Sample size 100 > 30 => Standard normal distribution as the sampling distribution
Alpha 0.05
Mean 75.00
Standard deviation 30.00
Confidence interval 5.88 =[Link](B2,B4,B1)
Confidence lower limit 69.12 =B3 - B5
Confidence upper limit 80.88 =B3 + B5
Confidence Interval is 69.12 to 80.88
Sample size 16 <30 => Use t-distribution as the sampling distribution of the mean
Alpha 0.05
Mean 75.00
Standard deviation 30.00
Confidence interval 15.99 =CONFIDENCE.T(B2,B4,B1)
Confidence lower limit 59.01 =B3-B5
Confidence upper limit 90.99 =B3+B5
Confidence Interval is 59.01 to 90.99
Our Data Sample size 256
Mean 102.50
Population standard deviation 16
Step 1: Set up hypothesis
Null hypothesis μ = 100
Alternative hypothesis μ ≠ 100
Step 2: Because the population variance is known => z-test
Step 3: Determine alpha and tailed test
Alpha 0.05
Compare μ <> 100 => two-tailed test
Step 4: Test statistic 2.500 =(C2-C10)/(C3/ SQRT(C1))
p-value (left-tailed test) 0.994 =[Link]( C11, TRUE())
p-value (right-tailed test) 0.006 =1 - C12
p-value (two-tailed test) 0.012 =2 * MIN(C12:C13)
Because p-value of two-tailed test < Alpha, we reject the Null hypothesis
This means that there is enough evidence to claim the students in the high school have
Step 5: a different IQ score than 100.
Our Data Sample size 64
Mean 102.50
Population standard deviation 16
Step 1: Set up hypothesis
Null hypothesis μ≤100
Alternative hypothesis μ>100
Step 2: Because the population variance is known
Step 3: Determine alpha and tailed test
Alpha 0.05
Compare μ > 100
Step 4: Test statistic 1.250
p-value (left-tailed test) 0.894
p-value (right-tailed test) 0.106
Because p-value of two-tailed test > Alpha, we do not reject the Null hypothesis
This means that there is not enough evidence to claim the students in the high school have
Step 5: an IQ score greater than the average IQ of 100.
=> z-test
=> right-tailed test
=(C2-C10)/(C3/ SQRT(C1))
=[Link]( C11, TRUE())
=1 - C12
do not reject the Null hypothesis
claim the students in the high school have
Our Data Sample size 20
Mean 102.50
Sample standard deviation 16
Step 1: Set up hypothesis
Null hypothesis μ≤100
Alternative hypothesis μ>100
Because the population variance is unknown and the
Step 2: sample size is < 30 => t-test
Step 3: Determine alpha and tailed test
Alpha 0.05
Compare μ > 100 => right-tailed test
Step 4: Test statistic 0.699 =(C2-C10)/(C3/ SQRT(C1))
Degree of freedom 19 =C1-1
p-value (left-tailed test) 0.753 =[Link]( C11, C12,TRUE())
p-value (right-tailed test) 0.247 =1 - C13
Because p-value of two-tailed test > Alpha, we do not reject the Null hypothesis
This means that there is NOT enough evidence to claim the students in the high school
Step 5: have an IQ score greater than the average IQ of 100.
Our Data Sample size 1 (New method) 32
Mean sample 1 103
Standard deviation of population 1 16
Sample size 2 (Old method) 32
Mean sample 2 100.8
Standard deviation of population 2 16
Step 1: Set up hypothesis
Null hypothesis μNew − μOld ≤ 0
Alternative hypothesis μNew − μOld >0
Step 2: Assume both population variances are known
Step 3: Determine alpha and tailed test
Alpha 0.05
Compare μNew − μOld > 0
Step 4: Standard error 4.000
Test statistic 0.550
p-value (left-tailed test) 0.709
p-value (right-tailed test) 0.291
Step 5: Because p-value of right-tailed test > Alpha, we do not reject the Null hypothesis
This means that there is not enough evidence to claim the new method is better than the old one.
=> z-test
=> right-tailed test
=SQRT(C3*C3/C1 + C6*C6/C4)
=((C2 - C5 ) - C13)/C14
=[Link]( C15, TRUE())
=1 - C16
ot reject the Null hypothesis
he new method is better than the old one.
Our Data Sample size 1 (New method) 32
Mean sample 1 103
Standard deviation of sample 1 16
Sample size 2 (Old method) 32
Mean sample 2 100.8
Standard deviation of sample 2 14
Step 1: Set up hypothesis
Null hypothesis μNew − μOld ≤ 0
Alternative hypothesis μNew − μOld >0
Step 2: Assume both population variances are unknown but equal
Step 3: Determine alpha and tailed test
Alpha 0.05
Compare μNew − μOld > 0
Step 4 Degree of freedom 62
Pooled variance 226.000
Standard error 3.758
Test statistic 0.585
p-value (left-tailed test) 0.720
p-value (right-tailed test) 0.280
Step 5: Because p-value of right-tailed test > Alpha, we do not reject the Null hypothesis
This means that there is not enough evidence to claim the new method is better than the old one.
=> t-test
=> right-tailed test
=C1 + C4 -2
=((C1-1) * C3*C3 + (C4-1) *C6*C6) / C14
=SQRT(C15) * SQRT(1/C1 + 1/C4)
=((C2 - C5 ) - C13)/C16
=[Link]( C17, C14, TRUE())
=1 - C18
ot reject the Null hypothesis
e new method is better than the old one.
Our Data: Sample size 1 10
Mean sample 1 87
Standard deviation of sample 1 14
Sample size 2 12
Mean sample 2 99
Standard deviation of sample 2 18
Step 1: Set up hypothesis
Null hypothesis μA − μB = 0
Alternative hypothesis μA − μB ≠ 0
Step 2: Assume both population variances are unknown but unequal
Step 3: Determine alpha and tailed test
Alpha 0.05
Compare mean 1 - mean 2 <> 0
Solve: Degree of freedom 20
Standard error 6.826
t statistic -1.758
p-value (left-tailed test) 0.047
p-value (right-tailed test) 0.953
p-value (two-tailed test) 0.095
Step 5: Because p-value of two-tailed test > Alpha, we do not reject the Null hypothesis
This means that there is not enough evidence to claim the new method is better than the old one.
=> t-test
=> two-tailed test
=POWER((C3*C3/C1 + C6*C6/C4),2) /
( 1/(C1-1) * POWER(C3*C3/C1,2) +
1/(C4-1) * POWER(C6*C6/C4,2) )
=SQRT( C3*C3/C1 + C6*C6/C4)
=((C2 - C5 ) - C13)/ C15
=[Link]( C16, C14, TRUE())
=1 - C17
=2 * MIN(C17:C18)
t reject the Null hypothesis
he new method is better than the old one.
Observed data:
Pass Fail Total
Method A 14 38 52
Method B 20 10 30
Total 34 48 82
Step 1: Calculate Expected Value (The percentage of each category)
Pass Fail
Method A 21.56 30.44 =C5 * E3 / E5 =D5 * E3 / E5
Method B 12.44 17.56 =C5 * E4 / E5 =D5 * E4 /E5
Step 2: Calculate p-value
P-value 0.000433746 =[Link](C3:D4, C9:D10)
Step 3: If p-value < a => Reject null hypothesis; otherwise, do not reject
Conclusion: 0.000433746 < 0.05 => Reject the null hypothesis