History and Basics of Computer Hardware
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ScribdTranslationsHistory and Basics of Computer Hardware
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ScribdTranslationsDiscipline: Fundamentals of Hardware - 1st Stage
Prof.:Thiago Henrique Esteves Barbosa
STUDENT NAME
History and Evolution of Computing
1. Cite some problems that the use of valves caused in 1st generation computers.
They burned quickly, consumed a lot of energy, and had slower processing.
2. What differentiates 1st generation computers from 2nd generation ones.
Transistors and they didn't have to be reprogrammed for each task, like valves.
3. What contributes to the evolution of computers?
significantly lower than their predecessors?
Integrated Circuits
4. Cite characteristics that marked the evolution of computers.
Change of valves to transistors
5. When a disk is formatted, the information contained in it is
a)-Losses
b)-Maintained
c)-Updated
d)-Duplicated.
6. In chronological order, mark the correct alternative.
a) Abacus, Eniac, Chip, Transistor and Microprocessor
b) Eniac, Abacus, Chip, Transistor and Microprocessor
c) Abacus, Eniac, Chip, Microprocessor and Transistor
d) Abacus, Eniac, Transistor, Chip, and Microprocessor
Components and Architecture of Computers
1. Explain how a computer works.
The memory sends instructions to the processor, which executes the instructions and returns the
result.
2. Define what a clock is.
It is a signal used to coordinate the tasks of the processor in a time cycle.
3. Differentiate RAM memory from ROM memory.
Volatile
Non-volatile
4. Cite 03 periféricos de entrada, 02 de saída e 02 de E/S . Comente sobre eles.
Entrada => teclado, mouse, microfone, webcam
Saída => monitor, impressora, caixa de som
Entrada/Saida => touchscreen, placa de rede
5. Defina Hardware e Software.
Hardware => Physical Part.
Software => Programs (logical).
6. Quais são os elementos principais do Hardware? Escolha um deles e descreva-o .
Motherboard, processor, memory, chipset, HD etc.
7. What is the function of Cache memory?
Store the data most used by the processor, making it accessible with
more speed.
8. Why is the statement "A computer with more power of" not valid?
processing can store more programs.
Why a larger hard drive (winchester) is necessary and not more processing.
9. Why is the statement 'It is worth increasing the capacity of the main memory' not valid?
so that access to magnetic media (winchester - HD) is faster.
No, because it depends on the motherboard's bus (FSB).
10. Why a computer with a processor is not able to work
with programs developed for parallelizable environments?
Because he will not be able to split the received word to speed up the processing.
11. The secondary memory is:
a) slower. => it is not accessed directly by the CPU, but rather through the memory
main (RAM, cache etc) and therefore access to this memory is much slower. Ex: HD,
Pendrive, DVD ROM, etc.
b) has greater capacity. => The function of secondary memory is to store a large amount
of data.
c) theoretically permanent: non-volatile. => The function of secondary memory is to prevent these
they get lost with the computer shutdown.
Justify each item above that characterizes it.
12. How is the CPU divided? Please inform.
13. Qual o Sistema Numérico que o computador adota? Qual sua menor unidade?
Binary
14. What is the hardware element that distributes tasks to all components?
of the system?
a) RAM Memory
b) Microprocessor
c) Keyboard
d) ROM Memory
e) Video
15. We can affirm that the function of the C.P.U. is:
a) Avoid the entry of viruses into the computer
b) It is responsible for processing, controlling, and managing information.
c) Is responsible for storing the information recorded on the monitor
d) None of the above
16. Examples of peripherals that serve the function of both input and output of data:
I) Modem a) Answers I and II are correct
II) Touch Screen b) The answers III and IV are correct.
III) Keyboard c) Answers I and III are correct
IV) Scanner d) Answers III and V are correct
V) Monitor
17. The characteristics of ROM memory are:
a) Read-only memory of information whose main function is
data storage.
b) Non-volatile memory chip that is programmed at a later stage after its manufacture.
c) Non-volatile memory, read-only information that serves as a manual of
computer consultation.
d) Volatile memory also known as main memory that assists the CPU
in information processing.
18. Mark the correct alternative:
a) The 3 ½ disks have the same capacity as the 5 ¼ disk.
b) The fax modem is a card that enables communication between computers for exchange.
information.
c) The Cd-Rom is a storage device that uses a floppy disk as its medium.
d) All statements are correct
e) All statements are false
19. They are application software;
a) CD-Rom, Word, Mouse
b) Word, Excel, Power Point
c) Excel, Ms-Dos, Windows
20. Used for recording CD-Rom:
Hard Disk
CD recorder
c) Data Belt
21. Known as the brain of the computer:
a) Microprocessor
b) Winchester
c) ROM Memory
d) Cache Memory
22. What happens to the contents of the RAM when the computer is turned off?
a) It remains stored
It is partially erased
It is completely lost
It is recorded
23. What is the function of the Uninterruptible Power Supply?