Introduction

The present work is structured into an introduction, development, and conclusion, along with the details.
of a scientific work whose purpose is to address the rules of football. Because football is one of the
most practiced sports modalities by the majority of people around the world for purposes
recreational or competitive.

Linda Cipriano Bié, 1st Year 2018

 Objectives

This work has the following objectives

General

Encourage people to practice football.

Spread football as a sports modality.

Specific

Define football and its importance;

Mention the rules of the game of football.

Justification of the theme

The modality of football is participated in by many both as a means of entertainment, as

competition and/or recreation. Since ancient times, this modality has attracted a lot of people.
population in large matches at different levels of organization. To continue bringing
Great moments of celebration, it is necessary for the new generations to know their rules.

Linda Cipriano Bié, 1st Year 2018

 Literature review

Definitions

The word football comes from the English word football which means ball of the feet.

Football - a sport in which 22 players divided into two teams strive to score a goal.
ball in the opponent's goal area, without hand intervention, during a match divided into
two halves of 45 minutes each.

Brief history

Considered the most popular sport in the world.

The earliest activity resembling modern football dates back to the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC in China.

In the late Middle Ages in the British Isles, various types of games similar to football emerged.
In the second half of the 17th century, the first major unifications of football occurred.
As time went by, new football associations emerged beyond the English ones already in 1880.

The peak of football at a global level motivated the creation of FIFA on May 21, 1904.
the development of this modality had its friction with World War I and World War II.

It is currently practiced not only by men but also by women since 1892.

Football rules

Since the time of its discovery, this modality has had rules, some of which have been improved and
international recognition. There are a total of 17 internationally recognized rules.

In 1863, the first rules of football association were written. It was in that year thatEbezener Corb Morley,
secretary-general of the English Federation, wrote the“FA Minute Book”, what is almost consensually the moment
founder of modern football. This work marks the moment when football and rugby began to take their paths
different paths, to the point that today they are two completely distinct modalities.

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Rule 1: the playing field

Soccer field

The playing field must be rectangular, with a maximum of 120 m and a minimum of 90 m.
length, with a maximum width of 90 m and a minimum of 45 m. In international matches, these
medidas mudam para 110/100 m de comprimento e 75/64 m de largura.
It must be marked with visible lines no more than 12 cm wide, with the side lines being the most ...
long and short at the back. In each corner of the rectangle there should be a small flag at no
maximum 1.50 m in height.
The center of the field will be marked with a point, around which a circle will be drawn with
9.15 m in radius.
The small area will be marked by two lines perpendicular to the baseline, drawn 5.50 m from
each beam is advanced 5.50 m into the field, then joined by another line.
The large areathere will be similar lines, placed 16.50 m from each goal and advancing another 16.50 m
inside the field. This is also the area ofand the penalty,penalty to be charged from a point located 11 m away
from the center of the goal. From this point, arcs with a radius of 9.15 m will be drawn outside each penalty area.
ray.
In each corner, starting from the flag, arcs with a radius of 1 m should be drawn.
Beacons: NThe central part of each background line will have beams placed, separated from each other.
internally, by 7.32 m, joined at the top by a crossbar placed 2.44 m from the ground. These posts and
these crossbars must be white. The width or diameter of the beams and crossbars cannot be
exceed 12 cm, and on the outside of the field, they can be lined with nets. If used,
these nets must be fixed to the goals and on the ground behind the goal, provided that they are secured to
a convenient way that does not disturb the goalkeeper.

Rule 2: The ball

Soccer ball

The game ball must:

Spherical
Being drunk made others tough.
With a circumference no greater than 70 cm and no less than 68 cm;
With a weight not exceeding 450 g and not less than 410 g, at the start of the match;

Replacement of the defective ball: If the ball bursts or deforms during the game, play must be stopped.
game, and exchange the ball under the appropriate conditions, by a throw to the ground at the spot where it was located
the first ball at the moment it deteriorated, unless the game had been stopped inside the area
of the goal line, in this case the throw-in of the ball to the ground made on the goal area line parallel to the line of
marker, at the closest point to where the original ball was located when the game was interrupted. If
the ball bursts or deforms when it is not in play before the execution of a kick-off, goal kick, corner kick,
free kick, penalty kick or throw-in, the game starts accordingly.

Rule 3: the players

The match will be played by two teams made up of a maximum of 11 players and a minimum of 7. The match does not
it can be started if one of the teams has less than seven players, of which one will be the goalkeeper.

In official competitions organized by FIFA, the maximum number of substitutions in a game is three players.
the competition regulations must specify the number of substitutes - between a minimum of three and a maximum of seven - that
é possível designarem nessa qualidade. Em jogos de Seleções Nacionais "A" pode utilizar-se um máximo de seis
substitutes. In the other matches, it is possible to use a larger number of substitutes as long as there is an agreement.

Linda Cipriano Bié, 1st Year 2018

previously between the teams involved, regarding the maximum number of substitutions and the referee should be informed beforehand
from the beginning of the game.

The substitution of players only occurs with the referee's authorization and must take place off the playing field.
at the midfield line. The substitute player can only enter the field when the substituted player has already left. If the
substitution occurs irregularly, the referee must stop the match, order the player to leave who
entered irregularly and restarted the game with an indirect free kick. It is considered a completed substitution.
At the moment the substitute enters the field, the substituted player cannot play again in the match.
any game, the names of the substitutes must be included on the match sheet before the start of the game. Otherwise,
will not be able to participate, as he/she was not registered.

Goalkeepers can be substituted once, and on the second time, a defender enters by the referee's order.

Note: All substitutes are subject to the authority and decision of the referee, whether or not they are called to play.

Rule 4: players' equipment

Players cannot use any objects that are dangerous to themselves or others.
players (including any type of jewelry). The complete uniform consists of:

Short or long sleeve shirt

Shorts
Long Socks
Shin guards (appropriate material)
Studded soccer shoes
Wristbands

The color(s) of the shirts of the two teams must be different, so as not to confuse the audience or the ...
arbitration. Each goalkeeper (PT-PT) or goalie (PT-BR) must wear equipment of colors that distinguishes them
of the players, of the referee and of the assistant referees.

The color of the referees' shirts must be different from the colors of both teams' shirts, and each
a with its own number.

Rule 5: the central referee

Referee

Each match will be officiated by a referee, who will have the full authority to enforce the rules of the game.
departure for which it has been assigned.

The referee will control the match in cooperation with the assistant referees. He will interrupt, suspend, or end it.
the match when deemed appropriate, in the case of violations of the rules of the game.

The referee's decisions on facts related to the game are final.

The referee may change his decision only if he perceives that his decision is incorrect or, if he deems it necessary.
necessary according to the indication of another member of the arbitration quartet, whenever it has not yet been
restarted the game.

The complaint to the referee, regarding what he called, can cost you a dismissal if he feels offended.

Rule 6: Assistant referees

There are two assistant referees. They should be appointed to the two assistant referees, always subject to the decision.
of the referee and has the duty to indicate:

Linda Cipriano Bié, 1st Year 2018

 when the ball completely leaves the playing field
to which team does the throw-in belong or is it a goal kick or a corner kick
when a player should be punished for being in an offside position
when a replacement is requested
when an infraction or an incident occurs outside the referee's field of vision
when infractions occur where the assistant referees are closer to the action than the
referee (this includes, under certain circumstances, infractions committed within the penalty area)
when, in penalty kicks, the goalkeeper steps forward beyond the goal line before
the ball is kicked and if the ball crosses the goal line.

Rule 7: duration of the match

The match should last 90 minutes, divided into two halves of 45 minutes, with a break of no more than 15.
minutes.

The interval must not exceed 15 minutes. A game interrupted permanently before its end must be
repeated, unless otherwise provided in the competition regulations. All matches must be added
your added time, which varies from 2 to 4 minutes more than the normal 90 minutes of a football match.
It depends on the temporary condition of the game, if it is stopped for a long time due to a power outage,
fights, serious injuries that have difficulties in taking him off the field, the addition may be much more
elevated.

Rule 8: the start and restart of the game

To begin, a coin will be tossed and the team that wins will start giving direction to the game.
initial throw-in is a way to start and restart the game. If a foul or infraction occurs, the referee
will drop the ball in the place where it was when the match was interrupted and the game will be
considered restarted when the ball touches the ground.

Rule 9: the ball in play and out of play

The ball is out of play when:

Have completely surpassed one of the lines that delimit the field, whether by land or by air;
The game was interrupted by the referee.

The ball is in play when:

Rebound on the posts, crossbars or corner flags;

Argue with the referee or the assistants.

Rule 10: the goal

When a player kicks a ball towards their team's goal it isgoal againstwhat does it mean that the player scored a goal
by the opposing team (in favor of the opposing team). There is also the direct goal, where the player goes to the area and
kick the ball, and the indirect goal, where the player passes the ball to another, who scores.

Rule 11: the offside

Offside rule

The offside rule is better understood when we divide it into two parts: the offside position and the
marking of the irregularity.

Linda Cipriano Bié, 1st Year 2018

A player is in an offside position when four conditions are met:

This player is in the attacking field;

He is closer to the opponent's baseline than the ball itself.
He is closer to the opponent's baseline than the penultimate opponent - any
part of your body, trunk, head, or feet, except for the hands;
The teammate who directly passes you the ball is not taking a goal kick, a corner kick or
a throw-in.

However, the mere fact that a player is in an offside position does not imply the automatic signaling of
irregularity. The referee should only call an indirect free kick, stopping the game, at the moment the ball touches.
accidentally this player in an offside position, or at the moment when the ball is intended for him in a pass
directly, and only when in the opinion of the judge, one of the three conditions below is met:

The player in an offside position actively participates in the play: by receiving a pass or deflecting it.
the ball;
This player gains a direct advantage from the offside: by taking advantage of a rebound, if at the moment
the kick or header was advanced;
He directly hinders an opponent: by clearly obstructing their view, or by deceiving them with a feint.
of the body.

Rule 12: fouls and irregular conduct

If a foul is called, the referee's options are as follows:

Direct free kick

When a player delivers a 'sliding tackle' (a low blow in which the aggressor slides on the grass, with the
intention to kick the ball or the supporting leg of the player who has possession of the ball), or to apply a push,
a punch, a kick or any other type of aggression, if the referee believes that the player intended to
hurt the opponent.

Penalty

Será marcado toda vez que a falta ocorrer dentro da grande área.

Indirect free kick

It is always marked when a player exhibits unsportsmanlike conduct, such as hindering the progress of the game.
opponent, holding the ball with the hands for more than six seconds (in the case of the goalkeeper), touching with the hand outside the
area, among others.

Disciplinary sanctions

A player will be punished with a yellow card for assaulting an opposing team player, arguing with someone.
member of the other team or with the referee. If the same player receives two yellow cards in the same match,
will automatically receive a red card and be expelled from the game; however, if the referee deems it necessary, they may apply
a red card without having previously shown a yellow card.

Regulates direct and indirect free kicks. A direct free kick occurs when the player is allowed to shoot
in any direction without the help of another player. In the case of an indirect free kick, it is necessary that another
the player touches the ball for it to be considered in play. In both cases, the ball must be stationary to
that the referee authorizes the kick, the opposing players must be at least 9.15 m from the ball and the kick
it must be done at the location where the infraction occurred.

Linda Cipriano Bié, 1st Year 2018

The penalty is applied in most types of football, such as field football, futsal, indoor football,
football society, etc. The penalty that occurred during the match can be taken in two touches, as long as the ball is
roll forward and the second player to touch it is outside the area at the time of the kick. In the case of
decision of result by penalties that is not allowed.

The defending goalkeeper may not use strategies aimed at disrupting the kicker in order to
to gain psychological advantages during a penalty shootout.

What few people know is that when the penalty kick was introduced in 1891, the ball could be kicked from
any point 11 meters from the goal.

Rule 13: direct free kick

Both for indirect free kicks and for direct free kicks, the ball must be stationary when the kick is taken and the
the executor cannot play the ball again before it has touched another player.

Rule 14: Penalties

A penalty kick will be awarded against the team that commits one of the ten fouls that lead to a direct kick.
within its own penalty area while the ball is in play.

A goal can be scored directly from a penalty kick.

Additional time will be granted to execute a penalty shot at the end of each half or at the end of the
supplementary periods.

Position of the ball and the players:

The ball: will be placed at the penalty spot.

The executor of the firearm: must be duly identified.
The goalkeeper defender: must remain on their own goal line, in front of the penalty taker.
penalty, between the goal posts until the ball is in play.
The players, except for the player taking the shot, will be positioned: on the field; outside the penalty area; behind
from the penalty point;

at least 9.15 m from the penalty point.

The referee will not signal for the execution of the penalty kick until all players are in position.
placed in a position according to the Rule; will decide when a penalty kick has been completed.
Procedure: the player executing the penalty kick will kick the ball forward; they will not be able to play the ball again until
that it hasn't touched another player; the ball is in play at the moment it is kicked and if for
in motion.
When a penalty kick is taken during the normal course of a match or when the playing period
had been extended in the first half or at the end of the regulation time with the aim of launching or
To retake a penalty kick, a goal will be awarded if, before passing between the posts and below the
crossbar: the ball touching one or both posts, or the crossbar or the goalkeeper.

Contraventions/Sanctions:

If the referee signals to execute the penalty kick and, before the ball is in play, one of the
following situations:
The shooter who takes the shot violates the game rules: the referee will allow the play to continue; if the ball goes in
In the goal, the shot will be repeated; if the ball does not enter the goal, the shot will not be repeated.
The goalkeeper infringes the Rules of the Game: the referee will allow play to continue; if the ball enters the goal,
a goal will be awarded; if the ball does not enter the net, the shot will be repeated.

Linda Cipriano Bié, 1st Year 2018

 A companion of the executor of the shot penetrates the penal area or places themselves in front of the penal point or the
menos de 9,15 m do mesmo: o árbitro permitirá que continue a jogada; se a bola entra na meta, se
the shot will be repeated; if the ball does not enter the goal, the shot will not be repeated; if the ball rebounds off the goalkeeper, in
crossbar or on a goalpost and is touched by this player, the referee will interrupt the match and the
will restart with an indirect free kick in favor of the defending team.
A teammate of the goalkeeper enters the penalty area or positions himself in front of the penalty spot or less than
9.15 m: the referee will allow the play to continue; if the ball enters the goal, a goal will be awarded; if the
If the ball doesn't enter the goal, the shot will be repeated.
A player from the defending team and one from the attacking team violate the Rules of the game: a shot will be
repeated. If after a shot is fired: the shooter touches for the second time the
ball (except with your hands), before it has touched another player: a free kick will be granted
indirectly to the opposing team from the place where the foul was committed.
If the player intentionally touches the ball with their hands before it has touched another player:
a direct free kick will be awarded to the opposing team from the location where the foul occurred.
The ball touches any other object the moment it moves forward: the shot will be repeated.
The ball bounces into the goalkeeper's playing field, off the crossbar and posts, and then touches shortly after
any other object: the referee will interrupt the game; the game will restart with the ball on the ground from
place where the object touched.

Rule 15: throw-in

The lateral throw must be executed with the hands, always putting the ball back into play when it goes out.
the side lines. A goal cannot be scored directly from a throw-in. At the moment of the throw,
the player must be facing the field, with both feet on the sideline or on the ground outside of it
line and holding the ball with both hands and above the head.

Rule 16: Goal kick

Goal kick is one of the methods to restart the match. It must be taken by the defensive team when the
the ball completely leaves the field over the goal line without a goal being scored, having been touched
finally by an opposing attacking player.

A goal can be scored directly from a goal kick, but only against the opponent's side.
(that is, an own goal cannot be scored).

When the goalkeeper places the ball for the goal kick, the opponent cannot steal the ball, only
after the goalkeeper touches it.

Rule 17: the corner kick

A corner kick is one of the methods to restart the game. A corner is awarded when the ball goes out of play.
completely the goal line, whether on the ground or in the air, touched last by a player from
defensive team, without a goal being scored

Linda Cipriano Bié, 1st Year 2018

 Conclusion

With the present work, it can be concluded that football has nothing more than a sporting character where the
players demonstrate a capacity for concentration and team spirit, fulfilling the main
17 internationally accepted rules. And it can be practiced at different ages by labor groups, students,
associations, groups of friends and many others.

Linda Cipriano Bié, 1st Year 2018

 Bibliographic references

Hhh//[Link]
Hhh/[Link]
PARUQUE, Aalberto Samo and COSSA, Agostinho, Physical Education book for the 8th grade

class, Porto Editora, 2017

Linda Cipriano Bié, 1º Ano 2018