1. For metals, two modes of fracture are possible: ……………… and ……………………...
Classification is based on the ability of a material to experience …………………………………….
Solution
For metals, two modes of fracture are possible: brittle and ductile. Classification is based on
the ability of a material to experience plastic deformation.
2. Sketch the tensile fracture profiles for (a) moderately ductile metals, and (b) brittle metals
Solution
(a) (b)
3. The fracture characteristics for moderately ductile metals after some necking is termed
………………. and ………………. fracture. Typically, the appearance of the central region of this
type of fracture is resulting from …………………………. loads, while the surrounding region
indicates the fracture is resulting from ……………………………………….. loading.
Solution
The fracture characteristics for moderately ductile metals after some necking is termed cup
and cone fracture. Typically, the appearance of the central region of this type of fracture is
resulting from tensile loads, while the surrounding region indicates the fracture is resulting
from shear loading.
4. For most brittle materials (e.g., cast iron and glass), their tensile strength is normally far lower
than their compression strength. Give a brief description about the reasons :
Solution
In tension, fracture takes place at an imperfection or microscopic crack and then spread
rapidly across the specimen. But in compression, the cracks or imperfections in the
specimen tend to close up.
5. The role of a crack in a member or component is to act as a …………… for the applied stress.
Solution
The role of a crack in a member or component is to act as a stress raiser for the applied stress.
6. KIc is the plane strain fracture toughness. The parameter measures a given material’s ability
to ………………………………… in the presence of a crack .
Solution
KIc is the plane strain fracture toughness. The parameter measures a given material’s ability
to resist fracture in the presence of a crack.
7. Sketch the residual tensile strength S of a central crack plate as a function of crack length a,
and mark the material’s yield strength σo and the transitional crack length at on the plot
Solution S
σo
at a
8. According to fracture mechanics, the residual strength of a material with a crack is directly
proportional to the material’s …………………………………………..
Solution
According to fracture mechanics, the residual strength of a material with a crack is directly
proportional to the material’s fracture toughness
9. List at least 3 factors that affect fatigue failure :
1.......................................................
2......................................................
3......................................................
Solution
1.......increasing σm level .......................................................
2.......surface effect (defect or surface treatment) ...............................
3.......environment impact ( creep or corrosion fatigue) ...................
10. Sketch the typical failure cross-section of rotating shaft, identify 3 critical areas.
Solution
1 Initiation 2 Propagation 3 Fracture