Introduction to Computer Operations
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ScribdTranslationsIntroduction to Computer Operations
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ScribdTranslationsComputing is the science that studies the creation and functioning of computers to
the process of interpreting and executing commands so that the input information can
to be processed.
The main tool of computing is the computer. A computer or a
A computer is a machine that can process data using a calculating rule.
Programmable..At first, information processing (input and output of data) is limited
to the transformation of numbers. With an increasingly greater performance, new
Application areas. Computers are present today in all areas of everyday life.
For example, microcomputers are integrated for the control of washing machines and other appliances.
everyday items such as vending machines, mobile phones, laptops, etc.
The fundamental operations of a computer are divided into 4 stages or functions.
what are:
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2. Process.
3. Storage.
4. Exit.
The computer relies on its components to perform these operations:
yHardware - it is the part that interacts directly with the user of a computer.
the real world, that is to say, it is the part that the user can touch of a computer.
y Software.- this is the internal part of the computer, it consists of series of previously set orders
stored that help translate the user's actions in the real world into language
from the computer and thus achieve its proper functioning.
Entry operation.
The physical devices through which data is entered into computers are called
input units. Input units convert the entered information into codes
binaries that are translated and processed by the computer. The most used devices in the
The current input devices are: the mouse and the keyboard.
The keyboard is the most used unit for entering data into the computer. Keyboards are
devices that resemble a typewriter where the keys or buttons of it
represent each one or more writing symbols or letters. The most important key of a
The keyboard is the enter key, usually has a drawn arrow, in some countries.
it is also titled as return or intro. It is important because it indicates the end of the
data input, so that the computer can execute the commands.
The mouse is a device that allows you to point to the options offered on the screen.
various graphic interface programs, to carry out a specific task. Generally
They have 2 buttons, although there are some with more. These buttons allow simulating that the key is pressed.
enter. In this way, if the screen is asking what action to take, and there is a
mouse, you will be able to locate the pointer, usually represented by an arrow, over the
desired option and then press any of its buttons.
The action of clicking a mouse button on an icon or window on the screen is called
vulgarly how to click.
Process operation.
Although almost all components of a computer are important and essential, the
microprocessor or central processing unit, CPU for its English acronym (central processing unit)
it is perhaps the determining element of the computer, as it is the 'heart and brain' of
the computer. Heart because all the flows of information emanate from it to the rest of the
devices. Brain because it is where all calculations are made.
Inside the microprocessor, there are the units: Bus (bus unit BU), of instructions
(instruction unit, IU), execution (Execution unit, EU) and addressing (addressing unit)
They perform logical and arithmetic operations inside the processor. For this, they rely on
a Control Unit (control unit, CU), which coordinates the actions and communicates with the different
parts of the system, and the arithmetic and logical unit (arithmetic and logical unit, ALU), whose task is
to correctly perform logical and arithmetic operations.
Storage operation.
The computer has 2 types of primary memory. One of them is called ROM (read-only memory).
Read-only memory (ROM) refers to circuits recorded by manufacturers.
computers, where the information used from the power-on is stored for verification
the devices and search for the operating system. As its name shows, this memory does not
cannot be accessed or modified by the user.
The other primary memory is the one used to store the data and programs used by the
computer. It is called RAM (random access memory).
Memory is the workspace that the user manages on the computer to process the
Data. It could be said that the more RAM, the computer will have more capacity for work.
This memory is volatile since everything in it is lost when the computer is turned off.
In the early days of computing, secondary storage systems for information,
they consisted of huge magnetic tapes or cassettes where all the data was stored
memory. How computers handle or recognize information as binary numbers,
there was a need to convert these acoustic pulses into binary code so that the computer
could recognize the difference between the lit and unlit bits.
The need to store large amounts of data made it necessary to use means of
higher capacity secondary storage but smaller size this guided towards the
creation of disks that are divided into sectors for their proper functioning.
Output operations.
The output units facilitate the collection of results from the calculations or processes of various
forms, visuals, printed, in audio format, or even in video. For the correct visualization of
these data use output units, the most important is the monitor.
The monitor is the main visual output device for processed data. The monitor consists of
usually on a card installed inside the CPU itself. Depending on the type of device of the
card, varies the resolution that the monitor could have, associated with its exclusive characteristics.