Defense Technology

Pranav P Manangath
 Missiles
Ships
Content Submarines
Aircrafts
Other related techs
Missiles
Ballistic Missile
• The ballistic missile is launched as a projectile.
• Controlling the missile after the launch is not possible.
• The ballistic missile is launched directly into earth’s atmosphere.
Missile travels outside the atmosphere, and then the warhead gets
removed from the body and falls back to earth. It traces the path of a
ball thrown upwards and then comes back to earth.
• Launching of this missile is from land or sea.
• The gravitational pull of the earth controls a ballistic missile trajectory.
• The range of the ballistic missile is more than the cruise missile and
can travel distance up to 10,000 Km in a short time.
• The terminal speeds of over missile is around 5,000 m/s, much harder
to intercept than cruise missiles, due to the much shorter time
available.
 Cruise Missile
• A Cruise Missile is a guided missile that flies with constant speed to deliver a
warhead at a specified target over a long distance with high accuracy.
• Cruise missiles that can be launched from various platforms whether from Land,
Sea (Submarine, Ship) or Air
• Cruise missiles characterized by having different forms of guidance whether
inertial or beyond visual range satellite GPS guidance.
• They are known precisely for the low-level flight which is staying relatively close to
the surface of the earth to avoid detection from anti-missile systems and are
designed to carry large payloads with high precision.
• The key is that the missile is guided entirely to the target under its power.
• Cruise missiles are categorized by size, speed (subsonic or supersonic), and range,
and whether launched from land, air, surface ship, or submarine.
Ballistic Missile Cruise Missile
•It is propelled only for a brief duration after the launch. •Self-propelled till the end of its flight.
•Similar to a rocket engine. •Similar to a jet engine.

•Long-range missiles leave the earth’s atmosphere and reenter it. •The flight path is within the earth’s atmosphere.

•Low precision as it is unguided for most of its path and its

•Hits targets with high precision as it is constantly propelled.
trajectory depends on gravity, air resistance and Coriolis Force.

•Can have a very long range (300 km to 12,000 km) as there is no •The range is small (below 500 km) as it needs to be constantly
fuel requirement after its initial trajectory. propelled to hit the target with high precision.
•Heavy payload carrying capacity. •Payload capacity is limited.
•Can carry multiple payloads (Multiple Independently targetable
•Usually carries a single payload.
Re-entry Vehicle)
•Developed primarily to carry nuclear warheads. •Developed primarily to carry conventional warheads.

•E.g. Prithvi I, Prithvi II, Agni I, Agni II and Dhanush missiles. •E.g. BrahMos missiles
Ramjet Engine
• Air-breathing Jet Engine:
• Unlike rocket engines, ramjets utilize atmospheric oxygen for fuel combustion, increasing
efficiency.
• Working Principle:
• Forward motion of the aircraft compresses incoming air.
• Fuel is injected and burned in the combustion chamber.
• Hot gases are expelled to generate thrust
• Advantages:
• Simpler design with no moving parts.
• High thrust-to-weight ratio at high speeds.
• Efficient at supersonic speeds.
• Disadvantages:
• Cannot produce thrust at low or zero speed (requires initial boost).
• Inefficient at subsonic speeds.
• Inefficient at hypersonic speeds.
Scramjet (Supersonic Combustion Ramjet)
Technology

• To fire something we need air, that is oxygen. Rockets usually carry oxygen in oxidizer tank even when it is
traveling in earth’s atmosphere. But if we can use atmospheric oxygen during this time it would become
energy efficient. Here comes the importance of Scramjet engine.

• Scramjet engine designed by ISRO uses Hydrogen as fuel and the Oxygen from the atmospheric air as
the Oxidizer. This makes the system much lighter, more efficient and cost effective.

• The scramjet engine was test launched on board of Rohini 560 sounding rocket (Research Rocket). This RH
560 is a two stage Advanced Technology Vehicle (ATV) and is designed & developed by ISRO to test
scramjet engine. ATV is the heaviest (3 tons) sounding rocket developed till date by the ISRO.
 Ramjet vs. Scramjet Engines

Feature Ramjet Engine Scramjet Engine

Operating Speed Range Supersonic (Mach 2-6) Hypersonic (Mach 5+)

Airflow in Combustion Chamber Subsonic Supersonic

Compression of Air Diffuser slows incoming air High-speed airflow

Combustion Process Subsonic combustion Supersonic combustion

Efficiency Efficient at supersonic speeds More efficient at hypersonic speeds

Complexity Relatively simple More complex due to high-speed

airflow management

Typical Applications Missiles, supersonic aircraft Hypersonic vehicles, space launch

systems

Development Status Mature technology Still under development

 Integrated
It was conceived by DR A P J Abdul Kalam to enable India to attain
Guided self-sufficiency in field of missile technology
Missile
Development
Program
Agni V
MIRV
Agni -Prime
• Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) successfully
test-fired the new generation nuclear-capable ballistic missile ‘Agni
Prime’.
• Agni-P is a two-stage canisterised solid propellant missile with dual
redundant navigation and guidance system.
• It has been termed as a new generation advanced variant of Agni
class of missiles with improved parameters, including manoeuvring
and accuracy.

• Canisterisation of missiles reduces the time required to launch

the missile while improving the storage and ease of handling.
• The surface-to-surface ballistic missile has a range of 1,000 to 2,000
km.
 Akash Missile System
• Akash is India’s first indigenously produced Short Range Surface to Air Missile
system that can engage multiple targets from multiple directions.

• The missile is unique in the way that it can be launched from mobile
platforms like battle tanks or wheeled trucks. It has nearly 90% kill
probability.
• The missile is supported by the indigenously developed radar called
'Rajendra'.
• The missile is reportedly cheaper and more accurate than US’ Patriot
missiles due to its solid-fuel technology and high-tech radars.
• It can engage targets at a speed 2.5 times more than the speed of sound and can
detect and destroy targets flying at low, medium and high altitudes.
• Akash -1S (18 – 30 Km)
• Akash Mk-II (35 – 40 Km)
• Akash-NG (Up to 70 Km)- Akash-NG is a new generation Surface to Air Missile
meant for use by Indian Air Force with an aim of intercepting high manoeuvring
low RCS (Radar Cross Section) aerial threats.
• It has a capacity to carry 50 kg payload
 NAG Missile
• NAG is a third-generation, fire-and-forget, anti-tank guided missile developed by India's state-

owned Defense Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) to support both mechanized

infantry and airborne forces of the Indian Army

• Range 500 m – 4 km

• This type of guided missile relies on an electro-optical imager (IIR) seeker, a laser or a W-band

radar seeker in the nose of the missile

• Speed 230 m/s

• The Helina (the Army version) and Dhruvastra (Indian Airforce version) are helicopter-

launched versions of third-generation anti-tank guided missiles (the Nag missile system).

• The missile systems have been designed and developed indigenously by the DRDO.
 • It is a helicopter-launched Nag Missile (HELINA), also known as ‘Dhruvastra’.

• Helina is the Army variant and Dhruvastra is the Air Force variant of the ALH.

Helina/Dhruvastra • It is a third-generation fire-and-forget-class missile and uses an imaging infrared

Anti-Tank Guided seeker in lock-on-before-launch mode.
Missile • It is indigenously developed by DRDO
 Stand-off Anti-tank (SANT) Missile

• India has successfully test-fired air-to-surface SANT missile from a roof-top launcher at the Integrated Test Range
(ITR).
• SANT missile is an upgraded version of the Helicopter Launched Nag (HeliNa) missile, equipped with an advanced
node-mounted seeker.
• It is developed by DRDO for the Indian Air Force (IAF).
• It will have both Lock-on After Launch and Lock-on Before Launch capability
• The earlier version of the missile had a range of around 8 km but the upgraded variant can cover at least double the
distance.
• It is equipped with a nose-mounted active radar seeker. Thus, the launch platform can be located at a safe distance
from the target area.
• SANT missile will be launched from a Mi-35 helicopter (Russian helicopter) gunship in the month of December.
• The missile hit the target precisely and performed extremely complex manoeuvres.
• Unlike other missiles of this class, the SANT missile can destroy the targets from a long-range.
 Prithvi-II
• Indigenously developed nuclear capable surface-to-surface missile

• Prithvi-II is capable of carrying 500 to 1,000 kg of warheads and is

powered by liquid propulsion twin engines

• Developed by DRDO

• Prithvi I (SS-150) – Army version (150 km range with a payload of

1,000 kg )

• Prithvi II (SS-250) – Air Force version (350 km range with a payload of

500 kg )

• Prithvi III (SS-350) – Naval version (350 km range with a payload of

1,000 kg)
 Dhanush
• Dhanush is a variant of the surface-to-surface or
ship-to-ship Prithvi III missile, which has been
developed for the Indian Navy.

• It is capable of carrying both conventional as well

as nuclear warheads with pay-load capacity of
500 kg-1000 kg and can strike at 350 km
Anti-radiation missile- Rudram

• Rudram is an air-to-surface missile, designed and developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)

• Anti-radiation missiles are designed to detect, track and neutralise the adversary’s radar, communication assets and other radio
frequency sources, which are generally part of their air defence systems

• For guidance, it has a “passive homing head” — a system that can detect, classify and engage targets (radio frequency sources
in this case) over a wide band of frequencies as programmed.

• Once the Rudram missile locks on the target, it is capable of striking accurately even if the radiation source switches off in
between.

• It can be launched from a height ranging from 500 metres to 15 km.

• With this, IAF now has the capability to perform SEAD (Suppression of Enemy Air Defence) operations deep into enemy
territory to destroy enemy air defence setup.

• While the system has been tested from a Sukhoi-30 MKI, it can be adapted for launch from other fighter jets too.
Rampage Missile
 BrahMos Missile
• Manufactured by BrahMos Aerospace Limited, a joint
venture between the Defence Research and
Development Organisation and Russia’s Military
Industrial Consortium NPO Mashinostroyenia.
• This is the first supersonic cruise missile to enter
service.
• A two-stage missile with a solid propellant booster
engine as its first stage which brings it to supersonic
speed and then gets separated
• The liquid ramjet or the second stage then takes the
missile closer to Mach 3 speed in cruise phase.
• Stealth technology included
 BrahMos Missile
• Range
• Ship or Land platform : 800–900 km
• Air platform : 450–500 km
• Export : 290 km
with supersonic speed all through the flight.
• Operates on Fire and Forget Principle.
• Cruising altitude can be up to 15 km and terminal
altitude is as low as 10 m.
• Carries conventional warhead weighing 200 to 300 kg
• Recently Philippines procured Brahmos from India.
 Barak-8 / Medium-Range Surface-to-Air
(MRSAM) Missile

• Barak-8, developed by the DRDO in collaboration with Israel

Aerospace Industries (IAI)for Army has been tested successfully

• The propulsion system, coupled with a thrust vector control system,

allows the missile to move at a maximum speed of Mach 2.

• The weapon has the ability to engage multiple targets simultaneously

at ranges of 70km.

• In May 2019, Indian Navy, DRDO and IAI successfully tested Naval
version of MRSAM(Barak-8).

• MRSAM is the land-based version.

 Quick Reaction Surface-to-Air Missile (QRSAM) System

• The QRSAM is a short-range surface-to-air missile (SAM) system, primarily

designed and developed by DRDO to provide a protective shield to moving
armoured columns of the Army from enemy aerial attacks.

• Range 25– 30km. Altitude 10 km.

• DRDO successfully test-fired Quick Reaction Surface-to-Air Missile system

(QRSAM).

• It is 90% indigenous.

• The system is capable of detecting and tracking targets on the move and
engaging targets with short halts.

• QRSAM is a canister-based system, which means that it is stored and

operated from specially designed compartments
Quick Reaction Surface-to-Air Missile (QRSAM) System

• In the canister, the inside environment is controlled, thus along with making
its transport and storage easier, the shelf life of weapons also improves
significantly.

• The QRSAM weapon ensemble, which functions on the move, consists of a

fully automated command and control system, two radars — Active Array
Battery Surveillance Radar, Active Array Battery Multifunction Radar — and
one launcher.

• Both radars have a 360-degree coverage with “search on move” and “track
on move” capabilities. The system is compact, uses a single stage solid
propelled missile and has a mid-course inertial navigation system with two-
way data link and terminal active seeker developed indigenously by DRDO.
 Shaurya Missile
• It is an indigenously developed surface to surface nuclear capable
hypersonic ballistic missile
• Maximum speed 7.5 Mach
• It has a range of 700 to 1,900 km and is capable of carrying a payload of 200
kg to 1 tonne conventional or nuclear warhead
• Shaurya is a canister-based system, which means that it is stored and
operated from specially designed compartments.
• Shaurya is a land-based parallel of the submarine launched K-15 missile.
• The K family of missiles are primarily Submarine Launched Ballistic Missiles,
which have been indigenously developed by DRDO and are named after Dr.
Kalam.
S-400 Triumf Missile System
• The S-400 Triumf is a mobile, surface-to-air missile system
(SAM) designed by Russia.
• It is the most dangerous operationally deployed modern long-
range SAM (MLR SAM) in the world, considered much ahead
of the US-developed Terminal High Altitude Area Defense
system (THAAD).
• The system can engage all types of aerial targets including
aircraft, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and ballistic and
cruise missiles within the range of 400km, at an altitude of up
to 30km.
• The system can track 100 airborne targets and engage six of
them simultaneously.
 Prithvi Air Defence and Advance Air Defence:

• It is a double-tiered system consisting of two land and sea-based

interceptor missiles, namely the Prithvi Air Defence (PAD) missile for high
altitude interception, and the Advanced Air Defence (AAD) Missile for lower
altitude interception.
• It is able to intercept any incoming missile launched 5,000 kilometres
away. The system also includes an overlapping network of early warning
and tracking radars, as well as command and control posts.
 Ashwin Advanced Air Defence Interceptor Missile

• It is also an indigenously produced Advanced Air Defence (AAD) interceptor missile

developed by Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO).

• It is the advanced version of the low altitude supersonic ballistic interceptor missile.

• The missile also has its own mobile launcher, secure data link for interception,
independent tracking and homing capabilities and sophisticated radars.

• It uses an endo-spheric (within the Earth’s atmosphere) interceptor that knocks out
ballistic missiles at a maximum altitude 30 km, range 150-200km
 THAAD

• THAAD is an acronym for Terminal High Altitude Area Defense, a transportable, ground-based
missile defence system.

• It is coupled with space-based and ground-based surveillance stations, which transfer data
about the incoming missile and informs the THAAD interceptor missile of the threat type
classification.

• THAAD is alarmed about incoming missiles by space-based satellites with infrared sensors.

• This anti-ballistic missile defence system has been designed and manufactured by the US
company Lockheed Martin. South Korea is not the only country with the THAAD missile
defence system.
 • Astra is India’s first beyond-visual-range (BVR) air-to-air missile indigenously designed
and developed by Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO).
• It is intended to engage and destroy aerial targets with high manoeuvrability and
Astra Beyond • supersonic speeds.
The missile’s advanced air combat capabilities allow it to engage multiple high-
Visual Range performance targets

(BVR) Air-to-Air • The Astra missile will serve the Indian Air Force (IAF) and the Indian Navy. It has been
integrated with the IAF’s Su-30MKI fighter jet
Missile • It can intercept and destroy enemy targets with a launch speed between Mach 0.4 and
Mach 4.5
• Launch range and launch altitudes of the weapon system are 80km and 20km
respectively.
 • Recently the first ever Pinaka rockets fully manufactured by the private
sector have been successfully test fired by the army.
Pinaka • Pinaka is indigenous multi barrel rocket launch system developed by DRDO.
• Each Pinaka rocket is capable of carrying a 100kg payload for a range of
40km.
Submarines
Classes of submarines in India -
Active
• Arihant class(nuclear) – ballistic missile submarine
• INS Arihant (S2)
• INS Arighat (sea trial completed)
• 2 more under construction
• Sagarika- Submarine launched ballistic missile is
operational on Arihant class(750 km with 1000
kg payload)
• Shishumar class – attack submarine, German tech
• INS Shishumar (S44),INS Shankush (S45),
INS Shalki (S46), and INS Shankul (S47)
Classes of submarines in India -
Active
• Sindhughosh class (Kilo Class) – attack submarine,
Soviet tech
• INS Sindhughosh (S55), INS Sindhudhvaj (S56),
INS Sindhuraj (S57),
INS Sindhuratna (S59), INS Sindhukesari (S60),
INS Sindhukirti (S61), INS Sindhuvijay (S62), and
INS Sindhurashtra (S65)
• Kalvari class (Scorpion class) - attack submarine,
French tech
• INS Kalvari (S21), INS Khanderi (S22), and
INS Karanj (S23)
• INS Vela, INS Vagir, and INS Vagsheer
Classes of submarines in India – Under
construction
• S5 Class - Nuclear powered Ballistic Missile Submarine.
• Project 75 alpha – Nuclear powered attack submarine
• 6 boats are planned and are expected to be constructed at the Shipbuilding
Centre (SBC) at Visakhapatnam
• Akula class – Nuclear powered attack submarine
• Russian technology
• Project 75I – Attack submarine, possibly Cruise Missile submarine
• Indian Navy is set to acquire 6 new submarines under the Mega Project which
has been named P-75 I.
Ships
 • Aircraft carriers

• Amphibious warships - employed to land and

support ground forces, such as marines, on
Types of ships enemy territory during an amphibious assault.
Indian Navy • Destroyer - a destroyer is a fast, maneuverable,
has long-endurance warship intended to escort larger
vessels in a fleet, convoy or battle group and
defend them against powerful short range
attackers
 • Frigate - Frigates, which are naval vessels
intermediate between corvettes and destroyers

Types of ships • Corvette - A corvette is a small warship. It is

Indian Navy traditionally the smallest class of vessel
has considered to be a proper (or "rated") warship.

• Offshore patrol vessels

• Patrol vessels

• Etc.
 • It is India’s first domestically built aircraft carrier.

• It is lead ship of the Indian Navy’s Vikrant-class,

to be designed and built in India under
Indigenous Aircraft Carrier (IAC) program.

• It operates a ski-jump assisted Short Take-Off But

INS Vikrant Arrested Recovery (STOBAR) launch systems for
launching aircraft and is capable of
accommodating MiG 29K fighter jets and
helicopters.
 • INS Vishal, also known as Indigenous Aircraft
Carrier 2 (IAC-2), is to be the second aircraft
carrier to be built in India after INS Vikrant (IAC-
1).

• INS Vikramaditya is Indian Navy's short takeoff,

INS Vikrant but assisted recovery (STOBAR) aircraft carrier,
converted from the Russian Navy’s
decommissioned vertical take-off and landing
(VTOL) missile cruiser carrier.
INS Vikrant
Fast Patrol Vessel (FPV)ICGS
Kanaklata Barua

• It is the fifth and last in a series of FPV built by Garden Reach

Shipbuilders and Engineers Ltd.
• Other four are ICGS Priyadarshini (named after Indira Gandhi), ICGS
Annie Besant, ICGS Kamala Devi (after Kamala Devi Chattopadhyay),
and ICGS Amrit Kaur.
• It is named after a teenage freedom fighter who was shot dead in
Assam during the Quit India Movement.
• These FPVs are upgraded versions of the inshore patrol vessels.
• These are suited for patrolling, maritime surveillance, anti-
smuggling, anti-poaching operations and also for fishery protection,
and rescue and search missions.
 Project 17A/ Nilgiri class
frigate
• Under Project 17A program, a total of seven ships (guided
missile frigates) are being built with enhanced stealth
features, advanced indigenous weapon and sensor fit along
with several other improvements.

• Recently, Indian Navy’s 2nd Project 17A Frigate ‘Himgiri’ was

launched by India’s shipbuilder Garden Reach Shipbuilders
and Engineers Limited.

• The Barak-8 missiles can be fired from a vertical launch

system that can launch multiple missiles simultaneously.
 • INS Kavaratti has been commissioned in the Indian Navy.

• It is the last of the 4 indigenously built Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) stealth corvettes built

INS Kavaratti under Project 28 (Kamorta class) by Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers (GRSE), Kolkata.

• It joins 3 other ships of the same class namely- INS Kamorta, INS Kadmatt and INS Kiltan.

• It is named after the capital of the Lakshadweep group of islands.

• It has 90% indigenous content with the state-of-the-art equipment and systems to fight in
Nuclear, Biological and Chemical warfare conditions.
Aircrafts
 Types of aircrafts in IAF
• Combat Aircraft

• Multirole - combat aircraft intended to perform different roles in combat. The se

roles can include air to air combat, aerial bombing, reconnaissance, electronic-
warfare, and suppression of air defenses. Eg. Rafale, Mig-29, Sukhoi-30, HAL Tejas

• Ground attack - tactical military aircraft that has a primary role of carrying
out airstrikes with greater precision than bombers. Eg SEPCAT Jaguar

• Interceptor - type of fighter aircraft designed specifically for the defensive

interception role against an attacking enemy aircraft,
particularly bombers and reconnaissance aircraft. Eg. Mig 21
 Types of aircrafts in IAF
• AWACS

• Airborne early Warning and Control (AEW&C) system is an airborne radar picket system designed to detect
aircraft, ships, vehicles, missiles, and other incoming projectiles at long ranges and perform command and
control of the battlespace in an air engagement by directing fighter and attack aircraft strikes

• Eg NETRA of DRDO

• Reconnaissance

• A reconnaissance aircraft (colloquially, a spy plane) is a military aircraft designed or adapted to perform aerial
reconnaissance with roles including collection of imagery intelligence (including using photography), signals
intelligence, as well as measurement and signature intelligence.

• Tankers – for areal refueling.

• Transport – Eg Illyushin II-76, C130 J Super Herculese, Boing C-17

• Helicopters, UAV (Eg DRDO Lakshya), and Trainer aircrafts

Rafale fighter jets

• Rafale is a French twin-engine multi-role fighter jet

designed and built by Dassault Aviation.
• It can carry out all combat aviation missions: air
superiority and air defence, close air support, in-
depth strikes, reconnaissance, anti-ship strikes and
nuclear deterrence.
• India and France signed agreement in 2016 for supply
of 36 Rafale multi-role fighter jets.
 Weapons in Rafale
• Wide Range of Weapons: Meteor missile, Scalp cruise missile and MICA weapons system will be the mainstay
of the weapons package of the Rafale jets.

• Meteor:
• It is the next generation of Beyond Visual Range (BVR) air-to-air missile (BVRAAM) designed to
revolutionise air-to-air combat.

• The Meteor missile can target enemy aircraft from 150 km away. It can destroy enemy aircraft before they
actually even get close to the Indian aircraft.
• SCALP Cruise Missiles:
• It can hit targets 300 km away.
• MICA Missile System:
• It is a very versatile air-to-air missile. It comes with a radar seeker and can be fired for the short-range to
long-range as well right up to 100 km.

• It's already in service with the IAF i.e. Mirages and is the primary weapon system of Rafales as well.
• HAMMER
• Agile and Manoeuvrable Munition Extended Range
• French HAMMER air-to-ground precision-guided weapon system.
 Light Combat Aircrafts (LCA) Tejas
• The HAL Tejas is an Indian single-engine multirole light fighter designed by
the Aeronautical Development Agency in collaboration with Aircraft
Research and Design Centre of Hindustan Aeronautics Limited for the
Indian Air Force and Indian Navy.
• It is the first Buy (Indian-Indigenously Designed, Developed and
Manufactured) category procurement of combat aircrafts with an
indigenous content of 50%.
• Tejas is an indigenously designed, developed and manufactured state-of-
the-art modern 4+ generation fighter aircraft.
• It is equipped with operational capabilities like Active Electronically
Scanned Array Radar, Beyond Visual Range Missile, Electronic Warfare
Suite and Air to Air Refuelling
LCH Prachand
• Army successfully test-fires rocket and turret guns of indigenous LCH
Prachand (means fierce).
• It was inducted into Indian Air Force in 2022.
• LCH Prachand is a indigenously developed multi-role combat helicopter.
• o Dsigned and developed by Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd.
• Only attack helicopter in the world that can land and take of at an
altitude of 5,000 metres.
• Capable of firing air-to-ground and air-to-air missiles.
• Fitted with 5.8-tonne twin-engine named Shakti engine, primarily
designed for deployment in highaltitude
• areas (like Siachen glacier).
ABHYAS

• Abhyas is a High-speed Expendable Aerial Target

(HEAT) which is designed and developed by
DRDO.
• It is an unmanned aerial vehicle based on
indigenously developed micro
electromechanical systems (MEMS) navigation
system.
Other techs
 • Indigenous assault rifle by DRDO & private firms.
• 7.62x51 mm caliber, effective range 500m.
Ugram • "Made in India" for Army/CAPFs, replaces imports.
• Lightweight (<4 kg) & compatible with NATO standards.
• The rifle has a 20-round magazine that fires robust and in full auto
mode.
Smart Anti-Airfield Weapon (SAAW)

• DRDO successfully test fired SAAW from Hawk-

1 jet of Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL).
• SAAW is indigenously designed stand-off
weapon developed capable of engaging
ground enemy airfield assets such as radars,
bunkers, taxi tracks, and runways etc. up to a
range of 100 kms.
 Supersonic Missile Assisted
Release of Torpedo (SMART)
• SMART is a missile assisted release of lightweight Anti-Submarine Torpedo
System for anti-submarine warfare (ASW) operations far beyond torpedo
range.

• It covers most of its flight in the air at lower altitudes with two-way data
link from the warship or an airborne submarine target detection system
and provides the exact location of the hostile submarine to correct its flight
path midway.

• Just when it approaches close enough to the submerged submarine, the

missile will eject the torpedo system into the water and the autonomous
torpedo will start moving towards its target to take out the submarine.
• Torpedo is a cigar-shaped, self-propelled underwater weapon, launched
from a submarine, surface vessel, or airplane and designed for exploding
upon contact with the hulls of surface vessels and submarines.
 • Varunastra is a ship launched, heavy weight, electrically-propelled anti-submarine torpedo
which is capable of targeting quiet submarines, both in deep and shallow waters.
Varunastra • The weapon has a range of 40 kilometers, can travel at a speed of up to 70 kilometers per
hour and dive to a maximum depth of 400 meters.
• It is developed by DRDO.