Syllabus:

- Introduction: Description of the problem,

motivation for your study, brief overview
historical.

-Lagrangian Development of the problem

circular restricted three-body problem.
Deduction of the 5 points of Lagrange.

The 5 points of Lagrange, applications

practices.
Newton introduced the problem of the
N bodies
17th Century

General statement and

resolution of the case n = 2
The thorough study of begins
three-body problem:
Lagrange
Eighteenth Century

The three-body problem

Exact solutions (Lagrange)

General solutions (Delaunay)

The stability of the solar system
Seven-body problem

Newton already warned of the no

accuracy. (Of the motion of bodies in
Gyre
Henri Poincaré: the emergence of
Chaos

19th Century

Three-body problem: the

genesis of chaos.
Our approach: The CRTBP

From my mathematical curiosity to

discovery of asteroids
Jupiter's Trojans.
The CR3BP
The standardized system of
coordinates
We will assume: m1>m2
Unit of mass: m1 +m2
Unit of length: r12
Time unit such that T = 2π and by
thus the angular frequency is ω=1
- G=1
m 2
Mass parameter: µ=
m1 +m 2
m 2 =µ 2 =µ y m 1 =µ= 1 1 −µ
Mobile reference system
X cost − sin t 0 x x
Y = sin t cost 0 y = At y
Z 0 0 1 z z

The primaries:

( x,y1,z 1 1 ) = (− µ2 0, 0 ) y ( x 2 ,y 2 ,z 2 ) =µ, ( 0,1 0 )

 Lagrangian in the mobile system
Deriving the X
 x x x − y
change of
coordinates: Y
 = A t y + A t y = A t y + x

Z
 z z z

We get the
1
L 3 = µ 3 ( x − y
2
( ) 2
+ ( y + x ) 2
+ z 2
) +
µ3µ1 µ3µ 2
r1
+
r2
Lagrangian:

Where:

r 2 = ( x +µ )2 2 + y 2 + z 2
1

r 2 2 = ( x −µ )1 + y 2 + z 2
2

Dividing: L =
L3
µ
=
1
2
(( x − y ) 2
+ ( y + x )2 + z 2
) + µr 1
+
µ2
r2
3
1
Equations of motion
L =
1
2
(( x − y ) 2
( y + x ) + z 2
)− U ( x,y,z )
d
From the equations ( x − y ) = y + x − U x
from Euler-Lagrange: dt
d
d ∂L ∂L ( y + x ) = − ( x − y ) − U y
= dt
dt ∂ q i ∂q i d
z = − U z
dt
Introducing the 1 2
Effective Potential: U ( x,y ) = −
2
(
x + y 2
) + U ( x,y,z )

We obtain: x − 2y  = - U x

 y + 2x  = - U y
To simplify we will take: z = z = 0
z = − U z
 Location of the equilibrium points
And we obtain: x − 2y  = − U x

 y + 2x  = - U y

x = v x
We can rewrite the
equations of motion
y = v y
how:
v x = 2v y −U x

v y = -2v x −U y

Equilibrium points of the form: ( x e ,y e ,0,0 ) with x e ,y e

critical points of the effective potential.

 Equilateral points: L4 y L5
Starting from:r 1 y r 2 the relationship can be obtained:

x 2
+ y 2
= (1 −µ)r +µ 2
1
r 2 2 −µ (1 −µ )

Substituting in the effective potential:

1
U ( x,y ) = − ( x 2 + y 2 ) + U ( x,y,z )
2

We obtain:

−U ( r 1,r 2 ) = 1 (1 −µ ) r +µ2 r 22 +
1 −µ
+
µ
2 1 r r2
1

It can be demonstrated by the Rule of the

that

y ≠ 0 Critical pointsU ( r ,r
1 2 ) = Critical points U ( x,y )
Equilateral points: L4 y L5
Solving the system: µ
µr2 − = −U r = 0
r 22 1

(1 −µ ) r1 − (1 −µ2 ) = −U r2 = 0
r2

It is obtained:
r1 = r 2 = 1
Collinear Points: L
1 ,L 2 y L3
For these: y = 0

El potencial efectivo es (en funcion de x,y):

1 2 1 −µ µ
U ( x, 0 ) = − x − −
2 x +µ x − 1 +µ
And it follows:
x → ± ∞
U ( x, 0 ) → − ∞, s i x → − µ
x → 1 −µ
Furthermore:

d 2U 1 −µ µ
2
( x, 0 ) = − 1 − 3
− 3
< 0
dx x +µ x − 1 +µ
Collinear Points: L
1 L 2 y L3
Then there is a critical point in each of
the intervals:
i) ( − ∞ , −µ )
i i )-µ,( 1-µ )
(
i i i ) 1−µ ,∞)
Respectively they are:L 3 ,L 1 y L2
Deriving U ( x, 0 ) we obtain:

x −
(1 −µ)( x +µ ) − µ (x − 1 +µ )= 0
3 3
x +µ x − 1 +µ
 Collinear Points: L
1 ,L 2 y L3
Replacing and doing calculations for, by
example L,
3
is obtained:
5 4 3 2
x +ax +bx +cL +dL +e = 0
Where:
a = 2 ( 2 µ− 1 )
b = (1 −µ )2 − 4 µ (1 −µ ) +µ 2

c = 2 µ (1 −µ) (1 − 2 µ )+1
2

d =µ 2
(1 −µ )2 (
+ 2 µ−2 (1 −µ )2 )
e = (1 −µ )3 +µ 3

Analogous equations for L and

1
L 2

The resolution is generally numeric, not

analytical.
 The point L1

Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO)

it is parked in L (Earth-Sun)
1

Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) orbit

L1(Earth-Sun)
 The point L2

The Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe

(WMAP) is parked at L (Earth-Sun)
2

The point L2(Earth-Moon) would be a good place

for a satellite that would monitor the dark side
from the moon.
 The point L3

This point is not suitable for placing satellites anymore.

that is always eclipsed by the sun.

The point has been used in science fiction in

films (the man from planet X).

The point is very unstable due to influence

gravitational of other planets. (Venus)
 The points L4y L5

Greeks and Trojans

Relationship of masses and stability

End