The immediate cause of the accident on November 04, 2025, was the projection of a foreign object during the hull polishing operation. The root cause was having multiple workers grinding the same area at the same time . Preventive measures should focus on ensuring adequate spacing between workers performing similar tasks to prevent similar accidents, such as implementing work area management and adequate protective gear, including purchasing full-face protection shields by the deadline of 14/11/2025 .

The proposed corrective and preventive actions included purchasing full-face protection shields by 14/11/2025 and organizing an individual briefing for the injured employee, which was completed on 06/11/2025 . These actions aim to enhance personal protective equipment and awareness, reducing the likelihood of foreign objects causing injuries in future operations and improving overall workplace safety .

Timely communication and reporting are crucial for the effectiveness of safety interventions, as evidenced by the accident reported promptly on November 05, 2025 . Prompt reporting ensures that accurate information is available swiftly, facilitating immediate and appropriate responses, such as first aid and subsequent medical intervention, and enabling quick decisions on corrective actions . It also allows for thorough investigations to determine causes and implement timely preventive measures, like the purchase of additional protective gear .

The first aid administered involved rinsing the injured individual's right eye with sterile water. The injured employee was then transferred to an ophthalmologist on 05/11/2025 for further examination and treatment, which suggests the initial first aid was effective in temporarily alleviating the symptoms before professional medical care was provided . The employee was able to return to work the following day, indicating that the combined response effectively addressed the injury .

The HSE management system responded by transferring the injured employee to an ophthalmologist and initiating corrective actions like purchasing additional protective gear and conducting individual briefings . However, further enhancement could include conducting a comprehensive risk assessment post-incident to identify additional safety gaps and implementing a continuous monitoring system to preemptively manage such risks. Enhancing training programs on hazard identification and response could also improve preparedness and reduce reliance on reactive measures .

Improving hazard identification and reporting mechanisms could involve integrating real-time monitoring systems to track environmental factors and activities continuously, coupled with regular training to sharpen employee hazard recognition skills. Establishing a clear, streamlined process for hazard reporting and response would encourage more proactive issue resolution. Additionally, promoting a safety culture where all employees feel responsible and empowered to report potential hazards can lead to a decrease in missed reporting opportunities .

The simultaneous working of multiple employees in the same location increases operational risks by elevating the likelihood of accidents due to crowding, interference, and difficulty in maintaining situational awareness. In the November 04, 2025 incident, this setup likely contributed to the root cause of the accident with foreign object projection due to shared workspace activities . Effective risk management strategies must reassess work area designs, introduce scheduling to minimize overlap, and enforce strict safety protocols to manage and distribute workloads safely .

Cultural and organizational attitudes towards safety significantly influence compliance and the effectiveness of safety gear. An organization that prioritizes safety tends to foster a culture of compliance wherein employees consistently adhere to safety protocols, including proper use of gear like safety glasses and full-face shields . Conversely, a culture that undervalues safety may lead to lax enforcement and adoption of safety measures. Promoting a safety-first mindset through leadership engagement, continuous safety education, and positive reinforcements can enhance compliance and gear effectiveness .

The welder was wearing safety glasses during the operation, which is a pre-existing safety measure that prevented more severe eye injury by potentially blocking larger fragments from entering the eye. Despite the foreign object causing irritation, the safety measure helped in mitigating what could have been a more severe injury . This highlights the importance of baseline protective gear but also indicates the need for more comprehensive protection like full-face shields, which are being considered as a corrective measure .

Despite the injured employee complying with PPE requirements by wearing safety glasses, the accident on November 04, 2025, revealed gaps in protection that standard equipment could not address . This indicates the need to continuously evaluate and upgrade PPE standards based on incident insights, such as introducing full-face shields to provide comprehensive coverage against airborne particles common in grinding operations . It underscores the principle that PPE should evolve with operational hazards to ensure maximum protection.