1. A open organ pipe containing air resonates in fundamental mode due to a tuning fork.

The measured
value of length ���in cm��of the pipe and radius r �in cm��of the pipe are� � 94.0 0.1 , r 5.0 0.05 .
The velocity of the sound in air is accurately known. The maximum percentage error in the measure-
ment of the frequency of that tuning fork by this experiment, will be:
(A) 0.16 (B) 0.64 (C) 1.2 (D) 1.6
Ans A

v
f
2(� 1.2r)
f v (� 1.2r)
f v (� 1.2r)
Sol.
f ( � 1.2 r)
100 100 0.16
f max (� 1.2r)

2. When the gap is closed without placing any object in the screw gauge whose least count is
0.005 mm, the 5th division on its circular scale coincides with the reference line of the main scale, and
when a small sphere is placed, reading on main scale becomes 4 divisions, whereas 25th division on
its circular scale coincides with the reference line on main scale. There are 200 division on the circular
scale. The radius of the sphere measured is
(A) 4.10 mm (B) 4.05 mm (C) 2.10 mm (D*) 2.05 mm
[Sol. Pitch = 200 × 0.005 = 1 mm
Zero error = 0.005 × 5
d = 4 mm + 25 × 0.005 – 0.005 × 5 = 4.10 mm
r = d/2 = 2.05mm]

3. A vernier callipers used by student has 20 divisions in 1 cm on main scale. 10 vernier divisions
coincide with 9 main scale divisions. When jaws are closed, zero of main scale is on left of zero
of vernier scale and 6th division of vernier scale coincides with any of main scale divisions. He
places a wooden cylinder in between the jaws and measures the length. The zero of vernier scale
is on right of 3.20 cm and 8th vernier division coincides with any main scale division. When he
measures thickness of cylinder he finds that zero of vernier scale lies on right of 1.50 cm mark
of main scale and 6th division of vernier scale coincides with any main scale division. The correct
values of measured length and diameter are respectively:-
(A) 3.270 cm, 1.560 cm (B) 3.210 cm, 1.500 cm
(C) 3.27 cm, 1.93 cm (D) None of these
Ans. B
Sol. Least count of main scale = 0.05cm
Least count of vernier calliper =0.005cm
��Positive zero error = (6 × 0.005) cm = 0.03 cm
��Length of cylinder = (3.20 + 8 × 0.005 – 0.03) cm = 3.210 cm
Diameter of cylinder = (1.50 + 6 × 0.005 – 0.03) cm = 1.500 cm
4. In an optical bench experiment to determine the focal length of the concave mirror, the least count
of the bench is 0.1 cm. The object needle reading is 10.7 cm and the image needle reading is 5.7 cm.
The mirror is positioned at 15.7 cm. Find the maximum possible percent error in the focal length of
the mirror with this set of readings. (Round off to nearest integer).
Ans 1.67
Sol. �x0 = 0.05cm; �x1 = 0.05cm; �xm = 0.05cm
�u = �x1 + �xm = 0.1 cm
�v = �x1 + �xm = 0.1 cm
v = –[15.7 – 5.7] = – 10cm
u = –[15.7 – 10.7 ] = – 5 cm
uv 10
f cm
u v 3
 uv 10
f cm
u v 3
f u v
f2 u 2 v2
f 0.1 0.1
9
100 25 100
f 5
100
f 3

5. The pitch of a screw gauge is 1 mm and there are 50 divisions on its cap. When nothing is put in
between the studs, 44th division of the circular scale coincides with the reference line and zero of
main scale is not visible. When a plate is placed between the studs, the main scale reads 5 divisions
and the circular scale reads 25 divisions. The true thickness of plate is a × 10�5 m, find the value of ‘a’.
Ans. 562
Sol. Least count of screw guage = 0.02 mm
Negative zero error = (–1 + 44 × 0.02) = –0.12 mm
Reading = 5 × 1 mm + 25 × 0.02 mm + 0.12 mm
= 5.62 mm = 562 × 10�5 m
6. A student performs an experiment to determine the Young’s modulus of a wire, exactly 2 m long, by

Searle’s method. In a particular reading, the student measures the extension in the length of the wire

to be 0.8 mm with an uncertainty of ±0.05 mm at a load of exactly 1.0 kg. The student also measures

the diameter of the wire to be 0.4 mm with an uncertainty of ±0.01 mm. Take g = 9.8 m/s2 (exact).

The maximum permissiable error in measurement of Young’s modulus from the experiment is

(1) 5.6 % (2*) 11.25 % (3) 2.5 % (4) 6 %

mg x
Sol. 2 = (Y)
�r � 0

mg � 0
� 2�
Y = � � d � x = 2 × 10111 N/m2
� 4 �

� �Y � � �d � �x � 0.01 � 0.05 9
� Y � � 2� � � x = 2 � 0.4 � � 0.8 =
� �max � d � � � 80
7. In a meter bridge experiment the resistance of resistance box is 16�, which is inserted in right gap.
The null point is obtained at 36 cm from the left end. The least count of meter scale is 1mm. The value
of unknown resistance is –
5 5 5
(1*) 9 ± � (2) 9 ± � (3) 9 � � (4) None of these
128 256 512

Sol.

x 36
= = 9�
16 64

dx d� 10–1 � 100
= =
x �(1 � �) 36 � 64
9 � 10 5
dx = = �
36 � 64 128
5
x=9± �
128
8. In a vernier calipers the main scale and the vernier scale are made up different materials. When the
room temperature increases by �T°C, it is found the reading of the instrument remains the same.
Earlier it was observed that the zero division of the vernier scale crossed the Nth main scale division
and (N + 2) msd coincided with the 2nd vsd. Initially, 10 vsd coincided with 9 msd(no error). If coefficient
of linear expansion of the main scale is �1 and that of the vernier scale is �2 then what is the value of
�1/ �2? (Ignore the expansion of the rod on heating)
(A) 1.8 / (N) (B) 1.8 /(N+2) (C) 1.8 / (N–2) (D) None
Ans B
Sol. Reading = N + (2 L.C.)
�1�1�T = �2�2�T
(N+2) 1mm �1= 2 0.9mm �2
1 1.8
2 (N 2)
9. Figure shows analog voltmeter and ammeter. These meters are used to measure the potential differ-
ence across a resistor and the current through it. Assume that meters are ideal. Select correct
alternative(s):

2 4 20 40

0 8 0 60

V mA
(A) The percentage uncertainty in voltmeter reading is 2.5%
(B*) The percentage uncertainty in ammeter reading is 4 %
(C*) The percentage uncertainty in calculation of resistance is 9 %
(D*) The percentage uncertainty in calculation of power across resistance is 9%
�v 1
Sol. � 100 � � 100 � 5%
v 20
�� 1
� 100 � � 100 � 4%
� 25
 �R �v �� 9
� � �
R v � 100
�R
� 9%
R
10. Three resistances are measured in Ohm.
R1 = 3� ± 1%
R2 = 6� ± 2%
R3 = 2� ± 1%

When they are connected in parallel, maximum percentage error in equivalent resistance is .
6
Here � is an integer. Find �

Ans. 7
1 1 1 1
Sol. Req R1 R2 R3

dReq dR1 dR2 dR3

2
R eq
R12 R22 R32

dReq 1 dR1 1 dR2 1 dR3

100 Re q 100 100 100
Req R1 R1 R2 R2 R3 R3

dReq 1 1 1
100 1 1 2 1
Req 3 6 2

dReq 7
%
Req 6
11. A screw gauge has some zero error but its value is unknown. The pitch of screw gauge is 0.5 mm.
The number of division on circular scale is 50. We have two identical rods. When the first rod is
inserted in the screw, the main scale reading is 6 divisions and circular scale reading is 20 divisions.
When both the rods are inserted together in series then the main scale reading is 12 divisions and
circular scale reading is 46 divisions. The magnitude of zero error is P x 10–5 m. Find the value of P.
Ans. 6
Sol. Reading 1 = 6 x 0.5 + (20 x 0.01) = 3.20 mm
Reading 2 = 12 x 0.5 + (46 x 0.01) = 6.46 mm
Thickness of first rod = 3.20 – e
Thickness of both rods = 6.46 – e
6.46 – e = 2 (3.20 – e)
� 2e – e = 6.40 – 6.46
�� e = – 0.06 mm
12. In a vernier callipers having 10 Vsd, the vernier constant is 0.1 mm. When the jaws are closed, zero
of vernier lies to the left of zero of main and 7th Vsd coincides with a main scale division. When a
cylinder is placed between the jaws the main scale reading was 7.7 cm and vernier scale read 8
divisions. What is the diameter of the cylinder ?
(A*) 78.1 mm (B) 77.5 mm (C) 77.8 mm (D) 78.5 mm
[Sol. zero error = –(10 – 7) × 0.1 = – 0.3 mm
D = 77.0 + 8 × 0.1 – (– 0.3)
= 78.1 mm ]
13. The main scale of a vernier callipers reads in millimeter and its vernier is divided into 10 divisions
which coincides with 9 divisions of the main scale. The reading for shown situation is found to be
23x
mm. Find the value of x.
10

Ans. 3
Sol. Least count = 0.1 mm;
Zero error = –(10–6) × 0.1 = – 0.4 mm;
Reading = 6 + 5 × (0.1) – (–0.4) = 6.9 mm
14. Vol ume of a gas undergoing certain process v aries with tem perat ure as shown
1/ 2 2(T T0 )
T0 3T0
V V0 e where T0 is initial temperature, V0 is initial volume. If apparatus used for measuring
T
temperature can measure temperature with an accuracy of 0.2 K, find the percentage error in calculation
3T0
of volume at temp T = (V0 and T0 are accurately known)
4
Ans 0
2(T T0 )
3T0 1/2 2(T T0 )
1 V0 T01/ 2 e T0 3T0 2
Sol. dV dT V0 e dT
2 T 3/ 2 T 3T0

dV 1 dT 2dT
V 2 T 3T0

3T0 dV
at T , 0
4 V
15. To measure the resistivity (�) of wire, the resistance (R) of the wire is measured with a tolerance ±1%.
Percentage error in length (�) measurement is also 1%. To measure the diameter (D) of the wire, a
screw gauge is used in which the least count of main scale is 0.5 mm and its pitch is also 0.5 mm.
There are 50 divisions on the circular scale. When the wire is placed between the jaws, 4 main scale
divisions are clearly visible, and 8th mark of circular scale match with the reference line. If the resistivity
R D2
of the wire is given by , then find maximum % error in resistivity..
4�
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 5 (D) 8
Ans B
Sol. L.C. of the screw gauge is = 0.01mm
Measured diameter = 4(0.5 mm) + (0.01) (8) = 2.08
Max error in D is DD = least count of screw gauge=0.01 mm
R D � 0.01
2 1% 2 100 1% 3%
max
R D � 2.08
16. A gas bubble oscillates with a time period T proportional to Pa db Ec where P is pressure, d is
the density and E is the energy. The values of a, b & c are :
3 1 1 5 1 1
(A) a = , b=� , c= (B) a = � , b= , c=
2 3 2 6 3 2
5 1 1 3 1 1
(C) a = � , b = , c = (D) a = , b = � , c =
6 2 3 2 3 2
Ans C
[Sol. [T] = [P]a[d]b[E]c
M0L0T1 = (ML–1T–2)a (ML–3)b (ML2T–2)c
� a+b+c=0 ....... (i)
– a – 3b + 2c = 0 ....... (ii)
–2a 1– 2c = 1 ....... (iii)
�5 1 1
� a= ,b= ,c= ]
6 2 3

17. Consider the equation

d � �
dt � F .�d s � A � � �
� �
F
�
. P . Then dimension of A will be (where F � force,
� �
ds � small displacement, t = time and P � linear momentum).
(A) MºLºTº (B) M1LºTº (C*) M–1LºTº (D) MºLºT–1

d(work) 1
[[Link] A = P
dt F

[work]
[A] =
[work]
[time] [P]
[displacement]

L 1
= T–1 =
MLT ]
T M
18. A voltmeter with resistance 500 � is used to measure the emf of a cell of internal resistance
4� . The percentage error in the reading of the voltmeter will be
(A) 0.2% (B*) 0.8% (C) 1.4% (D) 2.2%
�
[Sol. i=
504
�
v = � – 4i = ��– ×4
504
� 1 � 125 �
v = � �1 � � =� � �v = ]
� 126 � 126 126
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