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Experiment 1.2
Student Name: Arpit UID: 22BCS16900
Branch: BE - CSE Section/Group: 22BCS_642_B
Semester: 5 Date of Performance: 08/08/24
Subject Name: Computer Networks Subject Code: 22CSH- 312
1. Aim: Study of basic network command and Network configuration commands.
2. Requirements (Hardware/Software): PC/laptop, command prompt, packet tracer.
3. Reading Material:
1) ipconfig: This command displays the IP address, subnet mask, and default gatewayfor
all network adapters. When executed, it provides the IP address, subnet mask, and
default gateway for all network adapters, including wired (Ethernet) and wireless
(Wi-Fi) interfaces.
2) Ipconfig/all: The ipconfig /all command provides a comprehensive view of the
network configuration details for all network adapters on a Windows machine.
3) Route: The route command is used to view and manipulate the IP routing table on
Unix-like operating systems. It allows users to display, add, delete, or modify
network routes, which are essential for directing network traffic efficiently.
4) Netstat: The netstat command, short for "network statistics," is a useful tool for
network diagnostics on Unix-like and Windows systems. It provides detailed
information about network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, and other
network-related information.
5) Ping: The ping command is a fundamental network utility used to test the reachability
of a host on an IP network. It operates by sending Internet Control Message Protocol
(ICMP) Echo Request messages to a specified address and listening for Echo Reply
messages in return.
6) Tracert: The traceroute (or tracert on Windows) command is a network diagnostic
tool used to trace the path that packets take from your computer to a destination host
across an IP network. When you execute traceroute, it sends a series of packets to the
target address, starting with a TTL of 1. Each router along the path decrements the
TTL value by 1 and sends back an ICMP "Time Exceeded" message when the TTL
reaches 0.
7) Arp: The arp command is used to display and manipulate the Address Resolution
Protocol (ARP) cache, which maps IP addresses to MAC (Media Access Control)
addresses on a local network.
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COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
8) Arp –a: The arp -a command displays the current ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)
table on a system, listing the mappings of IP addresses to MAC (Media Access
Control) addresses. This table is used to keep track of the hardware addresses of
devices on the local network. The output of arp -a typically includes:
• IP Address: The IP address of the network device.
• Physical Address (MAC Address): The MAC address associated with the IP
address. Type: The type of ARP entry, usually "dynamic" (learned through ARP
requests) or "static" (manually added and fixed).
9) Nslookup: The nslookup command is a network utility used to query Domain Name
System (DNS) servers for information about domain names and IP addresses. When
executed, nslookup can be used to perform various tasks, such as looking up the IP
address associated with a domain name, finding the domain name associated with an
IP address (reverse DNS lookup), and retrieving specific DNS records like MX (Mail
Exchange) or TXT (Text) records.
10) Hostname: The hostname command is used to display or set the name of the current
machine or system on a network. When executed without arguments, it simply
outputs the hostname of the system, which is the name assigned to the computer on
the network.
4. Procedure:
Step 1: Open Command Prompt: Press Win + R, type cmd, and press Enter. Alternatively,
you can search for "Command Prompt" in the Start menu and click on it.
Step 2: Run Network Commands like ipconfig, route, firewall, netstat, ping etc.
Step 3: Type exit and press Enter.
5. Output:
I. Arp:
Fig1
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II. Ipconfig:
Fig2
III. Hostname, Ping:
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IV. Tracert:
Fig 3
V. Nslookup:
Fig 4
VI. Route Print:
Fig 5
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VII. Netstat:
Fig 6
6. Learning Outcome:
1) Ability to identify and troubleshoot network configuration issues using ipconfig and
route.
2) Network Performance Monitoring: Capability to monitor and diagnose network
performance and connection issues using netstat and ping.
3) Routing and Path Analysis: Proficiency in analyzing network paths and identifying
routing issues using tracert or traceroute.
4) Local Network Management: Skills in managing local network ARP caches using arp
commands.
5) DNS Query and Analysis: Expertise in querying DNS servers for domain name and IP
address information using nslookup.
6) System Identification: Ability to identify and manage system hostnames using the
hostname command.