#1
Exam based
Agro omy
Daily Practice Session
• Duration: 30 Minutes
• Post one MCQ from discussed topic in class.
What is Agriculture
• Agriculture is taken from two Latin words ager or
agri meaning soil and cultura meaning cultivation.
• Agriculture is the art and science of cultivating the
soil, growing crops, and rearing livestock.
Branches of Agriculture
Important Branches Remarks
Agronomy Principles and Practices of crop production.
Pomology Cultivation of fruit crops
Olericulture Cultivation of vegetable crops
Floriculture Cultivation of flower crops
Animal Husbandry Rearing and caring animals
Agricultural Study and application of engineering science and designs
engineering principles for agriculture purposes
Forestry The management of forested land, together with associated
waters and wasteland, primarily for harvesting timber.
Important Branches Remarks
Agricultural Applied field of economics concerned with optimizing the
Economics production and distribution of food and fiber products.
Entomology Scientific study of insects.
Plant Pathology Science that studies plant diseases
Sericulture The cultivation of silkworms to produce silk
Apiculture or Bee Rearing of honeybees
Keeping
Arboriculture Art of cultivating, properly managing, and studying
individual shrubs, trees, vines, and any other woody plants.
Vermiculture Earthworm farming
Pisciculture Fish rearing and caring
Important Branches Remarks
Agricultural Applied field of economics concerned with optimizing the
Economics production and distribution of food and fiber products.
Entomology Scientific study of insects.
Plant Pathology Science that studies plant diseases
Sericulture The cultivation of silkworms to produce silk
Apiculture or Bee Rearing of honeybees
Keeping
Arboriculture Art of cultivating, properly managing, and studying
individual shrubs, trees, vines, and any other woody plants.
Vermiculture Earthworm farming
Pisciculture Fish rearing and caring
Agriculture Hero
Peter Decresenzi/Pietro de' Crescenzi
(1230-1307 AD) collected many literatures
related to the first “Agronomy" in his book
'Opus Ruralium kamo Darum'. That is why
he is called the father of "agronomy".
Agriculture Hero
Jethrotull (1674-1741 AD) wrote a book
named 'Horse Hoeing Husbandry' on the
basis of which 'Seed Drill' and 'Horse
Drawn Cultivator' were developed. He was
also the first to use the words 'weed' and
'zero tillage'.
Discipline Personality
Father of Agronomy Peter Decresenzi
Father of tillage Jethro Tull
Father of Modern tillage Jethro Tull
Father of zero tillage Glubler b. triplet
Father of Natural farming Masanobu Fukuoka
Father of Zero budget Natural farming Subhash Palekar
Father of modern organic agriculture Albert Howard
What is Agronomy
• Agronomy is derived from a Greek word ‘agros’
meaning ‘field’ and ‘nomos’ meaning ‘management’.
• It is defined as an agricultural science deals with
principles and practices of crop production.
Evolution of man and Agriculture
• Hunting Pastoral Crop culture Trade
Some Important Events in Agriculture
Year Important Events
Earlier than 10000 BC Hunting and gathering
8700 BC Domestication of Sheep
7700 BC Domestication of Goat
7500 BC Cultivation of Wheat and Barley
6000 BC Domestication of Cattle and Pigs
4400 BC Cultivation of maize
3500 BC Cultivation of Potato
2900 BC Plough was invented, Irrigated Farming Started
2300 BC Cultivated of chickpea, Cotton, Mustard
2200 BC Cultivation of rice
1500 BC Cultivation of Sugarcane
1000 BC Use of iron Plough
1500 AD Cultivation of orange, Brinjal, pomegranate
1600 AD Cultivation of Sweet Orange, sour orange, Wild brinjal,
Pomegranate. Introduction of Potato, Papaya (AFO-2018), tapioca,
tomato, Chillies, Groundnut, Tobacco, Rubber, American cotton.
WHAT IS CROP?
_________________
• A crop is a plant or plant product
that can be grown and harvested
for profit or subsistence.
• Ex- Cereal crop, Legume crop &
Fibre crop etc.
Classification
of crops
Based on Ontogeny (Life cycle)
ANNUAL BIENNIAL PERENNIAL
CROPS CROPS CROPS
Annual Plants Biennial Plants Perennial Plants
Annual plants Biennial plants are Perennial plants
complete their life planted in one year, grow strong year
cycle in one grow through the after year.
growing season. year, grow on and
flower during the
next year.
Annual crops
• Crop plants that complete life cycle within a season or
year is known as annual crops.
• They produce seed and die within the season.
Examples of Annual Crops
• Rice, Maize, Mustard, Sorghum, Soya-beans,
Guinea corn, Cowpea, Yam, Sweet potato,
Cotton, Tomato, Beans, Watermelons, Wheat,
Lettuce, Peas, Groundnut, Cassava, Green
vegetables etc.
Lettuce Cotton Tomato Cowpea
Mustard Sweet Potato Maize Wheat
Biennial Crops
• Plants that have life span of two consecutive seasons or
years.
• First years/ season, these plants have purely vegetative
growth usually confined to rosette of leaves. The tap
root is often fleshy and serves as a food storage organ.
• During the second year / season, they produce flower
stocks from the crown and after producing seeds the
plants die.
Beet Root Cabbage Carrot Onion
Biennial
crops
Sugarcane Sugar beet
Perennial crops
• They live for three or more years.
• They may be seed bearing or non-seed bearing.
Napier Grass Coconut Banana
Perennial
crops
Mango