Chapter 6

Summary
Communication
The Information Society
it is a phenomenon of profound transformation of life and relationships between
individuals, governments, companies, and organizations for the intensive use of ICT,
technologies that facilitate the creation, distribution, and manipulation of information and
play an essential role in social, cultural, and economic activities. The
the notion of the information society has been inspired by the programs of
development of industrialized countries, and the term has had a connotation
rather political than theoretical, since it often presents itself as an aspiration
strategic that would allow overcoming social stagnation.

Data
La información es cualquier entrada que cambia las probabilidades (o las certezas)
in any case. Hence, an entry that increases uncertainty is
information

Information
it is an organized set of processed data that constitutes a message that
it changes the state of knowledge of the subject or system that receives said message.

Communication
it is the conscious action of exchanging information between two or more participants
to transmit or receive different information or opinions. The basic steps
of communication are the formation of an intention to communicate, the composition
of the message, the encoding of the message, the transmission of the signal, the reception of
the signal, the decoding of the message, and finally, the interpretation of the message
by a receiver.

Communication generally takes place between three main categories of subjects:

human beings (language), living organisms (biosemiotics) and devices
enabled communication (cybernetics).
In a general sense, communication is the union, the contact with other beings, and
it can be defined as the process by which information is transmitted from
from one point to another.

Functions of Communication
Control: The sender intends to control the behavior of the receiver, for example,
establishing a system of social rewards and penalties.
Motivation: The sender intends to motivate the receiver in the realization of
certain acts, for example, the boss within a company.
Emotional expression: Communication is presented as the means to express.
ideas, emotions, for example, employees can communicate what they think of
your company.
Informative: It relates to the transmission and reception of information.
through it the recipient accesses the flow of social and historical experience.

The Communication Process

Communication process
The basic process of communication is when a person 'sender'
it contacts another 'recipient' through a message (which is sent
through a channel) and expects that the latter will respond to what has been
has transmitted.
In the process we are dealing with, six basic elements come into play,
which are:
[Link]
It is the one who sends the message to one or several recipients.

2. Encoding
It is the process through which the sender prepares the message so that it can
to be understood by the receiver. The way the sender formulates the
The message will depend on the content of what you want to communicate, on the channel
that he/she chooses to disclose it, of the moment and the place where he/she is going to transmit it
information, of the language that will be used and of the culture possessed by the one who
is going to receive.

[Link]
It is the content of the communication that the sender transmits with a
intention. To ensure the proper interpretation of the message that is being
it is necessary for the sender to know who they are addressing,
 knowledge y on culture.
Even so, in order to prevent distortion in the transmitted messages,
a message must: be conveyed clearly so that the receiver
understand the content of the message; the message that the sender provides must
to be credible; so that the sender is sure that the message was received,
Many times it is necessary to repeat the concepts until the receiver gives
some sign that it was understood; it is also important that the information
that what we are conveying is useful and serves those it is addressed to.
The receiver that is supposed to know the signs used by the
The sender, upon receiving a message, must prepare a response.
The less effort the receiver uses to understand the
the greater the message, the higher the probability that the message will be received exactly as it was
transmitted.
[Link]
It is the medium through which the message reaches the recipient, such as:
["letters","telephone","radio","newspapers","emails","magazines","conferences"]
etc.
5. The channels used within organizations can be formal
and informal ones. The formal ones are those that the company makes available to its
employees to communicate, are planned and structured; the informal ones
they arise spontaneously according to relationships and the type of
approach that exists among the members of the organization. The channels
informal ones are those that pass from one person to another and deform with each
transmission. They are those over which the company has no control;
called rumors, gossip, etc.
6. Communication channels, according to their direction, are divided into:
7. Vertical downward channels: They are the ones used by bosses when
they must address one or several subordinates to communicate what it is
should or should not do. The most commonly used channels of this type in the
organizations are: orders, instructions, circulars, etc.
8.> Ascending vertical channels: It is the reverse of the previous one, it is the one used.
by employees when they should address their superiors. Many times
this channel is neglected and more importance is given to the channels
descendants, but this channel is essential since on one hand the employee
there is freedom of expression and on the other hand the bosses can obtain information
about the interests and duties of their subordinates. The most channels
used are: reports, documents, complaints, suggestions, etc.
9. › Canales horizontales:Son los utilizados por individuos de un mismo nivel
hierarchical, whether in higher or lower levels, are transmitted and
they exchange experiences, ideas, opinions, knowledge, information, etc.
 10. Decoding
It is the process in which the receiver of the communication tries to understand the
message received. In order for the transmitted message to arrive successfully moreover
that the sender must know the recipient's codes, in turn the
the receiver must interpret what the sender transmits not only verbally but also
through their gestures, the tone of their voice, their gaze, etc. Also
do environmental or emotional factors influence the way it develops
communication.
This is the reverse process of encoding.
1. Receptor
It is the person to whom the message is directed, whether an individual or a
group of individuals. At the moment in which the receiver receives the message,
it initiates a mental process by which it decodes and adopts an attitude towards
he, either of reaction or of assimilation.

Human Communication
Communication is a process of transferring information from one entity.
to another. Communication processes are a sign of interactions mediated by
the least between two agents that share a repertoire of signs and rules
semiotics. Communication is commonly defined as 'the imparting or
exchange of ideas, opinions or information verbally, in writing, or by
signs". Although there is no such thing as unidirectional communication, the
communication can be perceived more as a bidirectional process in which
there is an exchange and the progression of thoughts, feelings, or ideas (of
energy) towards a common accepted goal or direction.

Importance of communication

Communication: vital and inherent to the human condition

As social beings, people need to communicate.
Communication allows transmitting information and exchanging or sharing ideas, which
that enriches the human experience. Communication is of vital importance for
develop our potential.
Communication has been deeply studied from the social sciences.
especially from linguistics, and it was clear that it is a complex process
that involves the figure of a sender who transmits a message to a receiver, through a
given channel, in a given context, using a pre-established code, that
obviamente debe ser conocido por el emisor y el receptor. Se trata de un proceso
dynamic back and forth that involves various skills.

Source persuasion factors

The source is the person who transmits the message and three characteristics of it
they impact the persuasive capacity of the message:
The more similar the source is to us, the more credible we find it.
The message results. This is the reason why television ads show
actors who represent the target market of the advertised product.
Additionally, we have already seen in the previous post that the more personal the message is,
it reaches us more. Therefore, if we identify with the sender of the message, this
will influence our behavior more.

Persuasion factors of the message

The arguments presented constitute the content of the message. They may be based on
in providing information or in emotions, both positive, such as happiness, as
negatives, for example, fear. The factors that influence the effectiveness of
mensaje son dos:
Length: long messages are effective if they are strong and therefore the
process the central system. If the arguments are weak and the message is long, the
influence will be scarce.
Discrepancy: the messages that diverge too much from the initial attitude of the
audience will probably be ignored. This explains that attitudes tend to
become more extreme over time.
Persuasion factors of the recipient
A rather superficial and generalized definition of what communication is.
It would say that communication is the action or process through which there exists a
exchange of information of any kind between two or more individuals. It is worth mentioning
also, that this process is dynamic, transactional, which affects both the sender
from the message, to whom or to whom it is heard and received. It can be added to
this definition, furthermore, that communication is a symbolic key of
personal abstractions.
Communication is a strange, rather exotic field of communication.
human.
Consonance
In the field of music, consonance aims to highlight the quality of the
sounds that, when appreciated simultaneously, create a pleasant effect.
Consonance
It is worth noting that it is possible to establish an opposition between consonance and
dissonance. Musical intervals with consonance have a less tense effect
that those where there is dissonance.

Types of interpersonal communication

Direct interpersonal communication refers to clear and obvious messages that
can be easily understood by the receiver. The sender controls this type of
verbal and non-verbal messages. The channels of verbal communication include l
use of spoken and written words. On the other hand, those of non-verbal communication
they are based on facial expressions, hand gestures, movements with the
body, colors, and sounds. The movements of the body and the whistles of a police officer
directing traffic is an example of non-verbal communication and communication
direct interpersonal.

The other type of interpersonal communication involves indirect channels that

usualmente son captados por el receptor de forma subliminal o subconsciente. Los
emitters usually do not control this type of interpersonal communication
indirect. Instead of the desired message, the emotions, feelings, motivations
and desires that are communicated to others through body language and movements
anatomical or almost imperceptible expressions. For example, a false social smile
it uses voluntary facial muscles, while a genuine smile uses
many involuntary muscle groups at once.

Informal communication channels

These are channels that are not usually supported by any media.
institutional so that information is produced and transmitted more directly,
quick and participatory. Informal channels are more ephemeral and are limited to
certain recipients. They generally serve as a filter for formal communication.
Examples: communications, teleconferences, preprints, conference proceedings
unpublished..., which are transmitted through email, news groups,
distribution lists, etc.
Informal channels are distinguished from formal ones in that they allow for a
more immediate interaction between the information sender and the receiver of the
same, however, currently the use of the Internet is making that
distinction becomes less and less perceptible each day.

Barriers to communication
They are the barriers or obstacles that may arise during the communicative process.
These factors hinder or make it difficult tocommunicationdeforming the message u
obstructing the overall process of communication.

Physical Barriers: They are the circumstances that occur not in people, but
in the environment and that hinder good communication examples: noise,
lighting, distance, failure or deficiency of the means used to transmit
un mensaje: teléfono, micrófono, grabadora, televisión, etc.
Semantic Barriers: It is the meaning of words; when it is not specified.
meaning, these lend themselves to different interpretations and thus the receiver does not interpret
what the speaker said, but what their cultural context indicates to them. For example, if a
a person places an order and says they want it 'as soon as possible', this can
to have different meanings, from the person who understands it as
immediately, to the point where it is understood as 'quick but not so urgent.'
Semantic Barriers
Physiological Barriers: Prevent the clear and precise emission or reception of a message.
due to the physiological defects of the sender or the receiver. Such defects can
affect any of the senses. Whether totally or partially. For example:
Alteration of those organs that constitute the senses, deficiency in the
writing, reading, listening through music or loud sounds.
Physiological Barriers
Psychological Barriers: They represent the particular psychological situation of the sender or
receiver of information, sometimes caused by liking or rejection towards it
receiver or sender, as the case may be, or even to the message being communicated; the
deficiency or deformation can also be due to emotional states (fear,
hate, sadness, joy) or to prejudices to approve or disapprove what is said to them, no
Read what is written, do not understand or believe what you hear or read.

Psychological Barriers
Administrative Barriers: These can be due to lack of planning, budgets
unexplained, semantic distortions, deficient expression, loss in the
transmission and poor retention, poor listening and premature evaluation, communication
impersonal, distrust, threat and fear; insufficient period to adjust to
change; or information overload.
Organizational communication
It is known by all of us, and if not in the exact words, at least in
essence, that communication is the process by which one person transmits
information to another person, and it is the objective of all communication; in the case of the
empresas en particular la transmisión de información es una actividad diaria y de
great importance, that is why there is "organizational communication."
Generally, in this subject, obstacles or barriers arise that prevent the
correct process of transmission of business, personal or other data
organizational.

In the first section, the concept of organizational communication is defined; in the

In the second section, we delve into the elements that comprise a process of
communication; in the third section, the topic of formal communication is addressed.
informal within an organization; in the fourth section, the theme of
internal and external communication, in order to focus on the section that talks about
about the flows that this internal communication can follow. It also
it deals with the theme of barriers in communication and finally the audit in the
communication process.

How to Improve Organizational Communication

Considering that the communication process is only successful when the

the recipient receives, understands and interprets the message, consider the
Characteristics of the target audience are essential for the success of this tool. In
in this sense, the communication process should focus on the profile of the
workers of the organization in question.

Each person has their own construction of meanings, being influenced by

all cultural load acquired during life. That is to say, individuals are not the same,
so they think and act differently.

Enthusiasm can vary from person to person, as it is an internal process.

However, motivation is influenced by external factors, which includes the
the way the company communicates and interacts with the employee.
The reverse also occurs: human behavior within the organization
varies according to the personal experience of each worker, and the communication
It must adapt and take those individual differences into account.

Thus, the communication strategy needs to consider the common points of the
collaborators to provide positive results. The way of expressing oneself,
the choice of words, the tone of voice, or the medium used in communication
these are some of the resources that must be considered during the practice of the
communication, as they influence the way the receiver will interpret the message
received.
Team accumulation
Communication is the foundation of teamwork. In this note, we include
some advice from recognized experts regarding teamwork. "The
"The Fifth Discipline" by Peter Senge is the foundation of this article.

The ability to manage work teams is recognized in those people

who understand and properly manage the art of getting along with everyone
the people.
That is to say, those who are capable of working in a team understand the wealth of
Establish appropriate human relationships in the different fields of life.
Access to information and use in the organization
Information can change the way we see the world around us,
our place in it and the way we organize our lives to take advantage
to the maximum the benefits available thanks to our local resources. The
fact-based decision making can significantly modify
our political, social, and economic perspectives. The right to access to
information can be interpreted within the legal frameworks that support the
freedom of information regarding the information that is in the hands of
the public organs, or in a broader sense, also including the information
what other parts have, in which case it is directly linked to freedom
of expression.

The freedom of information and the transparency it promotes have a

direct consequence in the fight against corruption, which in turn has an effect
tangible in development. The former President of the World Bank, James Wolfensohn,
it used to indicate that the corruption of the authorities was the main obstacle to
development and that an independent media sector was the
primordial instrument in the fight against public corruption.
Together
Las juntas de comunicación al interior de la compañía son una de las actividades
strategies that must be promoted in an internal communication plan with the
objective of achieving interaction spaces with collaborators to strengthen the
open two-way communication.

Corporate events always seek a specific objective that pursues the

organization that develops them, hence there is a great variety of types of
corporate events such as launches, training sessions, celebrations,
conventions, fairs, conferences, among others.

On this particular occasion, I will focus on the communication meetings to

collaborators, such as corporate events that achieve a positive impact for the
strengthening communication within an organization.

Although many organizations worldwide currently recognize the value of

there are very few that actually achieve effectiveness and openness to this. Like
Federico Varona mentions in his book 'Multicultural Management', 'with openness
In communication, we refer to the willingness to share information.
openly with the superior or employee and be open to receiving the information that
comes from them.

Communication meetings or discussions for collaborators are spaces

open channels of communication aimed at raising awareness of relevant issues and
news from the company directly, answering questions about the
public and receive their comments, so that communication can take place in
dual track. Generally, they are led by high-ranking officials of the companies and
Ideally, they should have a defined periodicity according to the flow of
information managed by the organization. A quarterly schedule allows for
the meetings should have substantial content and a reasonable length.

Just like most events, a communication meeting or conservatory should

to consider various points to keep in mind to achieve your success. First of all,
we need to define its message and the central focus it will be aimed at, otherwise
way, it would not have an end in itself. "If an event is never justified by itself,
it is because the mere perfection of forms leads only to overturning our
energies and resources in an aesthetic preciosism that today is hardly
justifiable in organizational terms.

In the second instance, it is necessary to consider the logistical aspects of the event to
ensure that no detail is left to chance. Some of the most essential to have
take into account:

Define the spokespersons and leaders of the Board.

Define the date of the event, according to the availability of the speakers' schedules.

Define the group of guests as attendees.

According to the date, book the place.
Define the setup of the place and food for the moment, according to
the time and the attendees.
Call: Prepare and send the invitation to the event at least 20 days in advance
in advance.
Validate what technology means are needed and conduct a test of their
operation.