PED 211
ELEMENTS
OF ARTS
BY: GROUP 2
LET’S PLAY!
Sanggre
Stones of
Silliness: Pick
a Gem, Pick a
Problem!
The elements of art
is the artist's
essential toolkit,
filled with versatile
tools that bring
creations to life.
PRINCIPLE
of Art and Design
What is
Principle of Art and
Design?
The principles of art and design are
fundamental concepts that guide
how artists organize and arrange
the elements of art within a
composition. These principles help
create visually appealing and
effective artworks.
Balance refers to the
distribution of visual
weight in an artwork. It
creates a sense of stability
and equilibrium.
BALANCE
Emphasis is used to
create a focal point
in an artwork,
drawing the viewer's
eye to a specific
area.
EMPHASIS
Proportion refers to the relative
size and scale of elements
within a composition. It
involves creating a harmonious
relationship between different
parts of the artwork.
PROPORTION
Harmony is the principle of
creating a sense of unity and
coherence in an artwork by
using similar elements and
consistent visual traits.
HARMONY
Variety involves
incorporating different
elements and visual
interests to avoid
monotony and add
complexity to an
artwork.
VARIETY
Movement refers to the
way the viewer's eye is
guided through the
artwork.
MOVEMENT
Rhythm is the repetition of
visual elements to create a
sense of flow and movement.
It can be regular, alternating,
progressive, or flowing.
RHYTHM
VISUAL ARTS VS.
PERFORMING ARTS
VISUAL ARTS
Visual arts are art forms that
can be seen. They include works
like painting, drawing,
sculpture, photography, and
design. It focuses on creating
visual expressions using color,
line, shape, form, and texture.
VISUAL ARTS
ELEMENTS OF VISUAL
ARTS
• LINES
• COLORS
• TEXTURE
• PERSPECTIVE
• SPACE
• FORM
• VOLUME
LINES
LINES is the most basic
element of art. It is a
mark that has length and
direction. Lines can show
movement, emotion,
shape, and form in an
artwork.
1. Vertical Line – Goes up and down;
shows strength, stability, and balance.
2. Horizontal Line – Goes side to side;
shows rest, calmness, and peace.
3. Zigzag Line – Made of sharp angles;
shows energy, excitement, and
movement.
4. Diagonal Line – Slanted line; shows
action, motion, and direction.
5. Curved Line – Bent or rounded line;
shows softness, grace, and flow.
6. Implied Line – A line that is not really
drawn but suggested by objects,
colors, or shapes; guides the viewer’s
eye in the artwork.
COLORS
Color is produced
when light reflects on
an object and is seen
by the eye. It creates
mood, meaning, and
emotion in an
artwork.
1. Primary Colors (3) – These are the
base colors; they cannot be made by
mixing other colors.
Red Blue Yellow
2. Secondary Colors (3) – Made by
mixing two primary colors.
Orange (Red + Yellow) Green (Blue +
Yellow) Violet (Red + Blue)
3. Intermediate Colors (6) – Made by
mixing a primary color with a
neighboring secondary color.
Red-Orange Yellow-Orange Yellow-
Green Blue-Green Blue-Violet Red-
Violet
Properties of Color
1. Hue - The name of the color itself
(ex. red, blue, yellow). It tells us the
basic identity of a color.
2. Value - The lightness or darkness
of a color. Adding white makes a
tint, while adding black makes a
shade.
3. Intensity (or Saturation) - The
brightness or dullness of a color. A
color can look very vivid (bright) or
toned down (dull).
TEXTURE
Texture is how the
surface of an
object looks or
feels. It can be real
(actual) or
suggested
(implied) in an
artwork.
Categories of Texture
1. Tactile (Actual) Texture -
Texture you can really feel
by touching the surface.
2. Visual (Implied) Texture -
Texture you can only see
but not actually feel.
PERSPECTIVE
Perspective is the
technique of showing
depth and distance
in an artwork. It
makes flat drawings
or paintings look 3D
(three-dimensional)
and more realistic.
Linear Perspective
A drawing technique that uses lines
and vanishing points to create depth
and distance on a flat surface.
3 Types of Linear Perspective
1. One-Point Perspective – Uses 1
vanishing point (e.g., a road or hallway).
2. Two-Point Perspective – Uses 2
vanishing points (e.g., a corner of a
building).
3. Three-Point Perspective – Uses 3
vanishing points (e.g., looking up at a tall
skyscraper or looking down from above).
Aerial Perspective (Atmospheric
Perspective) - Shows depth using
color, value, and detail instead of
lines. Objects that are far away look
lighter, blurrier, and less detailed
than those up close.
Foreshortening Perspective - A
technique used to make an object
or body part look like it is coming
forward or going back in space.
Parts closer to the viewer.
SPACE
Space refers to the
area around,
between, or within
objects in an
artwork. It gives a
sense of depth,
distance, and
perspective.
Two Types of Space
1. Positive Space - The
main subject or object in
the artwork.
2. Negative Space - The
empty area around or
between the objects.
Open Space (Opening Space)
-Open space in art means a
wide, empty, or uncluttered
area in an artwork. It gives a
feeling of freedom, openness,
and distance. Artists use open
space to make the subject
stand out and to show
calmness or simplicity.
FORM
Form is an element of art
that is three-dimensional
(3D). Unlike a shape (which
is flat, 2D), form has height,
width, and depth. Forms can
be geometric (cube, sphere,
cylinder, cone) or organic
(natural and irregular like a
rock, tree, or human body).
VOLUME
Volume is the amount
of space a form takes
up in 3D. it shows how
big or small an object
is and how much
space it occupies.
PERFORMING
ARTS
Performing arts are art forms
that are performed live in front
of an audience. These include
dance, music, theater, and other
stage performances. It uses
movement, sound, and
expression to communicate
ideas and emotions.
PERFORMING ARTS
MUSIC
1. Melody -The tune of the
music; the part you can sing
or hum.
2. Rhythm -The beat or
pattern of sounds and
silence.
3. Harmony -The
combination of sounds or
notes played/sung together.
MUSIC
4. Dynamics -The loudness or
softness of the music.
5. Tempo -The speed of the
music.
6. Timbre - (Tone Color) The
unique quality of a sound that
makes it different from others.
7. Form - The structure or
arrangement of a musical piece.
MUSIC
Genres of Music
Classical
Pop Rock
Jazz
Hip-Hop / Rap
R&B (Rhythm and Blues)
Country
Reggae
EDM (Electronic Dance Music)
Folk / Traditional
DANCE
Elements of Dance
1. Body- The part of the
dancer that moves.
2. Action - The movements
made by the body.
3. Space - Where the
dance happens and how
the dancer uses it.
DANCE
4. Time - The
rhythm, speed, or
tempo of the
movement.
5. Energy - The
force or quality of
movement.
DANCE
Ballroom Dance -
Partner dances usually
performed in social
gatherings or
competitions. (Waltz,
Tango, Foxtrot,
Quickstep, Viennese
Waltz)
DANCE
African-American and
Traditional Jazz Dances -
Energetic dances with roots
in African-American
culture and jazz music.
(Charleston, Lindy Hop,
Tap Dance, Jitterbug,
Swing)
DANCE
Worldwide / Latin Dances
- Dances from ( Latin
American and world
traditions, often lively and
rhythmic. (Salsa, Cha-
Cha, Samba, Rumba,
Merengue, Paso Doble,
Flamenco)
DANCE
Professional Performance
Dance - Dances
performed on stage by
trained dancers to
entertain an audience.
(Ballet (Swan Lake,
Nutcracker),
Contemporary, Theater
Jazz, Musical Theater)
DANCE
Modern Dance - A free
and expressive style of
dance that breaks away
from classical ballet
rules. (Graham
Technique, Cunningham
Dance, Horton Technique,
Release Technique)
DANCE
Hip Hop and Funk
Dance - Street-style
dances with strong
beats, freestyle moves,
and high energy
(Breakdance, Popping,
Locking, Krumping,
House Dance)
LITERATURE
Literature is any written or
spoken work that expresses
ideas, emotions, and stories. it
includes poems, stories, essays,
novels, and plays that reflect
human experiences and culture.
Literature is an art of using
words to inform, entertain,
inspire, and move people.
LITERATURE
Main Genres of Literature
1. Fiction- Made-up stories created from
imagination.
Types of Fiction: Novel – long, detailed story
(e.g., Harry Potter). Short Story – brief story
with few characters. Fable – story with
animals and a moral lesson. Fairy Tale –
magical story, often for children. Myth –
story about gods and origins. Legend –
traditional story about heroes.
LITERATURE
2. Non-Fiction - Real stories or facts based
on true events.
Types of Non-Fiction: Biography – life story
of a person written by someone else.
Autobiography – life story written by the
person themself. Essay – short piece
expressing ideas or opinions.
Diary / Journal – personal daily experiences.
History – record of past events.
News / Article – factual information from
real life.
FINE AND APPLIED
ARTS
FINE AND APPLIED ARTS
FINE ARTS
Fine Arts are all about beauty and
feelings. It's like when you see a
painting that just grabs you or a
sculpture that makes you think. The
main goal is to make you feel
something or appreciate the beauty
of it. It's art for art's sake, really.
APPLIED ARTS
Applied Arts, on the other hand, are art
with a job. It's when someone designs
something to be both pretty and useful.
Think about a cool building, a stylish
chair, or even a well-designed website.
It's not just about looking good; it's
about working well too.
FINE VS. APPLIED
ARTS
So, Fine Arts are more about
expressing yourself and making
something beautiful, while Applied
Arts are about making everyday
things more beautiful and functional.
Both are art, but they have different
goals in mind.
FINE VS. APPLIED
ARTS
On the other hand, applied arts combine
artistic design with functionality, aiming to
make everyday objects not only useful but
also visually appealing. Examples include
fashion design, interior design, graphic
design, and industrial design. In short, fine
arts emphasize self-expression and
aesthetics, while applied arts highlight the
balance between function and beauty.
FINE VS. APPLIED
ARTS
An example of fine arts is sculpture. Fine arts
are primarily created for aesthetic and
intellectual purposes and are judged for their
beauty and meaningfulness. Sculpture, as a
visual art form, fits this definition well, as it
involves creating three-dimensional
artworks that can be appreciated for their
form, technique, and emotional or
intellectual content.
FINE VS. APPLIED
ARTS
An example of applied arts is graphic
design. Applied arts involve the application
of artistic design to functional or utilitarian
objects. Graphic design combines visual
elements and layout techniques to create
logos, brochures, websites, and other
communication materials, serving a
practical purpose while also being
aesthetically pleasing.
FINE VS. APPLIED
ARTS
The main focus of fine arts is aesthetic expression
and intellectual exploration. Fine arts are created
primarily for their aesthetic value and the
emotional or intellectual impact they have on the
viewer or audience. Meanwhile the main focus of
applied arts is the application of artistic design
to functional and decorative objects. It bridges
the gap between purely aesthetic art and
practical design, emphasizing both beauty and
utility.
FINE VS. APPLIED
ARTS
The main purpose of fine arts is to
express ideas, emotions, and beauty,
focusing more on creativity and
imagination rather than practical use. It
is created mainly to inspire, move, or
make people think and feel through
forms such as painting, sculpture, music,
dance, or theater.
ACTIVITY
The principles of art are guidelines that help us
arrange elements in a drawing to create a visually
pleasing and clear composition. These principles
include balance, emphasis, movement, rhythm,
and proportion.
Your task is to select one of these principles of art
and create a drawing that effectively demonstrates
it on a clean sheet of paper. Ensure that your
artwork clearly illustrates the chosen principle.