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Understanding Controlled Sources in Electrotechnics

The document discusses controlled sources in electrical circuits, distinguishing between independent and dependent sources. Independent sources maintain constant voltage or current regardless of circuit conditions, while dependent sources' output is controlled by another variable in the circuit. It also covers the representation and conversion methods for both types of sources, along with steps to solve circuits involving dependent sources.

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22 views24 pages

Understanding Controlled Sources in Electrotechnics

The document discusses controlled sources in electrical circuits, distinguishing between independent and dependent sources. Independent sources maintain constant voltage or current regardless of circuit conditions, while dependent sources' output is controlled by another variable in the circuit. It also covers the representation and conversion methods for both types of sources, along with steps to solve circuits involving dependent sources.

Translated by

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© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Galileo University

Electrotechnics II
Members:

• Sergio David Montenegro González. Carné: 15009964


• Byron Enmanuel López Gonzalez. Carné: 08002932
• Sergio
• Pablo
• Alvin
Controlled Sources
Independents and codependents
Independent Sources

• Independent Voltage Sources: are those that maintain the


same voltage at its terminals, regardless of the amount of
current that flows through it.

• Independent Current Sources: are those that deliver the


same current flow, regardless of the voltage value between
its terminals.
Dependent Sources

• A dependent source is an element that provides a value of


tension or intensity controlled by another tension or intensity
existing in the circuit.

• They are those whose output value is proportional to the voltage or current in
another part of the circuit. The voltage or current they depend on is
calls CONTROL VARIABLE. The constant of proportionality is
denotes profit.
REPRESENTATION
Voltage dependent source

• A voltage-dependent source is a source in which the voltage between


its terminals is determined by a voltage or a current that exists in
another place of the circuit.
Current-dependent source

• A current-dependent source is a source in which the current


between its terminals, it is determined by a current or a voltage that
exists elsewhere in the circuit.
Dependent sources
• Voltage source controlled by voltage.

• Current-controlled current source


Dependent sources
• Current controlled voltage source.
ρ = resistance of
transfer or transresistance (Ω)

• Voltage-controlled current source.


transconductance (Ω)-1)
• Particular cases that allow for a clear simplification:
Voltage source controlled by its own current.

V = R I1It can be considered that the source is equivalent to a resistor with value R = ρ

Current source controlled by its own voltage.

I = V1In R, the source can be considered as a resistance of value


Font conversions

• When the methods that will be analyzed are applied, it could


it is required to convert a current source to a voltage source.
from a voltage to a source.
Font conversion
independents.

• In general, the format to convert a font-independent type into


another is as shown in figure 12.5.
Ejemplo 1:

• Convert the voltage source in figure 12.6(a) into


a current source.
Solution:
Example 2:
• Convert the current source in the following figure (a) into a source of
voltage.
Solution:
Conversion of dependent sources

• Example 3: Convert the voltage source of figure 12.8(a) into a source


of current.
Solution:
Conversion of dependent sources
• Example 4: Convert the current source in Figure 12.9(a) into a
voltage source.
Solution:
Steps to solve voltage sources
dependents
[Link] a different current in the direction of the clock hands to each closed loop.
independent from the network. It is not absolutely mandatory to select the direction of the
clock hands for each loop current, however, that eliminates the need to have
that chooses an address for each application. Any address can be chosen for each
loop current without loss of precision as long as the remaining steps are followed in the form
appropriate.
2. Indicate the polarities within each loop for each impedance as determined.
assumed loop current direction for that loop.
3. It is modified as follows: treat each dependent source as an independent source.
when applying Kirchhoff's voltage law to each independent loop. However, a
Once the equation is written, substitute it with the control quantity to ensure that the unknowns
are limited only to the chosen mesh currents.
4. Solve the resulting simultaneous linear equations for the assumed loop currents.
• EXAMPLE: Write the mesh currents for the network in the figure that has a dependent voltage source.
Solution.
steps 1 and 2 are defined in the figure
step 3

Then replace

The result is two equations and two unknowns.


Steps to solve current sources
dependent
Steps 1 and 2 are the same as those applied for voltage sources.
dependents.
2. Step 3 is modified as follows: the procedure is essentially the same.
that applied to the independent current sources, except that now
dependent sources must be defined in terms of the currents of
selected malls to ensure that the final equations have only
mesh currents like the unknown quantities.
Step 4 is not modified.
• EXAMPLE: Write the mesh currents for the circuit in the figure provided.
a dependent current source.
Solution. Steps 1 and 2 are defined in the diagram.
Step 3

The result is two equations and two unknowns.

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