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French Verbs: Types and Conjugation Guide

The document provides an overview of French verbs, categorizing them into three groups based on their endings: -er, -ir, and -re. It details the conjugation rules for each group, including examples and exceptions, as well as the use of personal and reflexive pronouns. Additionally, it covers auxiliary and semi-auxiliary verbs, along with their present indicative forms.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
4 views7 pages

French Verbs: Types and Conjugation Guide

The document provides an overview of French verbs, categorizing them into three groups based on their endings: -er, -ir, and -re. It details the conjugation rules for each group, including examples and exceptions, as well as the use of personal and reflexive pronouns. Additionally, it covers auxiliary and semi-auxiliary verbs, along with their present indicative forms.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

THE VERBS

Verbs are words that express action (to read, to dig, to sing), state (to turn gray, ...
to blush, to redden) and (to be) (to become cloudy, to shine, to thunder). In
In the French language, verbs can be categorized into three groups, namely:

I – groupe: -arriver, travailler, adorer, payer, étudier, jouer, commencer,


manger, payer,
{"appuyer":"to support","employer":"to employ","acheter":"to buy","jeter":"to throw","appeler":"to call","céder":"to yield"}

téléphoner, saluer, chercher,


["find","get up","enter","turn on","clean","wash","to"]
makeup, sign, send
to post, to cry, to swim, to speak ...
(Verbs of the first group end in -er)
["to finish","to gain weight","to lose weight","to age","to feed","to fill","to obey","to reunite"]
land, reflect
["choose","heal","slow down","succeed","punish","demolish","act","oneself"]
gather, whiten...
( Verbs of the second group end with -ir )
III – groupe:-aller, avoir, falloir, sortir, servir, partir, sentir, mentir,
["to sleep","to run","to open"]
["offer","cover","suffer","hold","come","acquire","die","see"]
["to flee","to want","to be able"]
devoir, savoir, valoir, recevoir, apercevoir, percevoir,
to sit, to drink, to rain...
(Some third group verbs end in -ir)
["to be","to do","to say","to forbid","to read","to elect","to drive","to build"]
destroy
traduire, réduire, produire, rire, sourire, conclure, exlure,
write, register,
prescrire, vivre, suivre, plaire, se taire, répondre, perdre,
sell, go down
["wait","hear","give back","bite","twist","take"]
learn, understand
surprendre, entreprendre, peindre, éteindre, craindre,
["join","put"]
["to allow","to promise","to omit","to admit","to beat","to fight"]
debate
["to know","to be born","to disappear","to increase","to believe"]
(Most third group verbs end in -re)

PERSONAL AND REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS

Li Lićne Returns Base Continuation for


pronouns pronouns verb the appropriate group
verb
(example: I group of verbs)
Singular
I me present -e
2. You you present -es
He/She/One it present -e
Set
We we present -ons
You you present -ez
3. They himself present -ent

Note: The pronoun "He" (We) is sometimes used in the third person.
singular, neutral, changes 'us'.
P.S.: The example gives the verb of the I-group 'se présenter (to introduce)'
se)".
L'auxiliaire(Pomočni glagoli): être (biti), avoir (imati)

To be / been To have / had (imati)

I am I have
You are You have
He/She/One is He/She/One has

We are We have
2. You are You have
They are They have

Les semi-auxiliaires(Polupomočni glagoli): aller (ići), venir (doći), savoir


{"znati":"to know","faire":"to do, to make","vouloir":"to want","pouvoir":"to be able to"}
duty (to die).

to go to come / come

I am going I come
You go You come
He/She/One is going He/She/One comes

We are going We are coming


You are going to You come
They are going They come

Savoir / su / sachant (znati) I want


You want
I am going He/She/One wants
You go
He/She/One is going We want
2. You want
We are going They come
2. You are going to
They are going to do / done

Want / wanted / wanting I do


to wish You do
He/She/One does
I can
We are doing You can
2. You make He/She/One can
They do/They make
We can
Pouvoir / pu / pouvant (moći) You can
They can

Present indicative / indicative present


I – -er group
The present indicative of the first group of verbs is formed by taking the infinitive
the verb rejects the suffix -er which results in the base of the verb to which is added
attachments for each face separately:

Singular Plural
-e (when reading 'e' does not -ons (when reading "s" it does not
pronounces pronounces
-es (the reading code 'es' does not -ez (the reading code "z" does not)
pronounces pronounces
3. -e (when reading 'e' does not -ent (the reading code 'ent' does not
pronounces pronounces

Examples:

Speak / spoken (to speak) Play/play (played)

I speak I play
You speak You play
He/She/One speaks He/She/One plays

We speak We play
You speak You play
They speak They play

Reflexive verbs and reciprocal verbs of the first group change like
the others, with the exception that in their case the pronouns change with the person, e.g.:

To introduce oneself/ introduced 2. You introduce yourself


(introduce oneself) They introduce themselves

I introduce myself to wash oneself / washed oneself


You introduce yourself
He/She/One introduces themselves
I am mixing
You will see
We introduce ourselves He/She/One calls himself/herself/itself
You wash yourself
We wash ourselves They save

Exceptions:

I. Conjugation "L". Conjugation "L" occurs with the verb: S'appeler (to be called),
calling happens due to the strengthening of the voice 'L' in pronunciation. Doubling
it occurs in all persons except the first and second person plural. e.g.:

To be called / called (to call oneself)


My name is We call ourselves
Your name is 2. Your name is
We call ourselves They are called
[Link]. Duplanje "T". Duplanje "T" occurs with the verb: jeter (to throw,
throw away), preter (to lend) and it happens due to the strengthening of the voice "T" in
The duplication occurs in all forms except the first and second person.
sets. e.g:
5.
6. Throw / thrown (to throw, to cast) preter / preté (to judge)
7. 10.
I throw I lend
You throw 2. You will be loaded

He/She/One throws He/She/One lends


8. 11.
We throw We lend
2. You throw You lend
They throw They lend
12.
13.
14. II. Adding 'e'. For verbs that end in -geru
The letter 'e' (which is not pronounced) is added in the first person plural and that is placed after
the base of the verb before the ending -on in order to preserve the sound 'ž' in
for example. manger (to eat), nager (to swim):
15.
16.
17. Manger / mangé (jesti) 21. Swam / swimming
18. 22.
I eat I swim
You eat You swim
He/She/One eats He/She/One swims
19. 23.
We eat We deny
You eat You swim
They eat They swim
20.
24. IV. Adding the 'sedille -ç' character. For verbs that end
in -cer, 'sedille' is added to the letter 'C' in the first person plural
"ç" is obtained to retain the sound of "s". For example.
25.
26. Place/ positioned (location) 30. Move/moved
27. to move
I place 31.
2. You places I move
He/She/One places You move
28. He/She/One moves
We place 32.
You place We move
They place You move
29. They move
33. Transition from 'y' to 'i'. For verbs that end in -yer
the letter 'y' changes to the letter 'i', except in the case of verbs that
they end in -ayer which have two ways of changing and that is when the letter
"y" becomes "i" but when the letter "y" stays "y". For example.
34.
35. Clean / cleaned 38. Pay / paid (to pay)
to clean 39.
36. I pay - pays
I clean You pay - pay
You clean He/She/One pays
He/She/One places 40.
37. We pay
We clean 2. You pay
You clean They pay
They clean
41.
42. VI. Change of "é" to "è". This occurs with verbs like préférer.
(to prefer), to yield (to give up, to concede). It happens due to change
the vowels "é" and "è" in pronunciation. For example.

43.
44. prefer / preferred 48. Yield / Yielded
to prefer to concede, to yield
45. 49.
I prefer I yield
You prefer You concede
He/She/One prefers He/She/One gives in
46. 50.
We prefer We give in
You prefer You give in
They prefer They give in
47.
51. VI. The change of "e" to "è". It occurs in verbs like acheter.
["buy","ferret","peel","celery","chisel","dismantle","freeze"]
hammer, model, weigh, lead isl. It happens due to a change of voice
"e" and "è" in pronunciation. For example.

52.
53. Buy / bought You buy
(to buy) He/She/One buys
54. 55.
I am buying We buy
You buy You sniff
They buy He/She/One is snooping around
56. 59.
57. Fremer / thunder We are rummaging
58. You are rummaging
I am nosing around They prowled
60. II - group in -ir
61.
62. The present indicative of the second group of verbs is formed by taking
the infinitive of the verb removes the ending -ir, which results in the base of the verb to which
They add endings for each person separately.
63.
64. The second group of verbs can be divided into three subgroups, namely:
65. 1. Verbs that have one base: choose, finish, grow, succeed,
to reflect...
66. 2. Verbs that have two bases: to part, to sleep, to serve...
67. 3. Verbs that change like first group verbs...
68.
69. Singular 70. Plural
Singular
-e (when reading 'e' it doesn't -ons (when reading 's' is not
pronounces) pronounces
2. -es (the reading code 'es' is not -ez (the reading code 'z' is not
pronounces) pronounces
3. -e (when reading, 'e' does not 3. -ent (when reading 'ent' it does not)
pronounces pronounces)
71.

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