GE 1102: READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY LESSON 3  These serve as moral and educational tools, reflecting Filipino  Description: Over

ing Filipino  Description: Over 2,000-year-old terraces built by the Ifugao using
wisdom and imagination. indigenous engineering and sustainable farming; symbolize harmony
FILIPINO CULTURAL HERITAGE 4. Music and Dance between people and nature.
 Cultural Heritage refers to the legacy of both tangible (physical) and  Indigenous music like kulintang ensemble, and folk dances such as
intangible (non-physical) elements inherited from our ancestors, preserved Tinikling, Singkil, and Cariñosa. 4. HISTORIC CITY OF VIGAN
in the present, and passed on to future generations.  These expressions show joy, resilience, and creativity, often  Location: Ilocos Sur
 Filipino Cultural Heritage reflects the collective identity, traditions, performed during festivals and rituals.  Type: Cultural
beliefs, arts, and achievements of the Filipino people, shaped by 5. Festivals and Religious Practices  Year Inscribed: 1999
centuries of indigenous creativity and foreign influences.  Major festivals include Sinulog (Cebu), Ati-Atihan (Aklan), Pahiyas  Description: The best-preserved Spanish colonial town in Asia; features a
(Lucban), and Panagbenga (Baguio). blend of Asian and European architecture, showing the Philippines' role as
COMPONENTS OF FILIPINO CULTURAL HERITAGE  Reflects the deep religiosity of Filipinos and their fusion of a trading center during colonial times.
A. TANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE indigenous and Catholic traditions.
These are physical, material objects or places that hold cultural significance. 6. Cuisine 5. PUERTO PRINCESA SUBTERRANEAN RIVER NATIONAL PARK
1. Historical Sites and Monuments  Filipino food, such as adobo, sinigang, kare-kare, lechon, lumpia, and  Location: Palawan
 Examples: Rizal Park, Intramuros, Corregidor, Barasoain Church, halo-halo, mirrors regional diversity and foreign influences  Type: Natural
and Fort Santiago. (Spanish, Chinese, American).  Year Inscribed: 1999
2. Architectural Heritage  Meals often represent family bonding and celebration.  Description: Known for its limestone karst landscape and an underground
 Examples: Bahay na Bato, churches like Paoay Church and Miag-ao river that flows directly into the sea; rich in biodiversity and geological
Church, and the Ifugao Rice Terraces. UNESCO AND FILIPINO CULTURAL HERITAGE formations.
 These structures show a blend of indigenous and colonial What is UNESCO?
architectural styles, reflecting adaptability and artistry.  UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural 6. MOUNT HAMIGUITAN RANGE WILDLIFE SANCTUARY
3. Cultural Artifacts Organization) was founded in 1945.  Location: Davao Oriental, Mindanao
 Examples: Traditional clothing (Barong Tagalog, Baro’t Saya),  Its mission includes preserving world heritage sites that have  Type: Natural
musical instruments (kulintang, kudyapi), and crafts (banig, pottery, outstanding universal value—either cultural, natural, or mixed.  Year Inscribed: 2014
weaving).  A place becomes a UNESCO World Heritage Site if it demonstrates  Description: Habitat of many endemic species such as the Philippine
 These symbolize regional identity and creativity, often made using historical, cultural, scientific, or natural significance and is legally eagle and pitcher plants; represents significant biodiversity conservation.
local materials and ancestral techniques. protected by international conventions.
4. Natural Heritage HISTORICAL INFLUENCES ON FILIPINO CULTURAL HERITAGE
 Examples: Tubbataha Reefs, Puerto Princesa Underground River, PHILIPPINE UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE SITES 1. Pre-Colonial Era
Mayon Volcano, Banaue Rice Terraces. The Philippines currently has six (6) UNESCO World Heritage Sites — a mix of  Existence of baybayin script, trade with neighboring Asian nations,
 These natural wonders are part of the Filipino heritage of cultural and natural heritage. and animistic beliefs.
stewardship and harmony with nature. 1. BAROQUE CHURCHES OF THE PHILIPPINES  Early Filipinos had structured communities (barangay) and rich
 Location: Ilocos Norte (Paoay), Ilocos Sur (Sta. Maria), Intramuros (San oral traditions.
B. INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE Agustin Church, Manila), Iloilo (Miag-ao Church) 2. Spanish Colonization (1565–1898)
These are non-physical aspects passed from one generation to another  Type: Cultural  Brought Christianity, education, and Western art and
1. Language  Year Inscribed: 1993 architecture.
 The Philippines has over 180 languages and dialects, with Filipino  Description: Built during the Spanish colonial period (16th–18th centuries);  Blended indigenous beliefs with Catholic traditions (e.g., fiestas and
and English as the official languages. showcases the fusion of European Baroque architecture with local patron saints).
 Language reflects diversity and unity, preserving cultural identity in materials and indigenous styles, reflecting Filipino adaptation to foreign 3. American Period (1898–1946)
each region. influences.  Introduced public education, English language, and democratic
2. Traditional Customs and Values ideals.
 Core Filipino values include: 2. TUBBATAHA REEFS NATURAL PARK  Influenced Filipino governance, literature, and popular culture.
 Bayanihan (Community spirit) – working together for the  Location: Sulu Sea, Palawan 4. Japanese Occupation (1942–1945)
common good.  Type: Natural  Fostered a renewed sense of nationalism and resistance
 Pakikipagkapwa-tao (Humanity) – treating others with respect  Year Inscribed: 1993 literature.
and compassion.  Description: A major marine biodiversity hotspot with over 600 fish 5. Contemporary Period
 Utang na loob (Debt of gratitude) – moral obligation to return species and 300 coral species; a protected sanctuary known for successful  The Philippines now embraces global modernization while striving
favors. conservation. to preserve its traditional values and heritage.
 Hiya (Sense of shame/modesty) – promotes social harmony.
 Paggalang (Respect) – especially toward elders and authority 3. RICE TERRACES OF THE PHILIPPINE CORDILLERAS
figures.  Location: Ifugao Province
 Type: Cultural
3. Oral Traditions and Folklore  Year Inscribed: 1995
 Examples: Epics (e.g., Biag ni Lam-ang, Hinilawod), riddles
(bugtong), proverbs (salawikain), and folk tales.