Unit Weight and Air Content of Concrete
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ScribdTranslationsUnit Weight and Air Content of Concrete
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ScribdTranslationsUNIT WEIGHT, YIELD AND AIR CONTENT (GRAVIMETRIC) OF
CONCRETE
U.P.E.A. - CIVIL ENGINEER
UNIT PRICE, YIELD AND CONTENT OF
AIR (GRAVIMETRIC) OF CONCRETE
1. INTRODUCTION:
This method allows the determination of the weight per cubic meter of concrete
fresh, and provides formulas for calculating yield, cement content and
air content of concrete.
The performance is defined as the volume of concrete produced from a
mix of known quantities of the component materials.
[Link]:
GENERAL OBJECTIVE:
This method covers the determination of the apparent density of
freshly mixed concrete and provides formulas to calculate the
concrete performance. The performance is defined as the volume of the
concrete produced by a mixture of known quantities of the
materials that compose it.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE:
This essay establishes the procedures to determine the unit weight,
volume produced and air content of concrete by gravimetric method.
The values must be considered separately as standards.
The values in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore,
each system must be used independently
3. THEORETICAL FOUNDATION:
Cited documents:
Standards (ASTM)
ASTM C 31 practice for the preparation and curing of specimens
concrete test of the work.
UNIT WEIGHT, YIELD AND AIR CONTENT (GRAVIMETRIC) OF
CONCRETE
U.P.E.A. – CIVIL ENGINEERING
ASTM C 138 testing method. Determination of density
apparent (unit weight) yield (volume of concrete)
produced) and air content (gravimetric) of the concrete.
ASTM C 143 test method. Determination of slump of
concrete. Concrete settlement.
ASTM C 172 practice of sampling freshly mixed concrete.
ASTM C 173 testing method. Determination of hydraulic concrete
recently mixed by the volumetric method.
ASTM C 192 practice for the preparation and curing of specimens of
concrete testing in the laboratory.
4. MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT:
Scale.-With an accuracy of 0.1 lb. (45g) or within 0.3% of the load of
test. (Par. 4.1)
Rod.- It must be straight, made of steel, 5/8 inch (16 mm) in diameter and
approximately 24 inches (600 mm) in length, the end of the bar terminal
on a rounded hemispherical tip with a diameter of 5/8 inch. (Par. 4.2)
Internal vibrator.- Internal vibrators can be rigid or flexible,
preferably driven by electric motors. The frequency of vibration
it must be 7000 vibrations per minute or more while in use. The diameter
The external or lateral dimension of the vibrating element will be at least 0.75
inches (19mm) and no greater than 1.50 inches (38 mm). The length of the element
it will be at least 24 inches (600 mm). (paragraph 4.3)
Container.- It must be cylindrical, made of steel or other
metal. The minimum capacity of the container is
will be determined according to the nominal size
maximum of the aggregate, specified in table 1
All measures, except the measures of the
containers, air gauges, which are
used in the ASTM C 138 tests must
to be in compliance with the requirements of the
ASTM C 29 testing method. When the
UNIT WEIGHT, YIELD AND AIR CONTENT (GRAVIMETRIC) OF
CONCRETE
U.P.E.A. – CIVIL ENGINEERING
measurements of the air containers or meters are used, these
must meet the requirements of the ASTM C 231 test method. (Par.
4.4).
Plate for leveling.-A flat rectangular metal plate, at least ¼
a thickness of 1/4 inch (6mm) or an acrylic sheet with a thickness of at least ½
inch (12 mm), with a length and width of at least 2 inches (50 mm)
more than the diameter of the container. The edges of the plate will be straight and smooth
within a tolerance of 1/16 inches (2mm). (Par. 4.5).
Rubber mallet.- With a weight of 1.25 ± 0.50 lb. (600 ± 200 g) for use with the
molds of 0.5 ft³ (14 L) or smaller, and a mallet with a mass of 2.25 ± 0.50
lb. (1000 ± 200 g) for use with molds larger than 0.5 ft³. (Par. 4.6).
5. PROCEDURE:
1. Established the selection of the concrete consolidation method in the test of
recovery, unless the test has specifications under which it
It must be done. The consolidation method can be by rodding and vibration.
internal. Concrete is vibrated with a slump greater than 3 inches (75 mm). Vibrate
to vibrate concrete with a slump of 1 to 3 inches (25 mm to 75 mm).
Consolidate concrete with a slump of less than 1 inch (25 mm) by vibration.
Determine the mass of the empty measuring container (lb. or kg.).
2. Place the concrete inside the container, in layers of approximately
equal volume (compaction by rodding).
3. Compact each layer by penetrating 25 times with the rod.
in containers of 0.5 ft³ (14 L) or smaller and 50 times
for 1 ft³ (28 L) containers.
4. Compact the bottom layer throughout its thickness, without
impact at the bottom of the container.
5. Compactar la segunda ytercera capa entodo su
thickness, penetrating 1 inch (25mm) into the previous layer.
Fill the third layer while maintaining an excess
approximately 3 mm (1/8 inch).
6. Distribute the penetrations evenly throughout the cross section of the
container, in each of the ballast layers.
UNITARY WEIGHT, YIELD AND AIR CONTENT (GRAVIMETRIC) OF
CONCRETE
U.P.E.A. - CIVIL ENGINEERING
7. Firmly hit the sides 10 to 15 times.
container with the mallet, each of the ballast layers, in order to
fill the voids and remove the air bubbles that could
get trapped in the concrete.
8. Internal vibration.-Fill and vibrate the container in two
layers of approximately equal volume. Place all the concrete of each layer
inside the mold before starting to vibrate the layer, in vibration of the
the first layer should avoid touching the inside or the edges of the mold. In the
compaction of the second layer the vibrator must penetrate the previous layer in
approximately 1 inch (25 mm). The duration of the vibration depends on the
workability of concrete and the effectiveness of the vibrator.
The over-vibration could cause segregation of the materials.
9. Retrieve any excess of concrete
using a trowel or spoon, or adding a small
amount of concrete, to correct any deficiency
after compacting the last layer.
10. After the consolidation, level the concrete with a
smoothing plate to obtain a smooth surface. The
the leveling will be done better by pressing the leveler
against the surface of the concrete of the container and it should
cover two-thirds of the surface and then
relevel the entire upper surface again
container.
11. Clean all excess concrete from the outside of the container and determine the
concrete mass of the filled container, in kg.
12. Calculate the net mass (lb. or kg.).
13. Calculate the density of concrete (lb./ft³ or kg/m³)
14. Record the test result appropriately.
UNIT WEIGHT, YIELD AND AIR CONTENT (GRAVIMETRIC) OF
CONCRETE
U.P.E.A. – CIVIL ENGINEERING
6. CALCULATIONS:
Density (Unit weight). -Calculate the density (D) by dividing the net mass of concrete
for the volume of the mold (Vm). Calculate the net mass of the concrete (lb or kg) by subtracting the
mass of the empty mold (Mm) from the mass of the mold filled with concrete (Mc) as follows:
Pw
Vm=
PUwater
PH
PU=
Vm
Where:
Vm = volumen de la medida (calibrada), m³
Pw = peso requerido del agua, para llenar la medida, kg
PUagua = peso unitario del agua, kg/ m³
PU = unit weight of concrete, kg/m³
PH = weight of the concrete contained in the measure, kg
Performance.-Calculate the performance as follows:Write the equation here.
Pv
R=
PU
Produced volume (yield): volume of concrete produced by mixing known
the quantity of the integrated materials.
Relative performance - relative performance is the portion of the actual volume of concrete
R
obtained from the designed volume for the batch. Rr=
Rd
Cement content.
Cr
C=
R
Content of air.
Pt
P=
Vm
UNIT WEIGHT, YIELD AND AIR CONTENT (GRAVIMETRIC) OF
CONCRETE
U.P.E.A. – CIVIL ENGINEERING
P−PU
%A= ∗100
P
R−Vm
%= ∗100
R
Where:
Pt= pesoteórico del hormigón calculado libre del aire, kg/ m³
Vm = total absolute volume of the component ingredients in the mixture, m³
%A = contenido del aire, %
Container capacity:
The capacity of the container is given in relation to the maximum nominal size according to the
next table.
DATA OBTAINED FROM THE LABORATORY
Weigh the container 3.680 kg
Weight of container + sample 17.335 kg
Sample weight 12.848 kg
Diameter 15.33 cm
UNITARY WEIGHT, YIELD AND AIR CONTENT (GRAVIMETRIC) OF
CONCRETE
U.P.E.A. – CIVIL ENGINEERING
Height 30.425 cm
Date 31-05-2019
hour 15:40
Material Peso (kg) Volume, l
Added water 17
Cement 31
Record 71
Arena 51
TOTAL 170
Density (Unit weight).
17
Vm= =4.722[cc]
3.6
12.848
PU= =2.721[kg/m³]
4.722
Performance.
170
R=
2.721
=¿ 62.477 [m³]
Relative performance
62.477
Rr= =10412.83
0.006
Cement content.
Cr
C=
R
UNIT WEIGHT, YIELD AND AIR CONTENT (GRAVIMETRIC) OF
CONCRETE
U.P.E.A. – CIVIL ENGINEER
Air content.
Pt
P=
Vm
P−PU
%= ∗100
P
R−Vm
%A= ∗100
R
7. CONCLUSIONES:
This method covers the determination of the apparent density of concrete.
recently blended and provides formulas to calculate the yield of
concrete, the cement content and the air content of the concrete.
This method consists of introducing a round bar of 16 mm of
diameter with rounded tip.
The yield is like the volume of concrete produced with a mix.
of known quantities of the materials that compose it.
8. RECOMMENDATIONS:
The values expressed, whether in inch-pounds or SI units, must be
considered separately as standards.
The values expressed in each system may not be exact equivalents each
the system must be used independently of each other. The unit weight is
a prior terminology that was used to describe the determined properties
through this testing method.
9. BIBLIOGRAPHY:
Laboratory testing guide (Ing. Fernando Cerruto)
[Link]/concrete
Guía de Tecnología del Hormigón., UAJMS, FCYT, Tarija, Bolivia, 2013.
Reinforced Concrete by Jiménez M, 2009
UNIT WEIGHT, YIELD AND AIR CONTENT (GRAVIMETRIC) OF
CONCRETE
U.P.E.A. – CIVIL ENGINEERING
[Link]:
UNIT WEIGHT, YIELD AND AIR CONTENT (GRAVIMETRIC) OF
CONCRETE
U.P.E.A. – CIVIL ENGINEERING
UNIT WEIGHT, YIELD, AND AIR CONTENT (GRAVIMETRIC) OF
CONCRETE