Elard Julien 21/02/08

Beauvais Jean-François
Arondel Olivier

TP ELECTROTECHNIQUE
ASYNCHRONOUS MOTOR

1 Empty test.......................................................................................................... 3
1.1 Measures ...................................................................................................................... 3
1.1.1 Method used ................................................................................................. 3
1.1.2 Results ............................................................................................................. 3
1.2 Calculations
1.3 Vacuum motor characteristic curves................................................................. 4
2 Short circuit test.................................................................................................................... 7
2.1 Measures ...................................................................................................................... 7
2.1.1 Method used ................................................................................................. 7
2.1.2 Results ............................................................................................................. 7
2.2 Calculations................................................................................................. 7
2.3 Motor characteristic curves in short-circuit.................................................. 8
3 Charging test................................................................................................................... 9
3.1 Measures ...................................................................................................................... 9
3.1.1 Method used ................................................................................................. 9
3.1.2 Results ............................................................................................................. 9
3.2 Calculations........................................................................................................................ 9
3.3 Characteristic curves of the engine under load......................................................... 10
4 Resistance measurement between phases.................................................................................... 14
Introduction
The asynchronous motor consists of a stator and a rotor. The stator is powered by a
external power supply (EDF or an inverter). When it is connected to the EDF, it is subject to the
frequency 50Hz. If one wants to use it at another frequency, one must use an inverter.
(variator) to choose the frequency. After regulating the speed, it is possible to choose the
couple with current sensors, the motor is thus regulated in speed and torque.

The engine nameplate indicates the value of the voltage to be applied between
phases. In our case, it supports 230V between phases. It must then be coupled in a triangle.

In our case, the motor is powered by the EDF network, so the rotating field in the
60*f60*50
stator rotates at speed Ns= = 1500tr/min. This value is taken into account
p 2
in the slip calculations.
 1 Empty Test
1.1 Measures
1.1.1 Method used
To take the measurements, the two wattmeter method is used, one connected between the phase
1 and 3 and the other connected between phase 2 and 3. The wattmeters indicate the voltage between
phases, the current in a phase and the total power absorbed. The total power absorbed
is the sum of the 2 powers indicated by the 2 wattmeters. For the speed measurement of
Rotor rotation, we use the digital or manual tachometer. The tachometer displays
directly the speed. To use the manual tachometer, one must aim the rotor with the laser
the speedometer and it shows us the speed.

1.1.2 Results
U1 (V) Pabs (W) I1 (A) No (tr/mn)
230 136 2.9 1425
210 110 2.45 1425
190 91 2.1 1424
170 77 1.85 1424
150 68 1.6 1422
130 60 1.39 1422
110 52 1.19 1421
90 47 1 1420
70 42 0.86 1420
50 32 0.77 NC

1.2 Calculations
? r (rad/s) Active current Ia (A) Reactive current Ir (A) cos(α) Slip g
149,225651 0.341 2,880 0.118 0.050
149,225651 0.302 2,431 0.123 0.050
149,1209313 0.277 2,082 0.132 0.051
149,1209313 0.262 1,831 0.141 0.051
148.9114918 0.262 1,578 0.164 0.052
148,9114918 0.266 1,364 0.192 0.052
148,806772 0.273 1,158 0.229 0.053
148.7020523 0.302 0.953 0.302 0.053
148.7020523 0.346 0.787 0.403 0.053
NC 0,370 0.676 0.480 NC

In the video, we can see that the sliding is very slight because there is no load. Theoretically,
this should be null but in practice, the engine is coupled to an MCC so it drives
still the rotor of the MCC.
The slip implies that the actual speed of the motor is different from the speed of
synchronism. It can be observed that despite the load, the motor is subjected to a low
couple and therefore it quickly reaches its maximum speed.
 1.3 Characteristic curves of the vacuum motor
Current characteristic I = f(U1)

3.5

2.5

1.5

0,5

0
0 50 100 150 200 250
Phase tension (V)

Active current characteristic Ia=f(U1)

0.400

0.350

0.300

0.250

0.200

0.150

0.100

0.050

0,000
0 50 100 150 200 250
Phase voltage (V)

Pabs
Reminder: Ia = =f(U1)
U1 3
 Reactive current characteristic Ir=f(U)

3,500

3,000

2,500

2,000

1,500

1,000

0,500

0,000
0 50 100 150 200 250
Phase tension (U)

Recall: Ir = I1² - Ia² = f(U1).

The active current is used to provide active power to the motor and thus make it rotate.
On the other hand, reactive current is used for winding the motor.

Power factor characteristic cos(phi) = f(U1)

0.600

0.500

0,400

0.300

0.200

0,100

0.000
0 50 100 150 200 250
Tension between phases U1

Pabs
Reminder: Cosφ= = f(U1)
3U1I1
 Slip characteristic g=f(U1)

0.060

0.050

0.040

0.030

0.020

0.010

0.000
0 50 100 150 200 250
Tension between phases U1

Ωs− Ωr
Reminder: g = = f(U1)
Ωs
Characteristic Pabs=f(U1)

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0
0 50 100 150 200 250
Voltage between phases U1 (V)
 2 Short-circuit test
2.1 Measures
2.1.1 Method used
The method of the 2 wattmeters described in 1.1.1 is still used. However, to simulate the
short circuit, we manually block the motor. When the voltage between phases is too low, the
the rotor does not turn (<60V approximately). The moment the rotor begins to turn, it may
that there is a high current peak for a short moment (inrush current). This peak is
difficult to measure given its short timeframe.

2.1.2 Results
U1cc (V) Pabs (W) Icc (A)
30 82 3.05
40 150 4.3
50 236 5.7
60 334 7,03
70 460 8.56
80 578 9.8
100 904 12.5

2.2 Calculations
cos(α)
0.517
0.504
0.478
0.457
0.443
0.426
0.418
 2.3 Characteristic curves of the motor in short-circuit
Short-circuit current characteristic Icc=f(Ucc)

14

12

10

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Phase tension Ucc (V)

Power factor characteristic cos(phi) = f(Ucc)

0.600

0.500

0,400

0.300

0,200

0,100

0.000
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Short-circuit voltage Ucc (V)

Pabs
Reminder: Cosφ= = f(Ucc)
3UccIcc
 Power characteristic Pcc=f(Ucc)

1000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Short-circuit voltage Ucc (V)

3 Test in charge
3.1 Measures
3.1.1 Method used
For the voltage measurements between phases, absorbed power, and current in one phase, we
utilise encore la méthode des 2 wattmètres. Pour la mesure de vitesse, on utilise le tachymètre
digital or manual.

3.1.2 Results
Pabs (W) I1 (A) No (tr/mn) C (N/m)
0 2.9 1424 0
200 3.06 1415 2.7
400 3.5 1406 4.6
600 4.01 1398 6,3
800 4.64 1389 7.9
1000 5.29 1379 9,4
1200 5.9 1370 11,7

3.2 Calculations
? r (rad/s) Puissance Utile Pu (W) Courant actif Ia (A) Reactive current Ir (A) cos(α) Glissement g Rendement n
149,1209313 0.000 0.000 2,900 0.000 0,051 #DIV/0!
148,1784535 400,082 0.502 3,019 0.164 0.057 -2.000409122
147,2359757 677,285 1,004 3,353 0.287 0.063 -1.693213721
146.3982177 922,309 1,506 3,716 0.376 0.068 -1.537181285
145,4557399 1149,100 2,008 4,183 0.433 0.074 -1.436375431
144.4085423 1357,440 2,510 4,656 0.475 0.081 -1.357440298
143.4660645 1678,553 3,012 5,073 0.511 0.087 -1.398794129
 3.3 Characteristic curves of the engine under load
Characteristic of current I1=f(Pabs)

0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
Absorbed power Pabs (W)

Active current characteristic Ia=f(Pabs)

3,500

3,000

2,500

2,000

1,500

1,000

0.500

0.000
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
Consumed power Pabs (W)

Pabs
Reminder: Ia=
3U1
 Reactive current characteristic Ir=f(Pabs)

6,000

5,000

4,000

3,000

2,000

1,000

0.000
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
Absorbed power Pabs (W)

Reminder: Ir = I1² - Ia²

Power factor characteristic cos(phi)=f(Pabs)

0,600

0.500

0.400

0.300

0.200

0,100

0.000
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
Absorbed power Pabs (W)

Reminder: Cosφ= f(Pabs)

0,100

0.090

0.080

0.070

0.060

0.050

0.040

0.030

0.020

0.010

0.000
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
Consumed power (Pabs)

Reminder: g = f(Pabs)
Couple characteristic Cu=f(Nr)

14

12

10

0
1360 1370 1380 1390 1400 1410 1420 1430
Rotor speed Nr (rpm)

Pu Pu Pu
Reminder: Cu= = =
ωrotor2ΠNrotor2P(1−g)N s
 Couple characteristic Cu = f(Pabs)

14

12

10

0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
Absorbed power Pabs (W)

Performance characteristic n

0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

-0.5

-1

-1.5

-2

-2,5
Absorbed power Pabs (W)

Pu 1.03P.L.N
Reminder: η = - =
P(abs) P(abs)
 4 Measurement of resistance between phases

The pure resistance of the measured coils is 0.5Ω which is consistent as it is only a
copper wire.

CONCLUSION :

This engine is widely used in the industry because it is a maintenance-free engine.

In addition, these engines are widely used for applications requiring a variation of
couple or speed by associating them with variators.