NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF CHIMBORAZO

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

MASTER'S IN CIVIL ENGINEERING WITH A SPECIALIZATION IN CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

RESEARCH PROJECT PROFILE

Apellidos:Gonzalez Yuquilla

Nombres:Alex Vicente

Teacher: Dr. Víctor J. García, PhD

Theme: The legal framework in the management of occupational risks in relation to

construction projects with deep excavation work.

Research Line:

Engineering, Construction, Management, Risks.

Riobamba-Ecuador

2021
 Research objectives

General

• Contribute to reducing occupational hazards in construction projects

in deep excavation work.
Specifics

• Determine the current situation of workers who are doing jobs of

deep excavations and identify the dangers and occupational risks caused.
• Evaluate and propose a safe work proposal for workers who
they carry out civil engineering work in deep excavations.
INTRODUCTION

We constantly hear about occupational safety and health or safety and health.
occupational, and this is a topic that is always discussed not only in our country
internationally since it has always been stated that the working class are those who
they are always exposed to occupational hazards while also adapting to the environments
labor and to the communities that are near or under the influence of the places
of work.

According to the General Regulations on Work Risk Insurance, Article 44 states that the
companies subject to the IESS regime must comply with the rules and regulations regarding
risk prevention established in the law. Health and Safety Regulation of the
workers and improvement of the work environment, Executive Decree 2393, in
the general regulation itself and the specific recommendations made by the
technical prevention services, in order to avoid the adverse effects of accidents
work and occupational diseases, as well as the conditions
unfavorable environmental conditions for the health of workers.

Currently, deep excavation works are taking place in the vast majority of
current buildings, representing a good option for solving problems of
space, such as the parking area or the machine rooms;
in the same way, this work for the builder represents a great responsibility without
import the type of civil work that is intended to be executed.

Construction professionals such as civil engineers are required to know

the specific methodology, as due to a lack of knowledge of the methodological process many
Often the builder has been affected by setbacks, contingencies, and
increase in costs, likewise; in the same way, they require techniques and standards
of occupational risk prevention that could arise from workplace accidents in
deep excavation work.

For these reasons, it is important to mention that this type of work is a bit more risky.
compared to others; reasons why the control for the execution of these
work must be very meticulous on the part of the builder, where not only does it matter
success of the construction but always considering the danger of detachment
the land of the slopes causes, and therefore the lives of workers are at greater risk
due to the degree of complexity of this type of work in civil construction projects.

Background

In Ecuador, the construction sector has always been one of the sectors that has
significantly contributed to the country's economy, also generating sources of
work that allows for the sustainable development of the labor sector and its families; it is
for this reason, the economic budget allocated for construction in each of
the institutions created by the State are superior to other sectors, as well as
Within the private sector, the demand from the population has caused it to move.
another type of axes of the country's economy, such as services of different kinds
such as industry, transportation, communications among others.

In this way, skilled labor will always be the central axis of everything
construction sector and even more so in those constructions that require greater
knowledge, experience, and care; considering that with industrial evolution and
Technology of the current times demands projects with infrastructure
modern ones that in the case we are dealing with many of those buildings require
subsoils that justify the regulations of buildings imposed by the agencies
of competent authorities for the case.

Over time, it has been verified that all construction activity presents
occupational risks for the working class and when referring to deep excavations we can
It requires a lot of care to intervene in areas that are more complex than others.
in the construction sector causing minor workplace accidents since
falls and serious injuries, and in the worst cases even fatal; for which it has always been
It is important for civil engineers to apply the different standards and techniques.
established to achieve a safe and planned construction; likewise, these
accidents become a problem for the builder who hired the labor of
work, since lacking the necessary safety techniques for their
Workers have been imminently affected by the legal and economic harms to them.

Literature review

According to the statistical data on Work Risks from the Ecuadorian Institute of
Social Security (IESS), in 2011 there were 4,115 workplace accidents in Guayas,
a figure that in 2012 rose to 6,800. The employees who suffer the most accidents are the
that work in the manufacturing industries. In 2012, 1,693 cases were recorded in
this area.9 Following that figure are accidents in social service companies,
communal and personal with 1,464 cases; 79% of the people who suffered accidents
Of the workers, 79% are men and 21% are women. Work accidents are not reported.
in its entirety. (Publication of the Diario El Universo from 2013)

Article 38 of the Labor Code states that: "the risks arising from
work is the responsibility of the employer and when, as a result of this, the worker suffers
personal injury, will be obliged to compensate him according to the provisions
from the Code, provided that such benefit is not granted to him by the Ecuadorian Institute of
Social Security; therefore, occupational health encompasses the elements that
they intervene for the personal care and health of the workers.

In November 2011, the IESS issued resolution 390, which establishes a system of
occupational risk prevention as a mandatory norm in companies. The provision
The general novena of this resolution states that 'for workers without a relationship of '
dependency, the activities covered by the General Occupational Risk Insurance
will be those registered in the IESS at the time of the worker's affiliation, this record
must include the description of the activity they perform, the schedule of their work and the
usual place of performance of the same; if the member changes activity, they must
update said record; therefore, the worker must be protected from the first
day with the entry notice. "If you are heading from home to work and suffer an accident, the
worker is protected.

Article 51 of the SGRT Regulation states that "companies must"

implement the Occupational Health and Safety Management System as a means of
mandatory compliance with legal or regulatory standards, considering the
elements of the system". These elements are the administrative, technical, and
human talent and basic operational procedures or programs.

The World Security Association has established that for every 100 dollars that are
Invest in an employee, the company recovers 220 dollars. "The security systems
Work ensures that the employee produces in a good environment and that benefits
directly to the institution" that is why at the international level this situation causes a
loss of 4% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP).

In Ecuador, that loss amounts to between 6% and 8% of its GDP, the statistics indicate.
from IESS. “Problems can be reduced if it is ensured that all are met.
safety measures at work.” The data is not isolated. The Organization
International Labour Organization (ILO) estimates that daily, one million workers suffer a
work accident at your workplace, which amounts to 100 million dollars.
loss per year.

This is stated in articles 325 and 326 of the Constitution, which establish that 'everyone
a person has the right to a dignified and healthy job." This standard is also fulfilled in
validity of Article 51 of the General Risk Work Insurance Regulations, which
establishes that "Companies must implement the Security Management system and
Occupational Health as a means of mandatory compliance

Problem statement

It is evident the risks to which workers are exposed in jobs of

civil works in deep excavations considered high risk due to the complexity that
this claim, reasons why an incorrect execution of any project of
construction of these characteristics with poor management of techniques and management standards
Occupational risks can cause work accidents that may bring about others.
additional problems to the main problem, which is why this research work is
proposed with the sole purpose of anchoring the norms, techniques, and protection manuals
of occupational hazards in high-risk jobs such as deep excavations.

Research questions

¿Cuál es la importancia de la implementación de un modelo de gestión de seguridad y

health, to reduce work risks during the different stages in which it is
Does construction develop?
What relationship exists between environmental conditions and workplace accidents?
construction project with deep excavation works?

What importance do legal technical standards have in the execution of projects?

construction that involves deep excavation work?

What are the internal and external factors that have the greatest influence on the
provocation of a workplace accident in projects involving work of
deep excavations?

Methodology

The first step of the research will be to identify the legal framework in management
occupational risks related to construction projects involving
deep excavations on which the following methodology would be applied:

Bibliographic, compiling the different models of health and safety management

occupational that have been developed at national and international levels and that comply with
high standards of quality (Ministry of Labor and Employment, regulations and resolutions
from IESS, publications of the ILO).

of diagnosis and evaluation of working conditions through the use of a version

adapted from the risk assessment form for construction projects in
deep excavation works.

The subsequent steps of the investigation are:

• Identify the projects that have resulted from workplace accidents in the
Autonomous municipal governments of Chimborazo in matrices that allow
relate these variables to the initial conditions of the site.
• Data collection at construction sites
• Determine and interpret the risk scope caused by the constructions with
deep excavation work in construction projects.
• Identify the work-related accidents caused by the misuse of the rules and
techniques for occupational risk management.
• Relate the study variables using techniques and tools of
research for collection and discussion of results.
• Formulate a proposal for the research work
 • Establish conclusions and recommendations
POSSIBLE RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS OF THE RESEARCH

The study of this research will be carried out in the province of Chimborazo
taking into account that in several cantons of the province there are places and projects of
construction that needs to be the subject of study regarding risks
caused by deep excavation work being the only limitation of the
research unable to conduct a study of all research projects at the level
national where the same problem exists for builders; therefore the
the results obtained from this research work are fundamentally based on the
application of all the rules of our legal framework in risk management
labor relations concerning construction projects involving excavation work
profound.

This research will be useful for builders to have better management.

of planning and execution in projects with deep excavation works
considered of high complexity, since through compliance with the regulations and
techniques regarding occupational hazards can properly manage their
construction projects and not getting involved in the economic and legal problems that
they depend on this type of practices in the construction sector, because safety and
Occupational health is the key to the success of construction projects.

RESEARCH SCHEDULE

ACTIVITIES MONTH 1 Month 2 MONTH 3

Identification of 1S 2S 3S 4S 1S 2S 3S 4S 1S 2S 3S 4S
construction projects

civil with jobs X X X X

of excavations
deep.
Presentation of the

preliminary project
of
thesis.
 Tutoring
X
Development of
theoretical framework of the X
research
Tutoring
X X
Development of
Marco X
methodological
Analysis y
discussion of X
results
Formulation of
conclusions y X
recommendations
Presentation of the
project of X
research
Figure No. 1: Schedule of activities for the research work.
Prepared by: Eng. Alex Gonzalez
10. REFERENCES

Henao Robledo, F. (2011). Factores de riesgo asociados a la construcción, Bogotá: Ecoe

IESS. (2016), Resolution No. CD. 513. Ecuador
IESS. (2008). Supplement No. 00174. Regulation on safety and health for the
construction and public works. Ecuador.
IESS. (2016), Resolution No. CD. 298. Ecuador
IESS. (2016), Resolution No. CD. 333. Ecuador
IESS. (2016), Resolution No. CD. 39I0. Ecuador
INSHT. (1991a). NTP 324: checklist questionnaire for risk control
accident. Spain.
INSHT. (1991b). NPT 330: Simplified system for accident risk assessment.
Spain. INSHT. (1997). Occupational risk assessment. Spain.
NAHB-OSHA. (2009). Trenching and Excavation safety group. USA.
Macchia, J. L. (2007). Accident prevention in construction sites: concepts and regulations
about hygiene and safety in construction. Argentina:nobuk
Rubio Romero J.C. (2006). EBSCO Support Site. Obtained from Evaluation Methods
occupational risks. Spain.
Rubio Romero J.C. (2005). Manual for Coordination of Safety and Health in Construction Sites
of construction. Spain.
Creus Salé A. (2012). Techniques for the prevention of occupational risks. Spain.

Linkography

[Link]
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[Link]
 Annexes

It is defined as the set of rules and

• Risk Management RISK MANAGEMENT IN WORKS OF
techniques that should be applied in the
• Work permits CONSTRUCTION WITH WORKS OF construction jobs that require
• Cleaning order DEEP EXCAVATIONS deep excavation work
• Regulation

Access to the work: authorized personnel, unit of

Hazard identification control, access routes to the work.

Risk analysis

Risk assessment and evaluation Signage: indicative signs,

obligations of the staff.

LEGAL REQUIREMENTS

• Occupational Health and Safety Policy

• Planning for hazard identification and assessment
of risks and risk control Limitations in excavations: see if it is found
• Occupational health and safety policy clear the obstacles from the excavations
• Legal requirements and other requirements Objectives Program of installation of safety scaffolding
management of safety and health at work
• Implementation y functioning Structure y
responsibilities Training, awareness-raising and
competence Inquiry and communication Documentation
Control of documentation and data Control
Operational preparation and response to emergencies. Conditions in the excavation area:
use of control measures, ramps,
stairs, land use condition.

Armor: armor equipment

Slope system: protection methods to

the workers in collapses.

Individual and collective protection: equipment

protection, maintenance, and detection of possible
defects, gloves, steel boots, uniforms, posts
work, safety flags among others.