FACULTY OF HUMANITIES

PROFESSIONAL CAREER IN PSYCHOLOGY

LEVEL OF PROCRASTINATION IN STUDENTS OF

PSYCHOLOGY OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF PERU
BEFORE AND AFTER THE PANDEMIC

MEMBERS:

Bazan Guerrero Ariana Nicol

Castro Oliva Laura Rocio

Figueroa Barboza Victor

Gomez Guerrero Lucero Noemi

Nuñez Reyes Yuri Yulisa

CHICLAYO, PERU
2023
Introduction

According to the WHO (World Health Organization) (2022), indicating that during the pandemic the

COVID-19 had significant impacts on the mental state and well-being of people at all levels.

worldwide, also affecting the people who suffered the same, influencing the

anxiety and stress checking in detail their increase in health problems

mental. Also, according to PAHO (Pan American Health Organization) (2020) it

presenta que en la pandemia ha aumentado el estrés de múltiples personas y cómo influye

his study method; for this reason, it has been proposed to conduct a detailed study

focused on the students of the Technological University of Peru and the level of

procrastination that is observed statistically during the pandemic period.

Ayala (2020) notes that procrastination is one of the biggest challenges that we face.

associates negative effects in students at the educational level, likewise Sanchez (2018)

indicates that the impact on university students is much greater due to multiple

responsibilities he has to attend to.

A study determined that people who procrastinate in the field of study

They also present collateral levels of stress; according to Orco (2022), it was established

that procrastination and stress are significantly related, which shows that the

students get stressed due to continuous procrastination.

Due to these relevant data found in the theory, the need for...

to study procrastination in university students with the aim of determining the

relationship that exists and how it impacts current university education.

Level of procrastination in psychology students of the technological university of Peru before and
after the pandemic

Globally, this issue pertains to a significant part of the population as a large

obstacle in achieving goals, which results in the accumulation of overload to the

person, thus also affecting physical, psychological, emotional, and social well-being. The

Procrastination is a worrying topic, as there is a 70% chance that it exists.

problems in university students. Furthermore, it is claimed that the various reasons for which

the students who procrastinate are: difficulty in meeting schedules, performance and

student competencies, whose motives influence academic performance. Without

Embargo, tests have shown that family problems also influence.

on the levels of procrastination among university students. Procrastination, in any

In its forms, it is a problem that costs enormous amounts of time and money for people.

the groups involved (Puente, 2021).

On the other hand, in Latin America, exact figures have not been found that help describe how

the level of procrastination, this is due to the fact that it is a variable that has just started to

study (Ortiz and Ponce, 2017). According to Rodríguez and Clariana (2017, as cited in Cantú, Lera and

Amaya, 2019) adolescents and young people are the most prone to procrastination, in comparison to

the children and adults. Even, Álvarez (2018, as cited in Estrada, 2019), since as it has

It is estimated that there was an impact on global health when a pandemic occurred.

Influencing this, students were affected at both the primary, secondary, and university levels.

which during the covid-19 stage, the Ministry of Health (MINSA) formulated an option for education to

distance during which all students had to attend classes via videoconferences.

However, with the return to class, academic habits and the level of responsibility of the

students were notably affected

For that reason, a survey was conducted to determine the level of procrastination among students.

psychology at the Technological University of Peru before and during the pandemic. It is considered as
The main objective is to implement intervention methods in order to change the aspect of regularization.

procrastination among students of the Tecnológica del Perú University.

In addition, at the national level, we find different authors who indicate procrastination as a

a major academic problem that significantly impacts the lives of adolescents

and adults. For example, in Peru, a study was conducted in Metropolitan Lima, where

it was highlighted that 20% of university students practiced procrastination, without

show differences by sex (Álvarez, 2010, as cited in Atalaya and García, 2019). Moreover,

Valle (2017, as cited in Atalaya and García, 2019) studied the levels of procrastination.

academic in university students at an institution of the University of Lima and the

Results allowed to determine that there is a high level (32.3%) of academic procrastination.

in students. Similarly, Contreras (2011) investigated the phenomenon of procrastination.

academic, the association with family support and the use of the internet in students of the

University of Lima where the results showed that there was a statistically significant relationship.

significant between academic procrastination, life plan, family support, and internet use.

Finally, in adolescence and adulthood, the tasks increase significantly, just like the

level of responsibility that must be assumed, causing students to feel

overwhelmed, seeing avoiding tasks as their only way out. Despite how it may seem, this

It's not a matter of lack of time or improper management of it, it's clearly a

evasive behavior, which is called procrastination, consists of deliberately postponing

important pending tasks, despite having the opportunity to carry them out. This problem

has been mainly evidenced in students who show: laziness, indecision, lack of

energy, fear, lack of organization, and perfectionism. According to what has been mentioned above, it

you can say that most university students of the professional career in Psychology

from Chiclayo, signs of procrastination have been evident.

 Methodological framework

A) research method

The method applied in this study was quantitative research; as stated by Ruíz (2007),

It is the procedure carried out in investigations in order to involve a large audience.

to collect a large amount of data. This is a quantitative method that has a set

default of easy to answer closed questions or in some cases open questions.

Due to the simplicity of such a method, a high response rate is achieved.

Essentially, quantitative research was previously conducted through surveys in the form

in person and with a recorder. However, with the advancement of technology and ease, they have

new distribution methods have emerged such as email or social networks. (Hernández

et al., 2014)

B) Research Design

In the present research, a correlational research design was used, as it is a

non-experimental study method that basically seeks to determine what the relationship is that

there is between two variables in this case it is procrastination and students (Hernández et al.,

2014).

C) Population: sample and analysis

Sample

The sample will consist of a total of 30 psychology students.

Technological University of Peru. The type of sampling is census since 100% of the

population, for which it was considered to establish the inclusion and exclusion criteria (Sánchez and
Reyes, 2006).

2) Analysis

For the analysis, it was taken into account that they were purely psychology students belonging to the

regular cycle, with the aim of analyzing their responses.

Table 1

Inclusion criteria Exclusion Criteria

To be of legal age Minors

Voluntary participation Not being enrolled in the regular cycle

Enrolled in the regular cycle

D) Variables: description and dimensions

Academic procrastination is the tendency to always or almost always postpone an activity.

academic; or promise to carry it out later through justifications or excuses with the purpose

to avoid certain guilt regarding their tasks (Domínguez, 2014).

e) Operationalization of the variable

Table 2

Variable Definition Dimensions Indicators Levels

Procrastination Self-Regulation Planning High

academic academic procrastination academic
academic is the Medium
tendency to Search for
solution under
postpone
always or almost
Responsibility
always one
academic
activity
academic; or Regulation
to promise oneself personal
make it more
afternoon by
justifications
or excuses with
the purpose of
avoid certain
guilt
in front of you
tasks
(Domínguez,
2014)

Postponement of Postponement
activities planned

Postponement due to
disgust
academic

f) Instrument

The instrument used was the survey. to carry out the research, where it was proceeded to

submit the survey virtually by following these instructions: 'You must answer

the following questions.

 1. Problem formulation

5.1. General question.

What was the effect of the Covid-19 pandemic on procrastination?

psychology students of the Technological University of Peru 2023?

[Link] questions.

What is the level of procrastination among psychology students?

Technological University of Peru 2023 before and after the Covid-19 pandemic?

What are the consequences of the effect of the Covid-19 pandemic on the

procrastination among psychology students at the Technological University of Peru 2023?

6. Basic definitions

6.1. Procrastination

The word 'procrastination' comes from the Latin pro, which means 'in front of, in favor of',

and crastinus, which means 'of tomorrow'. Likewise, the word 'procrastination' has not been

referred simply to postponing something, but to irrationally postponing it; that is, to when it

voluntarily postpone tasks, despite believing that this delay will not be detrimental (Steel,

2012).

Procrastination is the gap between intention and action due to the factor

time, that is, the more time it takes, the harder it will be to start doing.

Similarly, the hiatus can occur not only at the beginning of a task but also at

having to complete it once started (Hernández, 2016, p. 20-21).

On the other hand, according to Steel (2007, as cited in Atalaya and García, 2019), self-awareness is

a fundamental piece to infer the harmful consequences to the subject, as it not only becomes

aware that the task is being postponed, but doing it is an unpleasant experience, for
Finally, procrastination is characterized by the lack of emotional regulation in management.

time allocated for an activity. This is interpreted as something until tomorrow, postponing the

culmination of a task that usually results in a state of dissatisfaction or discomfort

subjective.

In summary, procrastination is the result of deficiencies in self-regulation, which

leads the individual to postpone the planned tasks or activities, despite knowing the

negative consequences. Moreover, if in the stage of adolescence these habits are

established, that is, procrastination behaviors persist, this not only influences

in their academic performance, but it will be reflected in family activities in the long term,

social, labor, among others (Atalaya and García, 2019).

Definition of Academic Procrastination

According to academic procrastination, it does not refer to stopping doing school tasks or

activities, but rather to postpone or delay various academic tasks. It is very likely to observe

that the beginning of this academic problem starts in middle school and continues to persist in the

university level, where 25% of students have a tendency to procrastinate or abandon their

activities to take care of later. This causes the individual to have

problems between the intention and the action of doing their tasks, since there is no agreement

between what is desired and what is achieved. It is worth noting that it also generates anxiety and worry.

delaying various areas and academic contexts, which is common to see at the beginning and the end of

any activity, even if they ultimately fulfill their responsibilities (Steel, 2007,

as cited in Castro and Mahamud, 2017).

6.1. Population.

The population of this research is the adult students of the degree in

psychology of the Technological University of Peru

6.2. Unit of analysis

Our unit of analysis is the psychology students of the Technological University.

from Peru.

6.3 Types of variables

Nominal qualitative

6.4 Sample

A simple random probability sampling has defined a sample.

a total of 30 psychology students from the Technological University

6.4.1 Sampling type

Probabilistic

6.4.2 Sample size

30

6.5 Data collection instrument

In this research, a survey and the instrument called Scale will be used.
Academic Procrastination (EPA), this assesses the level of academic procrastination in
students. This scale was created by Busko in 1998. However, the validation process
was based on the version translated and adapted by Álvarez in 2010, for the Peruvian context.
the application of this scale is suitable for both adolescents and adults; in addition, it can be
Consistency matrix

Autores de la investigación: Céspedes Saavedra Yrene Patricia, Chudan Llontop María

Guadalupe, Coronado Aguilar Brian Raúl, Gómez Guerrero Lucero Noemi, Monje

Torres Flavia Eliana, Saldaña Villanueva Eymi Maryori, Sanchez Chapoñan Dana

Stefanny, Sarmiento Bravo Ariane Antuaneth, Tineo Fernández Mayerli Cristina and

Vilchez Farro Jair Manuel.

 Inferential Analysis
Continuing with the inferential analysis. First, the Shapiro-Wilk statistic (S-W) was used to
to determine if our dataset follows a normal distribution or, on the contrary, exhibits a different distribution
not normal. Secondly, we used the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test to see if there are
significant differences in the level of procrastination among psychology students at the University
Technology in Peru before and after the start of the confinement due to the Covid-19 pandemic.

-Resultados:

1. Normality tests - Shapiro Wilk

We can assert that the data based on the results follow a normal distribution.
Statistical test of normality

Shapiro-Wilk
Results Statistician gl Mr.

Surveyed people Procrastination 0.975 80 0, 933

pre-pandemic
Procrastination 0.960 22 0, 480
post Pandemic

Normal Q-Q tests

Tests with Kruskal-Wallis

We can confirm that, based on the results obtained from the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test,
there are statistically significant differences in the level of procrastination in the sample of the
psychology students of the Technological University of Peru before and after the confinement due to the
Covid-19 pandemic.

Kruskal Wallis statistical test

Ranks

Surveyed Results N Average range

Pre-pandemic procrastination 8 26.50

Post-pandemic procrastination 22 11.50
Total 30

Test statisticsa,b
Surveyed
The Kruskal-Wallis H 17,032
gl 1
Asymptomatic patient 0.000

a. Kruskal Wallis test

b. Grouping variable: Results

Regarding the proposed hypothesis