the curve. Using your
Mathematics
answer to part (a), find the equation of the curve.
11. (a) Differentiate lnpln xq with respect to x. (1)
(b) (i) Show that ln x is an integrating factor for the first-order differential equation (2)
dy 1
` y “ 9x2 , x ą 1.
Dr Oliver dx x ln x
(ii) Hence find the solution of this differential equation, given that y “ 4e3 when (6)
x “ e.
Mathematics
12. By using an integrating factor, find the general solution of the differential equation (6)
du 2x
´ 2 u “ 3px2 ` 4q,
dx x ` 4
Dr Oliver
giving your answer in the form u “ fpxq.
13. (a) Find the particular values of the constants a, b, and c for which a`b sin 2x`c cos 2x (4)
Mathematics
satisfies the differential equation
dy
` 4y “ 20 ´ 20 cos 2x.
dx
(b) Hence find the solution of this differential equation, given that y “ 4 when x “ 0. (4)
Dr Oliver
14. Find the general solution of the differential equation (7)
dy
` 2y cot 2x “ sin x, 0 ă x ă π2 ,
Mathematics
dx
giving your answer in the form y “ fpxq.
15. Find the general solution of the differential equation (7)
dy 1
Dr Oliver
px ` 1q
dx
` 2y “ ,
x
giving your answer in the form y “ fpxq.
Mathematics 3
Dr Oliver
16. During an industrial process, the mass of salt, S kg, dissolved in a liquid t minutes after
the process begins is modelled by the differential equation
Mathematics
dS
`
2S
“ 14 , 0 ď t ă 120.
dt 120 ´ t
Given that S “ 6 when t “ 0,
(a) find S in terms of t, (8)
Dr Oliver
(b) calculate the maximum mass of salt that the model predicts will be dissolved in the (4)
liquid at any one time during the process.
Mathematics
17. Obtain the general solution of the differential equation (8)
dy
x ` 2y “ cos x, x ą 0,
dx
18.
Dr Oliver
giving your answer in the form y “ fpxq.
(7)
dy
Mathematics
dx
´ y tan x “ 2 sec3 x.
Giving that y “ 3 and x “ 0, find y in terms of x.
19. Solve the differential equation (7)
dy
´ 3y “ x,
Dr Oliver
to obtain y as a function of x.
dx
Mathematics
20. (a) Show that the substitution y “ vx transforms the differential equation
dy x 3y
(3)
“ ` , x ą 0, y ą 0 p:q
dx y x
into the differential equation
Dr Oliver x
dv
dx
“ 2v `
1
v
p;q.
Mathematics
(b) By solving differential equation p;q, find a general solution of the differential equa- (7)
tion p:q in the form y “ fpxq.
Given that y “ 3 and x “ 1,
(c) find the particular solution of differential equation p:q. (2)
Dr Oliver
Mathematics 4
Dr Oliver
21. (a) Show that the substitution y “ 1
t
transforms the differential equation (4)
Mathematics
sin x
dy
dx
` y cos x “ y 2 , 0 ă x ă π p:q
into the differential equation
dt
´ t cot x “ ´ cosec x, 0 ă x ă π p;q.
Dr Oliver
dx
(b) Solve the differential equation p;q. (5)
(c) Hence show that Mathematics 1
(2)
y“ ,
cos x ` c sin x
where c is an arbitrary constant, is a general solution of the differential equation
p:q.
Given that y “
?
3
2 Dr Oliver
at x “ π4 ,
(d) find the value of y at x “ π2 . (3)
Mathematics
22. (a) Find, in the form y “ fpxq, the general solution of the equation (6)
dy
` y cot x “ sin x, 0 ă x ă π.
dx
Given that y “ 1 at x “ π2 , Dr Oliver
(b) show that, at x “ π4 , (4)
Mathematics y“
8
?
p6 ´ πq 2
.
1
23. (a) Show that the substitution z “ transforms the differential equation (4)
y2
Dr Oliver dy
dx
` y “ 4xy 3 , y ą 0 p:q
Mathematics
into the differential equation
dz
´ 2z “ ´8x p;q.
dx
(b) Hence find the solution of the differential equation p:q in the form y “ fpxq. (7)
Dr Oliver
The stationary point of the graph of a particular solution of the differential equation p:q
is px1 , y1 q, x1 ą 0.
Mathematics 5
1
(c) Show that y1 “ ? .
Dr Oliver (2)
2 x1
Mathematics
24. Find the general solution of the differential equation (7)
dy
sin ´ y cos x “ sin 2x sin x,
dx
Dr Oliver
giving your answer in the form y “ fpxq.
1
25. (a) Show that the substitution z “ y 2 transforms the differential equation (5)
Mathematics dy 1
´ 4y tan x “ 2y 2 p:q
dx
into the differential equation
dz
Dr Oliver dx
´ 2z tan x “ 1 p;q.
Mathematics
(b) Solve the differential equation p;q to find z as a function of x.
(c) Hence obtain the general solution of the differential equation p:q.
(6)
(1)
26. Find the general solution of the differential equation (8)
dy ln x
x ` 5y “ , x ą 0,
Dr Oliver dx
giving your answer in the form y “ fpxq.
x
Mathematics
27. (a) Show that the substitution y “ vx transforms the differential equation (3)
dy
3xy 2 “ x3 ` y 3 p:q
dx
into the differential equation
Dr Oliver 3v 2 x
dv
“ 1 ´ 2v 3 p;q.
dx
Mathematics
(b) By solving differential equation p;q, find a general solution of the differential equa- (6)
tion p:q in the form y “ fpxq.
Given that y “ 2 at x “ 1,
(c) find the value of
dy
dx Dr Oliver
at x “ 1. (2)
Mathematics 6
Dr Oliver
28. (a) Find, in the form y “ fpxq, the general solution of the equation (6)
Mathematics
dy
dx
` 2y tan x “ sin 2x, 0 ă x ă π2 .
Given that y “ 2 at x “ π3 ,
(b) find the value of y at x “ π6 , giving your answer in the form a ` k ln b where a and (4)
Dr Oliver
b are integers and k is rational.
29. (a) Find the general solution of the differential equation (5)
Mathematics x
dy
dx
` 2y “ 4x2 .
(b) Find the particular solution for which y “ 5 at x “ 1, giving your answer in the (2)
form y “ fpxq.
Dr Oliver
(c) (i) Find the exact values of the coordinates of the turning points of the curve with
equation y “ fpxq, making your method clear.
(2)
points. Mathematics
(ii) Sketch the curve with equation y “ fpxq, showing the coordinates of the turning (3)
30. (a) Show that the substitution v “ y ´3 transforms the differential equation (5)
dy
x ` y “ 2x4 y 4 p:q
dx
Dr Oliver
into the differential equation
Mathematics dv 3v
dx
´
x
“ ´6x3 . p;q
(b) By solving the differential equation p;q, find a general solution of differential equa- (6)
tion p:q in the form y 3 “ fpxq.
Dr Oliver
31. (a) Find the general solution of the differential equation
dy
(6)
` 2y tan x “ e4x cos2 x, ´ π2 ă x ă π2 ,
Mathematics
dx
giving your answer in the form y “ fpxq.
(b) Find the particular solution for which y “ 1 at x “ 0. (2)
32. Find, in the form y “ fpxq, he general solution of the differential equation (6)
Dr Oliver
tan x
dy
dx
` y “ 3 cos 2x tan x, 0 ă x ă π2 .
Mathematics 7
33.
Dr Oliver
dx
p
dt Mathematics
` qx “ r, where p, q, and r are constants.
(a) Given that x “ 0 when t “ 0,
(i) find x in terms of t, (4)
(ii) find the limiting value of x as t Ñ 8. (1)
(b) (7)
Dr Oliver dy
dθ
` 2y “ sin θ.
Mathematics
Given that y “ 0 when θ “ 0, find y in terms of θ.
34. (a) Find, in the form y “ fpxq, the general solution of the equation (8)
dy
cos x ` 2 sin x “ 2 cos3 x sin x ` 1, 0 ă x ă π2 .
dx
? Dr Oliver
Given that y “ 5 2 when x “ π4 ,
?
Mathematics
(b) find the value of y when x “ π6 , giving your answer in the form a ` b 3, where a
and b are rational numbers to be found.
(3)
Dr Oliver
Mathematics
Dr Oliver
Mathematics
Dr Oliver
Mathematics 8