EXERCISE GUIDE 1

INTRODUCTION TO PROBABILITY
Permutations, combinations, sample space and events

A student who has not studied is randomly answering a true or false exam. If the exam
It consists of 20 questions, how many different ways can it be answered? R/ /1,048,576

2. A urn contains ten balls numbered from 0 to 9. Five are drawn, one after the other and without replacement.
restocking.
a) How many different ways can the extractions be done?
b) In how many of the arrangements obtained in the first part do we get only significant figures?
c) In how many of the arrangements obtained in the first item will an even number appear in the second and last position?
extraction?
d) In how many of the arrangements obtained in the first statement will the number five not appear and will appear a
odd number in the penultimate extraction?
e) In how many of the arrangements obtained in the first section will the number nine appear?
f) How many of the arrangements obtained in the second item are multiples of five?
R// a) 30,240; b) 27,216; c) 6,720; d) 6,720; e) 15,120; f) 5,712

3. To travel from Lima to Cusco, one can choose to go by airplane, bus, or train; there are four routes for the airplane,
five for the bus and three for the train. How many routes are there to travel? R// 12

4. In the figure A, B, C, and D are cities and each arrow is a road. If a person wants to travel, how many
how many ways can you choose a route? If you leave from 'A' to 'D' always passing through B and C without going back and then
return again to 'A' without going through the same path again. R// 870

B C D
A

5. With the numbers 3, 5, 6, 7, and 9

a) How many distinct products can be obtained by multiplying two of these numbers?
b) How many of them are multiples of 2?
c) How many distinct quotients can be obtained by dividing two of these numbers? R// a) 10 b) 4 c) 20

6. In how many different ways can 6 men and 6 women be formed?

a) without restrictions?
Shouldn't two men go together or two women together?
R// a) 479,001,600; b) 1,036,800

7. a) How many three-digit numbers can be formed with the digits 1, 2, 3, and 4 without repeating any?
b) How many end in 34?
c) How many will there be that are greater than 300? R// a) 24 b) 2 c)12
8. In a row there are 7 seats and 2 women and 5 men will sit down. In how many different ways can they do this?
happen in such a way that 1 man (any of the 5) sits between the two women? R// 1,200

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9. How many significant four-digit numbers greater than three thousand three hundred can be formed with 0,
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7?, without repetition?

10. Four couples of boyfriends bought eight seats in a row for a concert. How many ways
they can sit differently yes,
Are there no restrictions?
b) if each couple sits together?
c) if all the women sit together to the right of the men?

11. Four different books on mathematics, six different books on physics, and two different books on chemistry are placed in
a shelf.
a) How many different ways can you arrange them on the bookshelf?
b) How many different ways can you arrange them in your bookshelf, if the books of each subject must stay together?
together?
c) How many different ways can you arrange them on your bookshelf, if only the math ones must stay.
together?
d) How many different ways can you arrange them in your bookshelf, if the physics ones must not be together?

12. A cell divides into 2 every 15 minutes (mitosis). A cell is placed in a jar.
a) How many will there be after three hours?
b) After six and a half hours the jar is full. How many cells does the jar contain?
R// a) 4,096; b) 67,108,864

13. How many different arrangements can be made with the letters of the word Mississippi, taken all at once?
time?

14. How many arrangements can be made with the letters of the word TIMTEPINTEGORDE?
a) In total
The 'E's must be together
c) The 'I's occupy the ends R// a) 1.82x1010; b) 518,918,400; c) 172,972,800

15. On the signal mast of a ship, two red flags, three blue flags, and five green flags can be hoisted. How many
Different signals can be indicated by the placement of the ten flags?

16. How many distinct arrangements can be made with the letters of the word 'ENSEÑANZA'?
a) In total?
b) If the letters 'E, S, E' must go together in any order?
c) If it must start and end with N R// 45,360; b) 3,780; c) 1,260
17. A battalion is composed of three Mexicans, two Englishmen, four Frenchmen, and three Dutchmen. What about
cuántas maneras pueden acomodarse en una fila, tomando en cuenta únicamente las nacionalidades,
a) In total;
b) that a Mexican goes at the far right of the line;
c) that a Mexican goes to the right of the line and an Englishman at the far left;
d) that all those of the same nationality go together;
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e) that all those of the same nationality go together among themselves, but without a French person joining a Mexican?

18. In how many ways can seven people sit around a circular table, if three of the people
Do they insist on sitting together?

19. Around a tree, 6 children play forming a circle, every 2 minutes they form a different new circle.
to those already formed. How much time will pass before all possible ways of forming the circle are exhausted?
R// 4 hours

20. In how many different ways can 6 people be arranged for a committee meeting?
in line
b) In a line, if two people must stay together
c) Around a table
d) Around a table, if two people must always sit together

21. Around a circular table with 6 seats are located 2 girls and 3 boys. How many ways can they be arranged?
do it, should the empty seat stay between the girls? R// 12

Nine people are going to travel in three vehicles with capacities of 2, 4, and 5 people respectively.
How many different ways can one travel if the order in which they sit within each does not matter?
vehicle and all vehicles must have at least one person? R// 4,410

A lady wishes to invite 5 out of 11 friends to dinner.

a) How many ways does he/she have to invite them?
b) How many ways are there if among them is a couple of newlyweds who do not attend without each other?
c) How many ways does he have to invite them if Rafael and Arturo don't get along and do not go together?
R// a) 462 b) 210 c) 378

24. From 7 philosophers and 9 theologians, a committee of 3 philosophers and 4 theologians must be formed:
a) How many ways can it be done if everyone is eligible?
b) How many ways can it be done if a specific theologian must be on the committee?
c) In how many ways can it be done if two specific philosophers must not be together on the committee?

25. If there are fourteen students who wish to collaborate in a cleaning campaign:
a) How many cleaning groups can be formed if each is to consist of 5 students?
b) If among the fourteen there are 8 young ladies, how many groups will have three young ladies?
c) How many of the cleaning groups will consist of at least four gentlemen?
R// a) 2,002; b) 840; c) 126

26. A student has to answer 8 out of 10 questions on an exam,

a) How many different ways can he/she answer?
b) What if the first three are mandatory?
c) What if they have to answer four out of the first five?
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 R// a) 45; b) 21; c) 25

27. Let's assume I have a bunch of mint, strawberry, and pineapple candies, and I want to make
small bags of 5 candies each to share with my friends on my birthday. How many bags
What different things can I do? R// 21

28. A company has hired 15 new employees and must assign six to the morning shift, five to the
afternoon and four to the night. How many ways can the assignment be made? R// 630, 630

29. In how many ways can 12 different production orders be delivered among the coordinators of
production of the three shifts of a company, if for the first and second shifts, 5 orders will be assigned.
Will 2 orders be assigned for the third shift?

30. In the restaurant 'My Grandma', the menu includes three different dishes: an appetizer, a main course, and
a dessert. The starter can be carrot, pumpkin, or mushroom soup; the main dish can be chicken.
grilled meat, grilled beef, spinach lasagna, garlic shrimp or fried fish, and the dessert can be ice cream or fruit.
How many different menus does the restaurant have?

In a high school class, there are 5 girls and 10 boys.

a) How many ways can the teacher choose a group of three students?
b) How many groups will have at least one girl?
c) How many groups will there be with at most two children?
R// a) 455 b) 335 c) 335

32. At a meeting, 15 people attend and greet each other, how many greetings have occurred?
exchanged?

I have 4 different wine brands, how many packs of two bottles can I make?

34. How many quadrilaterals can be formed with the vertices of a regular pentagon?

35. If there are 15 students (10 girls and 5 boys) who wish to collaborate in an advertising campaign.
from your institution:
a) How many groups can be formed if it is desired that it consists of 7 students?
b) How many of the groups will have 4 young ladies?
c) How many of the groups will consist of at least 3 gentlemen?
36. Si A, B y C son sucesos, expresar las siguientes proposiciones haciendo uso de A, B y C.
At least one of the events occurs
Exactly one of the events occurs
c) Exactly how the events happen
d) No more than two events occur simultaneously
R// a) A B C (A Bc Cc) (Ac B Cc) (Ac Bc C)
(A B Cc) (A Bc C) (Ac B C) (A B C)c

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37. The Venn diagram in figure 1 contains three events. Reproduce the figure and shade the region that
corresponds to each of the following events:
a) Ac b) A B c) (A B) C d) (B C)c e) (A B)c C

Figure 1: Venn Diagram of Exercise 47

38. From a bag containing 10 chips numbered from 0 to 9, one is drawn at random.
a) Write the sample space of that random experiment
b) Escriba el espacio muestras de los sucesosA = “Mayor que 6”;B = “No obtener 6”yC = “Menor que 6”
c) Determine the sample space of the events A B, A B, Bc Ac

R// a) S = {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9} b) A = {7,8,9} ; B = {0,1,2,3,4,5,7,8,9} ; C = {0,1,2,3,4,5}

c) A B = {0,1,2,3,4,5,7,8,9} ; A B = {7,8,9} ; Bc Ac= {6}

A digital scale is used that rounds the weight to the nearest gram:

Sea A: the event in which the weight is greater than 11 grams

The event in which the weight is equal to or greater than 15 grams
C: the event in which the weight is greater than or equal to eight grams and less than 12 grams.

Draw a Venn diagram of the following events:

a) A B b) A B c) Ac d) A B C
e) (A C)c f) A B C g) Bc C h) A (B C)

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