HUMANISTIC TRAINING

CURRICULAR EXPERIENCE OF LOGICAL THINKING

PRACTICAL GUIDE No. 09

READING AND INTERPRETATION OF
INFOGRAPHICS AND STATISTICAL GRAPHS
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 READING STATISTICAL GRAPHS AND INFOGRAPHICS

GENERAL COMPETENCE:

Apply fundamentals and strategies of critical and creative thinking to interpret, understand and
propose innovative alternatives to problems or needs arising in the personal, academic realm
social and business.

RESULTADO/S DE APRENDIZAJE:
Formula linear behavior models that represent contextual situations that allow inference and
interpret the consequences of it, using the concepts of proportionality and linear function.
ATTITUDE:
Show responsibility.

THE INFOGRAPHIC
The infographic is a combination of texts, synthetic images, explanations, and easy to understand with the aim
to communicate information visually to facilitate its transmission and understanding.

PARTS OF AN INFOGRAPHIC

For the preparation of an infographic, we must take into account the following essential elements that
debe llevar una buena infografa, aquí mismo les detallo:
To be direct, preferably concise while expressing the content of the
infographic.
El encabezado. Subttulo que representa el segundo dato importante.

The text must be brief, precise, and provide the reader with all the necessary explanation for the
understanding of the graphic. What the body of the infographic does not explain must be explained by it
text.
The body is the very essence of the painting, the visual information itself: the bars, the
cakes, the fever lines, the map, etc. This body needs and presents cartographic information
explanatory in the form of labels, which can be numbers, dates, or descriptive words.
The source indicates where the information presented in the infographic has been obtained from. It can be
primary or secondary.
Credit, which indicates the name of the author or authors of the infographic, both of the research and the
of its design.

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 Statistical Graphs
A statistical graph is a visual representation of a series of statistical data. It is a tool
very effective, since a good graph:
captures the reader's attention;
presents the information in a simple, clear, and precise way;
no induce an error;
• facilitates data comparison and highlights trends and differences;
• ilustra el mensaje, tema o trama del texto al que acompaña.
Bar chart
A bar graph is a graphical representation on a Cartesian axis of the frequencies of a variable.
qualitative or discrete.

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Histogram:
It is used to represent the frequencies of a continuous quantitative variable. One of the axes is
They position the classes of the continuous variable (the intervals or the class marks which are the midpoints)
of each interval) and on the other axis the frequencies. There is no separation between the bars.

Population pyramid
A population pyramid is a bi-directional histogram that shows the demographic structure of a
population, by sex and age, at a given moment.

Line graph
A line graph is a graphical representation on a Cartesian axis of the relationship that exists between two
variables clearly reflecting the changes produced.

Pie chart
A pie chart is a circular representation of the relative frequencies of a qualitative variable.
the discreet one that allows, in a simple and quick way, its comparison.

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Pictogram
A pictogram is a graphic that represents the frequencies of a variable through figures or symbols.
qualitative or discrete. Just like bar graphs are often used to compare magnitudes or see the
evolution in the time of a specific category.

Scatter plot
Graph that informs about the degree of correlation between the two variables, shows us whether the increase or
decrease in the values of one of the variables, referred to as the independent variable and usually
representing on the horizontal axis alters the values of the other, called variable
dependent and generally represented on the vertical axis.

htps://[Link]/explica/docs/pasos_tpos_graphics.pdf

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 THOUGHT IN ACTION

INSTRUCTION: Read and interpret the infographics and statistical graphs.

1. Write in the parentheses the letter that corresponds according to the type of proposed graph.

a d

b e

I. Histogram. ( )
II. Pie chart or sector chart. ( )
III. Line graph. ( )
c
IV. Frequency polygon. ( )
V. Bar graph. ( )

On January 12, 2021, the Ministry of Health updates the COVID-19 Situational Room the
next information:

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 htps://[Link]/media/[Link]
From the accumulated information, from the total number of cases From the accumulated information, what percentage
confirmed, what percentage do they represent? represents the number of deceased in relation to the
registered persons? confirmed cases? (Write your answer with two
two decimals decimals)
a c

Regarding the confirmed cases on January 12, Regarding the confirmed cases on January 12,
What percentage does the number of fatalities represent? What percentage do hospitalized admissions represent?
(Write your answer with two decimals) (Write your answer with two decimal places)

b d

The line graph with markers shows the price of masks in a week of the month.
March of the year 2020.

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 What is the ratio between the prices of the mask On the fourth day, a businessman bought a dozen of
of the 5th in relation to the 4th? masks and also did the same on the sixth day,
What will be the difference between the amounts paid by
the businessman?
a c

What is the percentage variation between day 8 What is the proportion of the price on day 7 and on day
regarding the 5th? 3?
b d

4. The European Commission presented the document 'Spring 2020 Economic Forecast' with its
Economic estimates for 2020 and 2021. The following graph is derived from that report:

Retrieved from: [Link]

What is the percentage difference in the rate of
unemployment between the United States and France in the year
2020?
a

You have a PEA of 23,120,000, how many

Will people be unemployed in the year 2020?

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 If you have a PEA of 25,950,000, how many
people lost their jobs in the year 2020 in
relationship to the year 2019?

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5. The graph represents the unemployment rate of the US as of January 2021

htp://[Link]/sites/default/files/Unttled-Project (100).png
In which month (2020) is the greatest difference observed? What is the difference in percentage points from May?
percentage points compared to the previous month? and October of 2020?
a c

What is the ratio between the lowest and highest percentage of If the economically active population in States
year 2020? As of November 2020, it was 146,504,000.
employees, what is the number of unemployed at
b d December 2020?

6. The following pictogram shows the number of attendees at various concerts held on the
year 2019 in Korea. Analyze and then answer the questions:

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 How many people attended the concert of How many people attended the concert?
Super Junior? BTS?
a c

What was the percentage of attendees that

they were satisfied at the Super concert
b Junior? (Write your answer with two decimals)

7. The graph represents the percentage of traditional exports made by Peru according to
destnos:

If the exports made to China amount to US$ How much is exported to the United States? Consider only
6.557 million, how much is exported to Spain? Please consider integer values of millions of dollars.
only whole values in millions of dollars.
a c

How much is exported to Brazil? Consider only values.

tens of millions of dollars.
b

8. The following graph shows a survey conducted among a group of 1200 students regarding
his favorite lunch.

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 What is the number of people who prefer to have lunch? How many more people prefer grilled cheese?
chicken wings and pizza? Which burger?
a c

How many more people prefer pizza over wings? What is the relationship between those who prefer
chicken? hamburgers and pizza?
b d

9. The following graph shows the preferences for watching movies by age group, considering
that a total of 1000 people were surveyed, determine:

Which age group records the highest percentage in the Which age group has the lowest percentage in the
Does he/she really like going to the movies? Do you like to go to the movies?
a c

Out of the total number of surveyed people, how many people Of the total number of people surveyed, how many people
They don't like going to the cinema at all? more like to go to the cinema than those who
Does it please you little?
b d

10. The graph shows the sales volume of three products (A, B, and C) over four years.
consecutive

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 In which year were the highest sales of product B made? What is the total number of units sold in the four
years?
a c

In which year did the highest sales of product A occur? What is the relationship between the number of units sold?
of product B and product A in the year 2004?
b d Express the answer as an irreducible fraction.

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 11. If we consider the information contained in the following infographic, answer the questions.
proposals:

Accordingthe
to data shown which is
approximately the total population of Peru?

How many women are victims of violence?

psychological?

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12. One of the most representative products of Peru is the potato, due to its great variety that
abounds in our territory, and considering the multiple ways it can be prepared and
Accompanying Peruvian cuisine constitutes a valuable natural resource. After observing
the proposed infographic answers the questions.

If a person consumes 4 medium-sized potatoes, If potato consumption has increased in a

How many calories are you consuming? 20% from 2013 to 2020. What amount of kilos?
How much potato does a Peruvian consume annually?

a d

What amount of protein does it provide to a family? In what proportion is the potato production in the
consume 12kg of potatoes? coast and the mountain range?

b e

What amount of calories does it provide to a family at It has been achieved to produce 6.2 million tons of potatoes in
consume 20 kg of potatoes? Last year, how many come from the mountains?

c f

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 Retrieved from: htps://[Link]/5aicX

13. Femicide in Peru in the last 8 years.

Recsuperado from: [Link]

What is the percentage difference of the cases of Of the total cases reported in the last 8 years,
femicide between Lima and the rest of the country? What percentage do femicide cases represent in
San Juan de Lurigancho?
a c

What is the percentage variation in the cases of Which district records the lowest amount of
femicide in Los Olivos and Ate Vitarte? femicide in Lima?
b d

14. The following graph shows the crime figures of Metropolitan Lima.

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 [Link]

Considering that the population of Lima According to the information presented, what percentage
Metropolitan area is 10.8 million Peruvians, how many Did the number of complaints increase by 2017?
People were victims in September 2018?
a c

Of the total inhabitants of Lima, what percentage Regarding femicides, did it increase or decrease?
does it represent the number of homicides up to 2017? cases as of 2017? What percentage?
b d

15. According to the information provided in the infographic, respond to what is requested:

Recovered from: htps://[Link]/7dJST

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 If we have 129 young students gathered. If we consider a group of 45 young people aged 15
between 15 and 25 years of age how many of them are expected At 25 years of age, how many of them affirm that
to be addicted to social media? they prefer social media because it presupposes more
a d authenticity and freedom in their opinions

Considering the previous group, how many women are there? What is the percentage difference between men and
Addicted to social media? women addicted to social media?

b e

Considering a group of 200 young people whose ages

they are between the ages of 15 and 25 how many of
Do they use social media to make friends?
C f

REFERENCES

Code of
BOOKS, MAGAZINES, ARTICLES, THESES, WEB PAGES
library
Applied Mathematics to Management and
519 A79
economytaPrentce Hill.
Budnick, F. (2007) Applied Mathematics for Administration, Economics and
519 B92
social sciences (4th ed.). Mexico: McGraw Hill
510 F47 Figueroa, R. (2009) Basic Mathematics 1 (10th ed.) Lima: RFG Editions.
Haeussler, E., Paul R. (2008). Mathematics for Administration and Economics (10th edition)
519 H13
Mexico: Pearson.
511.33R19 Rangel N. (2008).Funciones y relaciones. (5.ª ed.). México DF: Trillas.
SooT.,T.(2011). Applied mathematics to business, social sciences, and
519 T16M life (5th ed.). Mexico City: Cengage Learning.
510 V45 Venero, A. (2005)Matemátca Básica(2.ª ed.) Lima: Gemar.