NATIONAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE

HIGH SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

ZACATENCO UNIT

LEARNING UNIT: THEOREMS OF ELECTRIC CIRCUITS

PROFESOR: ALEJANDRO PERÉZ LÓPEZ

PROJECT #4: LED RECTIFIER

MEMBERS:
ADAME MEJÍA IÓSIV JACOBO

HERNÁNDEZ CANALES JOSUÉ

REYES BLAS TAVATA MONTSERRAT

GROUP: 4CM1
Theoretical framework.

Rectifier:

Rectifiers are electronic devices or circuits that manage to transform the current.
alternating in direct current.

The standard way energy is transmitted to homes and businesses is through current.
alternating. The task of the rectifiers is to convert that current into direct current for
that the equipment operates correctly. Without this correction, the alternating current could
cause serious damage to the devices.

The rectifiers are composed of rectifier diodes that allow for conduction.
the current in one direction.

-Rectifier diodes:

The name 'rectifier diodes' is directly related to their use or function.

The rectifier diode is a two-terminal semiconductor device that allows the flow of
the electric current in one direction or sense as it manages to block the current when it
it circulates in the opposite direction. Thanks to its behavior, it manages to convert alternating current into
direct current.

Types of rectifiers:

Según el tipo de rectificación se dividen en:

1.- Half-wave rectifiers

Half-wave rectifiers work by allowing half of the alternating current to pass through.
from a diode, converting in this step half of the alternating current into electric current
Direct. Half-wave rectifiers are not very efficient because they only convert half of the
alternating current (whether positive or negative) into direct current. On the contrary, the
half-wave rectifiers are much less complicated and only require one diode for their
functioning.

According to the allowed waveforms, half-wave rectifiers can be subdivided into:

Positive half-wave rectifier: blocks the negative half cycle and allows positive half cycles.
through the diode.
Negative half-wave rectifier: it blocks the positive half-cycle and allows negative half-cycles.
through the diode.
2.- Full-wave rectifiers
Full-wave rectifiers are more complex than half-wave rectifiers, but
they are also much more efficient. Full-wave rectifiers generally use four
diodes to operate. They allow alternating current to pass through the system of four diodes.
replacing the entire current with a direct current.

According to the power supply, they are divided into:

Single-phase rectifiers: They are powered by one phase of the electrical network. The most common type
The simple rectifier is the half-wave single-phase, which features a single diode between the source.
of alternate power supply and charging.

- Three-phase rectifier: It performs the same task as a single-phase rectifier, with the
the only difference is that they are powered by three-phase sources. Thanks to this feature, the
Three-phase rectifiers are much more efficient and can handle large powers.
frequency is used in the industrial sector to produce direct currents that drive loads
of high power.

Rectifier Bridge:

Also known as a diode rectifier bridge or diode bridge, the rectifier bridge is
a device composed of four coupled diodes in such a way that an alternating current,
connected to only two of them, it manages to produce a direct current output to the two diodes
remaining.

It is used in many devices, both at the industrial and domestic levels. For example, we can
mention the mobile phone chargers that use a diode bridge.

For the rectification of the current to effectively occur, it is necessary to connect the four.
diodes in a specific form, known as rectification configuration. This is how
effectively ends with half of the input alternating current cycle and allows the passage
only to the other half across the bridge. In addition, it always maintains the positive pole and the
negative coming out through the same diodes.

Materials and Instruments.

-4 LEDs of the same color.

1.- the following circuit will be built:

connecting it to a variable alternating voltage source and adjusting it to 20 Vpp

A channel of the oscilloscope will be connected in parallel to the 2.2k ohm resistor to
measure the voltage (in direct current) and see that it gives 10 Vpp (if necessary adjust the source)
voltage until it gives an approximate value.

3.- Observe that the wave is being rectified.

Once we have that, we connect the capacitor in parallel, the 330 ohm resistor in
series and the chameleon LED in parallel.

5.- We observed the behavior of the Chameleon LED.

6.- We measure the voltage of the resistor in direct current with the multimeter.

7.- We measure the current of the voltage source with the multimeter.
8.- We calculate the power of the circuit.

9.- We performed the calculations to connect the circuit to the main connection of a residential house.
10.- We tested the circuit.

Calculations.

For the power:

P = (V)*(I) = (10.2 V)*(2.81 x10-3A) = 28.66 mW

For the resistor that will go to the main supply circuit of a house:
V = 127 v
I = 2.81 mA
According to Ohm's law:

127 v
R= = = 45 kΩ
I 2.81 10 -3

Evidence.

Circuit connected to the variable voltage source Circuit connected to the main service of
a residential house
 Seal

Conclusion.

Adame Mejía Iósiv Jacobo: With the execution of this project, we were able to verify that with a
a diode rectifier bridge can convert alternating current voltage to direct current and
turning positive the signals of the alternating current in addition to the fact that with the chameleon it was observed the
change that this rectifier bridge generates.

Hernández Canales Josué: The behavior of a bridge was observed and verified.
rectifier, which changes alternating current to direct current, also
by performing the relevant calculations, an additional resistor was added which protects
the circuit when connecting it to the main supply of a house-room

Reyes Blas Tavata Montserrat: After trying to complete the circuit many times and failing several times
We learned how to use the Zener diode and correctly build the circuit, we had others
small observations, but ultimately, they are mistakes we are prone to make.
We use 4 LEDs of the same color, with a resistor and also the diode, which serves as a regulator.
of tension or as a reference of tension, its main function lies in the fact that the tension at
through it remains constant even when there is a significant change in current. After
we connected a resistor with a capacitor to be able to connect the chameleon, we solved the
power equation in order to know what resistance we needed to support the
120 volts from street current.