Standing Waves and Frequency Calculations
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ScribdTranslationsStanding Waves and Frequency Calculations
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ScribdTranslations1.
(Efomm 2017) An ideal string is tied to a tuning fork that vibrates with
frequency f1 and prey to a mass body 2.5 kg, according to figure 1. A
the stationary wave that forms has 6 bellies that form 3.0 m of
length.
A tuning fork of frequency f2 it is set to vibrate at the edge of a tube with water,
according to figure 2.
The water level decreases and, at 42.5 cm, the first increase occurs.
of sound intensity. Disregarding friction and considering the ideal pulley,
the ratio between the frequenciesf2 e f1 is approximately:
Given: linear density of the rope 250 g
a)2.0
b)4.0
c)20.0
d) 40.0
e)60.0
Resposta:
[C]
For the frequency f,1 by Lagrange's equation:
n T 6 2.5 10
f1 f 1 10 Hz
2 μ 2 3 250 103
For frequency f, the2wavelength must be:
λ 2
42.5 10 λ 1.7m
4
Admitting vsom 340 m s, by the fundamental equation:
v some λ 2 f 340 1.7 f 2 f 200
2 Hz
Logo, the reason requested will be:
f2 200
r
f1 10
r 20
2. (Ufpr 2017) In a study on standing waves, a setup was made
in which a thin rope had one of its ends tied to a wall and
the other in a loudspeaker. It was checked that the length of the string, from
the wall to the speaker was 1.20m. The speaker was connected to a generator
of signals, in such a way that there was the formation of a standing wave when the
the generator emitted a wave with a frequency of 6 Hz, as shown in the figure.
next.
Based on this figure, determine, presenting the respective calculations:
a) The wavelength of the standing wave.
b) The speed of wave propagation in the string.
Answer:
a) Wavelengthλ :
The wavelength in the string is obtained by counting each wave.
complete in the figure relating to the total length of the rope.
1.20m
λ λ 0.40 m
3
b) Wave propagation speed in the string:
v λ f v 0.40 m 6Hz v 2.4 m/s
3. (Ufjf-pism 3 2017) Let us consider a string fixed at its ends and
subjected to a certain tension. If we excite a point of this string by means of a
any frequency vibrator or by the action of an external excitation, all the
the extension of the string starts to vibrate. This is what happens, for example, with the
strings of a guitar. There are certain excitation frequencies for which the
vibration amplitude is maximum. These natural frequencies of the string are
called normal modes of vibration. In addition, waves are formed.
stationary showing a pattern similar to that shown in figure 1a.
Based on this information, a student used the teaching laboratory of their
school and set up the following experiment: a rope has one of its
extremities attached to an electric tuning fork that oscillates at a constant frequency
and the other end goes through a pulley at the end of a table and is
press to a mass m hanging on the outside, as illustrated in the figure
1b.
a) In the first experiment, an electric tuning fork of frequency was used
constantf [Link]. [Link]
configuration obtained the oscillation pattern of the string forming 3 bellies,
according to figure 1b. In this first experiment, what is the speed of
wave propagation?
b) For a second tuning fork, of unknown frequency, a
experience varying the position of the tuning fork to obtain lengths L
different. For each value of it is possible
L to alter the mass to obtainMa
unique ventre. It is known that the speed of wave propagation can be
12
calculated by the expression V (T D) ,where T it is the tension in which the rope is
submitted and it Dis the linear density of mass of the rope. With these
information, he determined, for each length L, what the speed of
wave propagation on the string building a graph V, according to the graph
to follow.
Based on this graph, find the unknown frequency of the second.
tuning fork.
Response:
a) As three nodes are formed, the string is vibrating in the third harmonic.
So:
2L2 0.8 1.6
λ λ .
3 3 3
Applying the fundamental equation of wave theory:
1.6
v λf 150 v 80 m s.
3
b) Since only one antinode is formed, the string is vibrating in the harmonic.
fundamental, or first harmonic.
In the graph, it reads that for the speed of 75 m/s, the length of the string is
0.5m. Applying the expression that relates frequency, speed, and
length, one has:
v 75
f f 75 Hz.
2L2 0.5
4. (Naval School 2016) Analyze the figure below.
The figure above shows an assembly in which the block of mass 0.70 kg
held at the end of a vertical spring, oscillates around its position of
equilibrium. In the block, a very long rope is attached, stretched horizontally.
4
The linear density of the string is 1.6 10 kg m. After some time,
a transversal wave is established on the string whose equation is given by
y(x, t) 0.030 cos (2,0x 30t), where x e y are in meters and t in seconds.
Under these conditions, the spring constant of the spring, in N m, and the tension in the rope,
emmN, are, respectively:
157 e 144
b)210 e 36
c)210 e 160
d)630 e 36
e)630 e 144
Response:
Comparing the given equation y(x,t) 0.03 cos(2x 30t) with the formula of the equation
the onday(x,t) Acos(Kx ωt θ we have
0 to:
2π
K 2 K 2 λ πm
λ
2π π
ω 30 ω T s
T 15
For the system in MHS, being k the elastic constant of the spring, we must have:
m π 0.7 1 0.7
T 2π 2π
k 15 k 302 k
k 630 N
m
By the Taylor equation, being F the tensile force in the rope, we obtain:
F λ F π F F
v 15 2
4
μ T μ π 1.6 10
1.6 10 4
15
F 36 103 N 36 mN
5. (Ufrgs 2016) The figure below represents a stationary wave produced in
a rope of length L 50cm.
Knowing that the speed of wave propagation in this cord is
40m/s, the frequency of the wave is
a) 40Hz.
60Hz.
c) 80Hz.
d)100Hz.
120Hz.
Response:
[E]
For the stationary wave in question, we have:
3 2 1
L λ λ 0.5 m λ m
2 3 3
Knowing that the speed of the wave as a function of its frequency and its
wavelength is given by the equation:
v λ f
And using the given speed, the requested frequency is obtained.
1
v λ f 40 m / s m f f 120 Hz
3
6. (Ufpe 2011) The figure shows an assembly where an oscillator generates a
stationary wave that forms in a wire. The mass of a piece of 100 m
this wire is 20 g.
What is the speed of propagation of the waves that form the standing wave?
in m/s?
Resposta:
2
Dados:L = 100 m; m = 20g 2 10 kg; M = 128g 128 10 3 kg ; g 10 m/s 2 .
The linear density of the string is:
m2 10 2
2 104 g / m.
L 100
The tension force in the rope has the same intensity as the weight of the suspended body.
2
F Mg 128 10 3 10 F 128 10N.
The speed of wave propagation is given by the Taylor equation:
F 128 102
v 64 102
2 104
v 80 m/s.
7. (Udesc 2010) Determine the propagation speed of the wave for a wire of
steel of 80.0 cm in length and 200.0 g in mass, which is kept under tension
at the fixed ends. Stationary mechanical waves originate from this wire,
forming 5 (five) nodes, when excited by a wave source of 80.0 Hz.
Select the correct alternative in relation to the context.
16.0 m/s
25.6 m/s
32.0 m/s
12.8 m/s
8.0 m/s
Answer:
Observe a standing wave with 5 nodes.
2 80 40cm 0.4 m
V f 0.4 80 32m/s
8. (Mackenzie 1997) A string made of a material, whose linear density is 10
g/m, it is under tension caused by a force of 900 N. The fixed supports
distance of 90 cm. The string is made to vibrate transversely and it produces waves.
stationary, represented in the figure below. The frequency of the waves
components, whose superposition causes this vibration, is:
100 Hz
b) 200 Hz
c) 300 Hz
400 Hz
500 Hz
Answer:
[E]