Higher Institute

TECHNOLOGICAL
SIMÓN BOLÍVAR

Academic Department:
Chemical Analysis Technology

UD: Quality Control of Products

Industrial II
THEME: Quality control of Toothpaste
DOCENTE:Ing. Lida Anaya Garro
LAST NAME AND FIRST NAME:

Erazo Capcha, Milena

Gallardo Baca, Deyanire
Gutiérrez Castillo, Chiara
Santos Vergara, Sandra
Tiburcio Rabbit, Diego

TAQ VI - Daytime
LIMA- PERU
FUNDAMENTALS OF QUALITY CONTROL II 1
 INDEX

Introduction--------------------------------------------------------- 3
Objectives------------------------------------------------------------- 4
Theoretical aspect----------------------------------------------------- 5
Experimental part------------------------------------------------ 11
Flowchart-------------------------------------------- 12
Data sheet -------------------------------------------------------14
Deduction of formulas------------------------------------------- 16
Practical Calculations ------------------------------------------------- 18
Certificate of analysis 32
Conclusions ------------------------------------------------------- 34
Bibliography ---------------------------------------------------------- 35

FUNDAMENTALS OF QUALITY CONTROL II 2

 INTRODUCTION

In this laboratory practice, we will carry out the quality control of the paste.
Toothpaste is very important in the world of personal hygiene.
therefore, there must be excellent quality control

The organoleptic or sensory analysis (of the senses) must be developed by

properly trained catchers must operate under strict rules and
established standards that allows them to be objective, methodical, and consistent
identify the flavors of the toothpaste

The pH analysis is very important to carry out; that is why we will follow this.
NTE INEN 1596 as well as performing the consistency and density test
using the mass/volume method will help us verify if the dough
dental is meeting the requirements set forth in the technical standard

FUNDAMENTALS OF QUALITY CONTROL II 3

OBJECTIVES:

FUNDAMENTALS OF QUALITY CONTROL II 4

 THEORETICAL ASPECT:
Toothpaste is used for dental cleaning, almost always with
atoothbrushThey usually containfluorineas sodium monofluorophosphate
(No2PO3F), clay, a little quartz,sodium fluoride(NaF) and the mineral most
importantcalcite.

The first toothpaste was created by the Egyptians 4000 years ago and it was
callclisterate. For to manufacture it he mixedstone
pomegranatepowderedsalt, pepper, water, ox nails, eggshell and myrrh.
However, toothpaste would not become commonly used until the 19th century.
At the beginning of the 19th century, the paste of
teeth were used withwater, but
theantisepticssoon they would win
popularity. The walking toothpaste
they had a housechalk, brickpowdered, and salt
as common ingredients. In1866, the
Home Cyclopedia recommended thecarbonof pulverized wood, and noted that certain
toothpastes

Toothpaste is composed of the following cleaning ingredients.

(representados en porcentajes aproximados):
Water and moisturizers: 75%
Abrasives: 20% (rocks/salt/sands)
Foam and flavor agents: 2%
pH Buffers: 2%
Dyes and agents that dull and agglutinate: 1.5%
Fluoride0.15%

The active ingredients most commonly used in toothpaste are:

Sodium lauryl sulfate acts as a cleansing agent, weakening the

deposits on the surface of the teeth. They are detergent substances.

FUNDAMENTALS OF QUALITY CONTROL II 5

 Fluoride. It is responsible for the prevention of dental cavities, and also
helps in the remineralization of the tooth.

Pyrophosphates. These compounds, when incorporated into the pastes

Dental products have the function of preventing what is commonly known as tartar.

These compounds do not remove hardened tartar by themselves, making it necessary

in these cases a professional cleaning in consultation.

Triclosan, which facilitates the removal of dental plaque, which is a film

colored and sticky that forms on the surfacecasinoof the tooth. It is a great
antibacterial agent.

Potassium nitrate, potassium citrate, strontium chloride. They are salts that
they are incorporated into the pastes to give them a desensitizing action on areas
of the tooth. They are incorporated in toothpaste that indicates action 'teeth
sensitive.

A small amount of fluoride is good for preventing cavities, but a quantity

excessive fluoride can produce dental fluorosis (weakness and staining of the
teeth), so it is essential to rinse your mouth well after brushing your
teeth with toothpaste that contains fluoride. In Europe, the concentration
the maximum allowed level of fluoride is 1500ppm(0.15%). Those toothpastes with more
of 1000 ppm of fluoride, must be for exclusive use by adults or include a
safety warning on its labeling.
Fluoride is much more toxic in children. For that reason, toothpaste for
children have a third of the fluoride that we can find in that of the
adults. An excess of fluoride in children can cause nerve disturbances,
lack of attention and the aforementioned dental fluoridation. It is extremely important
use special toothpaste for children and rinse their mouths well
after brushing with toothpaste that contains fluoride.

There is also a way to produce homemade toothpaste, for which you need
mix three portions ofsodium bicarbonate, a portion ofsalt, glycerin and
essence tomintfor a fresh flavor.

FUNDAMENTALS OF QUALITY CONTROL II 6

Commercial toothpastes usually havesaccharinsodiumsteviaosucralose, the
which give a sweet taste without producingcarries, which it does do
thesugarcommon.

TYPES OF TOOTHPASTE:

There are countless toothpaste options on the market, fortunately there are.
for all tastes and needs. The most common pastas are those that have
fluoride, those for sensitive teeth, those for plaque prevention, those for
they control tartar and those that are for whitening the teeth.

Grated pasta.

Striped toothpaste is achieved by placing pastes of two colors.

different, contained in separate chambers within the container. When pressing the
tube, this pushes the paste from the different parts through the nozzle, creating the effect
"striped". Currently, this type of toothpaste is not available through the
separation of the pastes of different colors in cells within the tube, but not
through a game of different densities. The pastes of different colors, are
are found differentiated within the tube, for example, in the following way: the
white at the bottom due to its lower density and the blue or red at the top with
a higher density is responsible for drawing the striations. It is the design of the
nozzle the person in charge of distributing both components making the curious drawing.
This nozzle has at its bottom an end similar to the one that is seen
at the top. The submerged part reaches up to the white paste crossing the
blue or red approximately 1 centimeter, the part of the tube in contact with the
the upper plate is perforated and ribbed on its inner faces
that distributes the striped drawing in the form of 'channels'.

Anti-caries pastes.

They have a certain content ofFluorinein its formula,

for these pastes to be considered effective
they must have at least 1000 ppm (parts per
million). In formulations for children often
have 500 ppm and usually come flavored
for example fruit flavor, bubblegum flavor,
raspberry flavor, etc.

Toothpaste for Sensitive Teeth.

FUNDAMENTALS OF QUALITY CONTROL II 7

Its active ingredients provide relief against the
dental sensitivity in two ways. First, they block
the neuronal response to pain and secondly obstruct the
dentin passage. The characteristic ingredients of
this type of toothpaste contains Potassium Nitrate, or
Arginine. It is recommended that before acquiring a
this type of toothpaste consult a doctor about the type of sensitivity that
the product is obtained and acquired with the specified ingredient for that type of
sensitivity.

Anti-Scale Paste.

It is said that this type of toothpaste prevents the

tartar formation and the delay. Its ingredients
Commonly used actives are Pyrophosphate or Zinc Citrate.

Anti-Plaque Paste.

This type of toothpaste inhibits plaque buildup

dental bacteria and reduces the toxic effects of the
bacterial toxin that surrounds dental tissue. Likewise
reduce the occurrence of diseases in the gums such as
gingivitis. The characteristic ingredients of this type
The antibacterial agents in toothpaste are Triclosan or Zinc Citrate.

Whitening Toothpastes.

This type of toothpaste contains mild abrasives.

that help to remove stains on the surface of
the teeth, giving a whitening effect. The
long-term effects of this type of toothpaste
they are unknown so far.

FUNDAMENTALS OF QUALITY CONTROL II 8

EXPERIMENTAL PART:
Materials

Cylinder
Tongs
Brush
Asbestos mesh
Tripod
Lighter
Petric Plates
Weights
Graph paper

Reagents

Distilled water
Sample (Toothpaste)

Teams

Stove
Analytical balance
Muffler
Potentiometer

FUNDAMENTALS OF QUALITY CONTROL II 9

 DETERMINATION OF DENSITY

WASHAND
SECAR CORRECTLY THE CYLINDER

SORROW
THE DRY CYLINDER

SAMPLE

PLACE THE SAMPLE IN THE CYLINDER WITHOUT FORMING

BUBBLES AND
MARK.

BATHROOM
MARIA Submerge in a water bath for 15 minutes.

PAIR UP

MATCH THE SAMPLE AROUND THE CYLINDER WITHOUT

NO BUBBLE

SORROW
DRY WEIGH AND MEASURE THE CYLINDER

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FUNDAMENTALS OF QUALITY CONTROL II
0
TO NOTE

DETERMINATION OF CONSISTENCY:

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FUNDAMENTALS OF QUALITY CONTROL II
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PLACE
THE FILTER PAPER ON THE PLATE

SORROW
0.5 g SAMPLE, IN THE CENTER OF
FILTER PAPER

PUT
THE SECOND PLATE ON THE SAMPLE
(IN THE CENTER)

PUT
500g WEIGHT IN THE CENTER OF THE PLATE
FOR 10 MINUTES

MEASURE
THE MINIMUM AND MAXIMUM DISTANCES
ROUTES.

DATOS

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FUNDAMENTALS OF QUALITY CONTROL II
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 DETERMINATION OF pH:

SORROW
1 g OF SAMPLE

DILUTE

1 ml OF WATER (1:1)

MEASURE
MEASURE THE pH of the sample

TO NOTE
DATOS

DATA SHEET:
DATOS DEL PRODUCTO
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FUNDAMENTALS OF QUALITY CONTROL II
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 ANALYST pH TEMPERATURE
GUTIERREZ 5.96 24.9
SAINTS 5.86 22.6
TIBURCIO 5.70 22.5
AVERAGE 5.84 23.3

BRAND OF
Oral - B
PRODUCT
RUC 20100127165

PHONE 080055791

DATE OF
05-20-19
EXPIRATION

ORGANOLEPTIC ANALYSIS

SAMPLE Toothpaste: ORAL B

APPEARANCE Pasty solid

COLOR White

COLOR Mint - camphor

FLAVOR Mint

Extrusion Continue

ANALYSIS: pH

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FUNDAMENTALS OF QUALITY CONTROL II
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CONSISTENCY ANALYSIS: ERAZO

Measures
11 minimum
16
21
21 maximum
19
21
Average 17.67
Result
Minimum consistency: 11
Maximum consistency: 21
Average consistency: 17.67

CONSISTENCY ANALYSIS: Gallardo

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FUNDAMENTALS OF QUALITY CONTROL II
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Measures
12 minimum
14
15
21 maximum
15
20
Average: 16.17

Result
Minimum consistency: 12
Maximum consistency: 21
Average consistency: 16.17

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FUNDAMENTALS OF QUALITY CONTROL II
6
 ANALYSIS
CONSISTENCY:
GUTIERREZ

Measures
15 mm
Minimum
19 mm Maximum
17.5 mm
16 mm
Promedio : 17

Result
Minimum consistency: 15 mm
Maximum thickness: 19 mm
Average consistency: 17 mm

1
FUNDAMENTALS OF QUALITY CONTROL II
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CONSISTENCY ANALYSIS: Santos

Measures
10.3 mm minimum
13 mm
19 mm
20 mm
21 mm
22 mm maximum
Average 17.55
Result
Minimum consistency: 10.3 mm
Maximum consistency: 22 mm
Average consistency: 17.55 mm

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FUNDAMENTALS OF QUALITY CONTROL II
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ANALYSIS
CONSISTENCY: Tiburcio

Measures
12 mm minimum
19 mm
20 mm
18 mm
15 mm
24 mm maximum
Average 18
Result
Minimum consistency: 12 mm
Maximum consistency: 24 mm
Average consistency: 18 mm

1
FUNDAMENTALS OF QUALITY CONTROL II
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CERTIFICATE OF ANALYSIS:

CONTROL AND QUALITY OF TOOTHPASTE

Organoleptic analysis

Appearance: Thick, maintain the shape of the nozzle, without

present phases, air bubbles and lumps free

Extrusion: Continuous mass

Physicochemical analysis

pH : 4.5 – 10

densidad : mínimo 1.2 - máximo 1.7g /ml

consistencia : 20 mm mínimo – 80 mm máximo

2
FUNDAMENTALS OF QUALITY CONTROL II
0
 COMPARISON OF RESULTS with the standard of
reference:

Fulfill /
According to the standard
Obtained
Parameter No
in practice
birthday
pasty, maintain
the form of the
nozzle, without
present phases, Fulfill
Appearance
free bubbles of Paste-like solid
air and lumps

MEETS
Extrusion continuous mass Continue

FULFILL
pH 4.5 - 10 5.84

minimum 1.2 - COMPLETES

Density
maximum 1.7g/ml

20 mm minimum - 80 Birthday
Consistency
mm maximum

2
FUNDAMENTOS DE CONTROL DE CALIDAD II
1
QUALITY CONTROL OF THE LABEL:

1. TYPE OF WRAPPING:
Biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP)
[Link] OR VARNISH ADHERENCE:
GRADE A (the print does not show any ink peeling off any
color
3. DETERMINATION OF THE PRINT RESISTANCE TO
SCRATCH, SCRATCH OR SCRATCHED:
GRADE A (The print does not show any ink detachment of any kind)
color
[Link] STABILITY
Grade A (the packaging, when exposed for 72 hours at 25°C, shows no signs of
visible alterations, no bubbles, phases, changes of
coloration.
5. DETERMINATION OF THE PRINTED RESISTANCE TO
FOLDING
Grade A (the printed inks remain intact, with no loss of color)
no fractures

TYPE OF
ANALYSIS RESULT
WRAPPING
Recognition of the
Polypropylene (PP) It stretches and does not break
type of wrapping
The print does not present
Ink adhesion or
GRADE A detachment of
varnish
no ink
Resistance of The print does not present
printed with a scratch GRADE A ink detachment
scratch or scratched of no color
no alterations present
visible, does not present
Chemical stability Grade A
bubbles, phases, changes
of coloring
the printed inks
Determination of the
remain intact, without
resistance of the printed to Grade A
loss of color nor
folding
breakages

2
FUNDAMENTALS OF QUALITY CONTROL II
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CONCLUSIONS:
After conducting the practice and obtaining the results, it is concluded:

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FUNDAMENTALS OF QUALITY CONTROL II
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ANNEXES
Types of toothpaste

Anti-caries pastes: They have a certain content ofFluorinein its formula, for
For these pastes to be considered effective, they must have at least 1000 ppm.
(parts per million). In formulations for children they usually have 500 ppm and
they usually come flavored like for example fruit flavor, flavor of
gum, raspberry flavor, etc.

Toothpaste for Sensitive Teeth: Its active ingredients provide relief

against dental sensitivity in two ways. First, they block the
neural response to pain and second obstruct the passage of dentin. The
characteristic ingredients of this type of toothpaste are Potassium of
Nitrate, or Arginine. It is recommended that before acquiring a toothpaste
of this type, consult a doctor about the type of sensitivity you have.
and the product is acquired with the indicated ingredient for that type of
sensitivity.

Anti-Tartar Paste: It is said that this type of toothpaste prevents

tartar formation and retarding it. Its active ingredients are commonly
Zinc Pyrophosphate or Citrate.

Anti-Plaque Toothpaste: This type of toothpaste inhibits the accumulation of plaque.

dentobacteriana and reduces the toxic effects of the bacterial toxin that
surrounds the dental tissue. They also reduce the occurrence of diseases in
the gum like gingivitis. The characteristic ingredients of this type of
Dental paste contains Triclosan or Zinc Citrate.

Whitening Toothpaste: This type of toothpaste contains

soft abrasives that help remove stains on the surface of the
teeth, giving a whitening effect. The long-term effects of this
The types of toothpaste are unknown so far.

2
FUNDAMENTALS OF QUALITY CONTROL II
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Places where toothpaste is frequently compared

Types of toothpaste and prices

BIBLIOGRAPHY:

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FUNDAMENTALS OF QUALITY CONTROL II
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[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]/dientes
[Link]/toothpaste-use
[Link]

qid=2ede542d-8ec5-4f13-9480-56744e960e5e&v=&b=&from_search=1
[Link]
[Link]

1/practices-1/[Link]

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FUNDAMENTALS OF QUALITY CONTROL II
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