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Understanding Intellectual Disability Criteria

Intellectual Disability (ID) is characterized by deficits in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, with onset during the developmental period, and is classified into four types: Mild, Moderate, Severe, and Profound. Diagnosis does not rely solely on IQ but utilizes various intelligence and adaptive behavior tests, including the Wechsler scales and Vineland Social Maturity Scale. Additionally, Global Developmental Delay is a related condition for children under 5, and Borderline Intellectual Functioning is recognized in DSM-5.

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19 views2 pages

Understanding Intellectual Disability Criteria

Intellectual Disability (ID) is characterized by deficits in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, with onset during the developmental period, and is classified into four types: Mild, Moderate, Severe, and Profound. Diagnosis does not rely solely on IQ but utilizes various intelligence and adaptive behavior tests, including the Wechsler scales and Vineland Social Maturity Scale. Additionally, Global Developmental Delay is a related condition for children under 5, and Borderline Intellectual Functioning is recognized in DSM-5.

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aiswaryasruti.prof
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Intellectual Disability or Intellectual Developmental Disorder (F-70 to F-79 in

ICD-10)

●​ Diagnosis criteria include deficits in both general intellectual functioning


(confirmed by both clinical assessment and individualized, standardized
intelligence testing) and adaptive behaviour (failure to meet developmental and
sociocultural standards for personal independence and social responsibility).
●​ Onset during the developmental period.
●​ Four types or specifiers: Mild, Moderate, Severe and Profound (based on
adaptive functioning in conceptual, social and practical domains)
●​ IQ is not a criteria for the assessment, however tests are employed to assess
general mental abilities of an individual.
●​ Axis II of DSM IV: Personality Disorders and Mental Retardation (not continued in
DSM-V)

●​ When intellectual disability is associated with a genetic syndrome, there may be


a characteristic physical appearance (as in, e.g., Down syndrome). Some
syndromes have a behavioral phenotype, which refers to specific behaviors that
are characteristic of a particular genetic disorder (e.g., Lesch-Nyhan syndrome).
●​ The commonly used tests for measurement of intelligence include:
1.​ Seguin form board test
2.​ Stanford-Binet, Binet-Simon or Binet-Kamath tests
3.​ Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) for 6½ to 16 years of age
4.​ Wechsler’s Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI) for 4 to
6½ years of age
5.​ Bhatia’s battery of performance tests
6.​ Raven’s progressive matrices (coloured, standard and advanced)
7.​ Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children, Second Edition (KABC-II)
●​ The tests used for the assessment of adaptive behaviour include:
1.​ Vineland Social Maturity Scale (VSMS)
2.​ Denver Development Screening Test (DDST)
3.​ Gessell’s Development Scale.

1
●​ A variation of ID called Global Developmental Delay is for children under 5 years
with severe defects exceeding those above. Borderline Intellectual Functioning is
used in DSM-5 but is not clearly differentiated from mild ID.

Questions

1. If a child has an IQ of 33, which category of intellectual disability do they belong in?
A. Mild
B. Moderate
C. Severe
D. Profound

2. All are used to assess intelligence and cognitive abilities except


A. KABC
B. RSPM
C. WISC
D. VSMS

3. Mental retardation is a part of which axis in DSM-IV?


A. Axis I
B. Axis II
C. Axis III
D. Axis IV

4. Which of the below is not a criteria for diagnosing intellectual disability in DSM-V?
A. Deficits in general mental abilities
B. Onset during the developmental age
C. sub-average IQ
D. Deficits in adaptive functioning

5. How many specifiers are there in DSM-V for intellectual disability?


A. One
B. Two
C. Three
D. Four

Answers: 1 - C; 2 - D; 3 - B; 4 - C; and 5 - D

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