CIVL1110 – CIVL9110
Tutorial 7
Problem 1:
The following figure shows the tensile stress-strain curve for a plain-carbon steel.
(1) What is this alloy’s tensile strength?
(A) 650 MPa (C) 570 MPa
(B) 300 MPa (D) 3000 MPa
Answer:
(2) What is its modulus of elasticity?
(A) 320 GPa (C) 500 GPa
(B) 400 GPa (D) 215 GPa
(3) What is the yield strength?
(A) 550 MPa (C) 600 MPa
(B) 420 MPa (D) 1000 MPa
Problem 2:
A cylindrical specimen of stainless steel having a diameter of 12.8 mm and a gauge length of
50.800 mm is pulled in tension. Using the load-elongation data given below:
a) plot the data as engineering stress-engineering strain
b) compute the modulus of elasticity
c) determine the yield strength at a strain off-set of 0.002
d) determine the tensile strength of this alloy
e) what is the approximate ductility, in percent elongation.
Load (N) Elongation (mm)
0 50.800
12700 50.825
25400 50.851
38100 50.876
50800 50.902
76200 50.952
89100 51.003
92700 51.054
102500 51.181
107800 51.308
119400 51.562
128300 51.816
149700 52.832
159000 53.848
160400 54.356
159500 54.864
151500 55.880
124700 56.642
Problem 3:
A cylindrical metal specimen having an original diameter of 12.8 mm and gauge length of
50.80 mm is pulled in tension until fracture occurs. The diameter at the point of fracture is
8.13 mm and the fracture gauge length is 74.17 mm. Calculate the ductility in terms of percent
reduction in area and percent elongation.
Problem 4:
A large tower is to be supported by a series of steel wires. It is estimated that the load on each
wire will be 11,100 N. Determine the minimum required wire diameter assuming a factor of
safety of 2 and a yield strength of 1030 MPa.
Problem 5:
A single crystal of zinc is oriented for a tensile test such that its slip plane normal makes an
angle of 65° with the tensile axis. Three possible slip directions make angles of 30°, 48° and
78° with the same tensile axis.
a) which of these three slip directions is most favoured?
b) if plastic deformation begins at a tensile stress of 2.5 MPa, determine the critical resolved
shear stress for zinc.
Problem 6:
Consider a single crystal of some hypothetical metal that has a BCC crystal structure and is
oriented such that a tensile stress is applied along the [121] direction. If slip occurs on a (101)
plane and in a [1 11] direction, compute the stress at which the crystal yields if its critical
resolved shear stress is 2.4 MPa.
Problem 7:
Two previously undeformed specimens of the same metal are to be plastically deformed by
reducing their cross-sectional areas. One has a circular cross section, and the other is
rectangular. During deformation the circular cross section is to remain circular and the
rectangular is to remain rectangular. Their initial and deformed dimensions are as follows:
Circular (diameter, mm) Rectangular (mm)
Original dimensions 18.0 20 x 50
Deformed dimensions 15.9 13.7 x 55.1
Which of these specimens will be the hardest after plastic deformation, and why?
Problem 8:
The average grain diameter of an aluminium alloy is 14 μm with a strength of 185 MPa. The
same alloy with an average grain diameter of 50 μm has a strength of 140 MPa.
a) Determine the constants for the Hall-Petch equation for this alloy.
b) How much more should you reduce the grain size if you desired a strength of 220 MPa?
Problem 9:
The following data were obtained during tensile tests on magnesium single crystals at room
temperature. In the table, the angle Φ represents the angle between the loading direction and
the normal to the slip plane and the angle λ represents the angle between the loading direction
and the slip direction.
Φ (°) λ (°) Yield strength (MPa)
82 11 2.77
63 36 1.07
52 41 0.83
35 55 0.69
27 63 1.02
14 77 1.78
Confirm the validity of Schmid’s law for magnesium and determine the value of the critical
resolved shear stress of magnesium at room temperature.