Sexual Self
Objectives
At the end of this learning module, the student is expected to:
• Discuss the sexual development involving the human
reproductive system, erogenous zones, sexual behavior and
human sexual response
• Demonstrate critical and reflective thought in understanding one's
sexuality, chemistry of lust, love and attachment and the
psychological aspect of being turned on.
• Examine the diversity of human sexuality, sexual health, sexually
transmitted diseases and methods of contraception.
Introduction
Puberty marks the start of sexual development in an individual. Physical
changes start and as an individual continues to adolescence, these changes are
highlighted as sex hormones, undergoing physical changes, and producing
feelings that are sexual in nature.
Since sex is usually a taboo subject, most adolescents are confused with these
feelings: how to handle them, who to ask about these sexual feelings and what
is considered normal and inappropriate sexual responses. The best way to
understand these is to learn about human sexuality to get to know one's own
body and responses and establish her/his Sexual Self.
What is your Sexual Self?
• This is the part of yourself where you learn and understand your sexual
development and how people's sexual activity, beliefs, misconceptions
and unlimited access from the internet on sex can influence your own
sexual behaviors and responses.
• Your sexual self speaks of your sexual health, sexual orientation,
gender identity and expression and values around sexuality.
Sexual Development
• Sexual Development is a lifelong process that starts at the moment of
conception (Isiaras, 2006).
• Sexual development can be predicted as part of the human
development but not everyone is expected to have the same pattern
of changes or the same pacing.
3 Reasons Why an Individual's Ser is Important
in Lifelong Development: (Hurlock, 2001, p.32)
• Each year children come under increasing cultural pressures from parents, teachers,
peer group and society at large to develop attitudes and behavior patterns that are
considered appropriate for members of their sex.
• Learning experiences are determined by the individual's sex. In the home, at school,
and in play groups, children learn what is considered appropriate for members of
their sex.
• The attitude of parents and other significant family members towards individuals
because of their sex. Strong preferences for a child of a given sex have marked
influences on parents' attitudes affecting relationship with the child.
1.1 Sigmund Freud's Psychosexual Stages of
Development and the Concept of Erogenous Zone
• Freud believed that every child goes through a sequence of developmental stages
and that the child's experiences during these stages determine adult personality
characteristics.
• Freud believed that the adult personality is formed by the end of the 5" year of life.
• Each stage has an erogenous zone association with stimulation and pleasure.
Freud uses the term fixation to describe what occurs when a person does not progress
normally from stage to stage but remains overly involved with a particular stage.
Psychosexual Erogenous
Fixations. Conflicts Results
Stage Zone
Oral Incorporative or Frustration-Fed on a Schedule-Fed: tightlipped
Mouth Oral Aggressive schedule to meet pcople who cat only for
Oral Stage (birth- (centered on nutritional nourishment
2 years old) feeding) requirements Demand-Fed: gives rise to oral
Overindulgence- pleasures (cating,drinking,
Child is fed at any smoking, oral sex) child is self-
time the child wants absorbed and egoistical
Frustration-parents Controlling-
Anal Retentive demand exacting withholding,stringent,yselecti
Anal Stage (2 to 3 Anus
or Anal [Link] bo ve with friends(controlled,
years old) (centered on
Expulsive parents allow child hoarding)Uncontrolled-
toilet training)
freedom, or is gullible,easily trusts, lax,
Lenient in bowel disorganized
Boy will grow up
Heterosexualizing
Genital area Oedipus/ Elektra sceking a woman like his mother
interactions.
Phallic Stage (3- Complex Girl will grow up
Jealousy develops wanting to have a malevchild
Syears old) Castration
Problems with Homosexuality will
Anxiety
parent-identification occur if normal
Penis Envy
identifications are reverse
Psychosexual Erogenous
Fixations. Conflicts Results
Stage Zone
Repression of
Secondary oedipal Reality Principle
Latency Stage Sexual
sexual attachments and
(6 Maturatio
characteristic Reduction of learning of skills
years-Puberty) n
s Sexuality in the Establishing Gender
child identity
Sexual Instincts and Sublimate sexual energy
Sexual Conflicts into emotional
Mating, reappear commitments to sports,
Genital Stage Whole Death Instincts cheerleading, music,
Dating
(Puberty- body reappears band, academics,
and Social
onwards Sexual Instincts are politics, church, or other
interactions
repression endeavors.
Hostility, rebelliousness or
juvenile [Link]
of celibacy,
attractions to mystical
philosophies,
gangs,religions or cults
1.2 The Human Reproductive System.
• magical things about human reproduction is that only one sperm can ever
penetrate an egg. Sex. however, is not just for reproduction-not in humans.
That may be its primary biological mandate, but it serves other purposes as
well.
• 1. Strengthen relationship
• 2. Encourage a man to stick around to care his child.
• 3. Well being
1.2a The Female Reproductive System.
• Puberty in girls usually starts between ages 8-13, along with all the bodily
changes (breast, hair, skin, hips, voice)
• it is also where Menarche (from the Greek words 'moon' and 'beginning'), the
first menstrual period, would seal the growth spurt and signal the female's sexual
maturity.
• The ovaries produce 400,000 eggs or so every 28 days. The ovum is 100,000
times larger than the sperm cell.
• The egg cell carries the X chromosome
• According to jan sa dalawang statements (Villafuerte, SL: 2013)
1.2b The Male Reproductive System.
• In boys, puberty starts around 10-15 years old and explains why some girls look
more mature than boys. The testosterone hormone causes most of the changes
in a boy's body and men need sperm to reproduce. ([Link], 2008).
• his brain also changes. The hormones in men's brains are constantly active
(Tsiaras, 2006). This may be the reason why men are said to think about sex
more than women.
• The testes produce 200 million sperm cells/spermatozoa every week. It carries
X or Y chromosome, which is the sex-determining cell (Villafuerte, SL. 2013).
1.3 Human Sexual Response
• People's sexual responses follow a regular pattern consisting of
four phases: excitement, plateau, orgasm and resolution.
• Sexual motivation, often referred to as libido, is a person's overall
sexual drive or desire for sexual activity. This is motivated by
biological, psychological, and social factors.
• In most mammals, sex hormones control the ability to engage in
sexual behaviors. However, sex hormones do not directly regulate
the ability to copulate in humans; They are only one influence on
the motivation to engage in sexual behaviors.
The sexual response cycle
is a model that describes the physiological responses that take place during sexual activity
Desire phase (excitement)
-Sexual urges occur in response to
sexual cues
Arousal stage
-A subjective sense of sexual pleasure and
Resolution phase physiological signs of sexual arousal: in males,
-Decreases in arousal occurs after penile tumescence (increased flow of blood into
orgasm. (Particularly in men) the penis); in female , vasocongestion (blood
pools in the pelvic area; foading to vaginal
lubrication and breast tumescence (erect
nippled)
Orgasm phase
in males, feelings of tho inevitability of Plateau phase
ejaculation, followed by ejaculation; in -Brief period occurs before orgasm.
females, contractions of the walls of the
lower third of the vagina.
1.4. The Basic Biology of Sexual
Behavior: Teen Sexual Behavior
From their earliest years, children watch television shows and movies
that insist that "sex appeal" is a personal quality that people need to
develop to the fullest ([Link]/[Link], 2008).
Parent and Adolescent view on sex
Parents- based on their perspective from greater experience, urge caution and restraint.
Adolescents- experiencing strong sexual desire for the first time and eager for all
pleasures life can offer, are frequently tempted to throw caution to the wind and
indulge
Internet provides teens with seemingly unlimited access to information on sex as well
as a steady supply of people willing to talk about sex with them.
Teens may feel safe because they can remain anonymous while looking for information
on sex. However, Sexual predators know this and manipulate young people into online
relationships and, later, set up a time and place to meet.
2. Human Sexuality
• Sexuality is much more than sexual feelings or sexual
intercourse. It is an important part of who a person is and what
she/he will become.
• It includes all the feelings, thoughts, and behaviors associated
with being female or male, being attractive and being in love, as
well as being in relationships that include sexual intimacy and
sensual and sexual activity.
2.1 The Five Circles of Sexuality
1. Sensuality - is awareness and feeling about your own body and other
people's bodies, especially the body of a sexual partner.
2. Sexual Intimacy - is the ability to be emotionally close to another human
being and to accept closeness in return.
3. Sexual identity - is a person's understanding of who he/she is sexually,
including the sense of being male or of being female. -Sexual identity consists
of three "interlocking pieces"(biological sex, gender identity and sexual
orientation) that, together, affect how each person sees him/herself. Each piece"
is important.
2.1 The Five Circles of Sexuality
4. Reproduction and Sexual Health- These are a person's capacity to reproduce
and the behaviors and attitudes that make sexual relationships healthy and
enjoyable.
5. Sexualization - is that aspect of sexuality in which people behave sexually to
influence, manipulate, or control other people. -Often called the "shadowy"
side of human sexuality, sexualization spans behaviors that range from the
relatively harmless to the sadistically violent, cruel, and criminal.
Sexuality in adolescent youth (ages 13 to 19)
Once youth have reached puberty and beyond, they experience increased
interest in romantic and sexual relationships and in genital sex behaviors.
As they grow, they experience strong emotional attachments to romantic
partners and find it natural to express their feelings within sexual
relationships.
There is no way to predict how a particular teenager will act sexually.
Overall, most adolescents explore relationships with one another, fall in
and out of love, and participate in sexual intercourse before the age of 20.
2.2 The Chemistry of Lust, Love and
Attachment
There are physiological and psychological aspects in being
turned on, being in love and attached to another person.
The chemistry of lust, love and attachment lies in our brains,
which is the humans most important 'sex organ'."
2.2 The Chemistry of Lust, Love and
Attachment
LUST- This is a phase which is driven by the sex hormones testosterone and estrogen
in both men and women.
• Estrogen is a hormone that helps develop and maintain female reproductive
characteristics
• Testosterone is a hormone that helps develop and maintain male characteristics
the two basic types of hormones present equally in men and women's body that
excite the feeling of lust within the brain.
2.2 The Chemistry of Lust, Love and
Attachment
Attraction- This is the phase when a person actually starts to feel the love.
Scientists think that three main neurotransmitters are involved in this stage;
adrenaline, dopamine and serotonin.
Attachment- is a bond helping the couple to take their relationship to
advanced levels. It instigates the feeling of bearing children and falling in love
with them wholeheartedly. Scientists think there might be two major
hormones involved in this feeling of attachment; oxytocin and vasopressin.
3. The Diversity of Human Sexuality.
Gender bias means holding stereotyped opinions about people according to
their gender. Gender bias might include believing that women are less
intelligent or less capable than men that men suffer from "testosterone
poisoning," etc. Many times, people hold fast to these stereotyped opinions
without giving rational thought to the subject of gender ([Link],
2008).
Since 1975, the American Psychological Association has called on psychologists
to take the lead in removing the stigma of mental illness that has long been
associated with lesbian, gay, and bisexual orientations.
What is Sexual Orientation?
Sexual orientation refers to an enduring pattern of
emotional, romantic, and/or sexual attractions to
men, women, or both sexes. Sexual orientation also
refers to a person's sense of identity based on those
attractions, related behaviors, and membership in
a community of others who share those attractions.
What is Sexual Orientation?
Some common sexual orientations:
Heterosexual: People who are attracted to people of the opposite gender
Gay: People who are attracted to people of the same gender
Bisexual: People who are attracted to both men and women
Asexual: People who have little to no sexual attraction to others
Pansexual: People who are attracted to people regardless of their gender
Lesbian: people who is primarily sexually or romantically attracted to
other women
How do people know if they are lesbian, gay,
or bisexual?
According to current scientific and professional
understanding, the core attractions that form the basis
for adult sexual orientation typically emerge between
middle childhood and early adolescence. These patterns
of emotional, romantic, and sexual attraction may arise
without any prior sexual experience.
Different lesbian, gay, and bisexual people have very
different experiences regarding their sexual orientation.
Some people know that they are lesbian, gay, or bisexual for a long
time before they actually pursue relationships with other people.
Some people engage in sexual activity (with same-sex and/or other
sex partners) before assigning a clear label to their sexual orientation.
Prejudice and discrimination make it difficult for many people to
come to terms with their sexual orientation identities, so claiming a
lesbian, gay, or bisexual identity may be a slow process.
3.1 Sexually Transmitted Diseases/Infections
These are also known as Venereal Diseases (VD). They are passed
through sexual contact or genital - through vaginal intercourse, oral
sex and anal sex.
The term STI evolved from "venereal disease" to "sexually
transmitted disease", then "sexually transmitted infection" which has
a broader range of meaning: that it can be passed without disease.
(You don't have to be ill to infect others).
Sexual Health and Sexually Transmitted
Diseases/Infections
The factual information about reproduction is necessary so
youth will understand how male and female reproductive
systems function and how conception and/or STD infection
occur.
Youth need to understand anatomy and physiology because
every adolescent needs the knowledge and understanding to
help him/her appreciate ways in which his/her body
functions
Sexual intercourse
Sexual intercourse is one of the most common
behaviors among humans. Sexual intercourse is a
behavior that may produce sexual pleasure that often
culminates in orgasm in females and in males. Sexual
intercourse may also result in pregnancy and/or
STDs.
Misconception about having sex
all teens are having sex
having sex makes you matured and an adult
a girl can't get pregnant if she's menstruating
a girl can't get pregnant if it's her first time
you are a virgin as long as you don't have sexual
intercourse -- oral sex doesn't count
Oral sex is not sex
Premarital Sex
Is sexual activity practiced by people who
are unmarried. It can be any sexual
relations a person has prior to marriage
Factors that encourage having
premarital sex
Having poorly educated parents
Unsupportive family relationships
Lack of Parental supervision
Friends who are sexually active
Poor school grades/poor academic performance
Examples of ST Is:
chlamydia
chancroid
crabs (pubic lice)
hepatitis B
molluscum contagiosum
Trichomoniasis (Trich)
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
Trichomoniasis (parasitic infection)
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
Examples of HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS
genital herpes
genital warts
gonorrhea
scabies
syphilis
HIV/AIDS
HIV is "Human Immunodeficiency Virus". This is a
retrovirus--genetic info @RNA than DNA. HIV is the virus
that causes AIDS and it is preventable and manageable but
not curable. AIDS is "Acquired Immunodeficiency
Syndrome". Since this is a syndrome, there are several
manifestations of the breakdown in body's immune system
and have developed in people who have been infected by
HIV.
How do people get AIDS? AIDS is
developed through:
1) Bodily fluids (blood products- transfusions, semen and
vaginal fluids)
2) Intravenous (IV) Drug Abuse (sharing needles and use of
unsterilized blades)
3) Sexual intercourse (unprotected vaginal, oral and anal
sex)
3.2. Teenage Pregnancy
This is pregnancy in human females
under the age of 20 at the time that the
pregnancy ends.
Prevention of Teenage Pregnancy
Comprehensive sex education and access
to birth control appear to reduce
unplanned teenage pregnancy. It is
unclear if a single intervention is most
effective.
Education
The Dutch approach to preventing teenage pregnancy has
often been seen as a model by other countries. The
curriculum focuses on values, attitudes, communication
and negotiation skills, as well as biological aspects of
reproduction. The media has encouraged open dialogue
and the health-care system guarantees confidentiality
and a non-judgmental approach.
Abstinence only education
Some schools provide abstinence-only sex education.
Evidence does not support the effectiveness of
abstinence-only sex education. It has been found to be
ineffective in decreasing HIV risk in the developed
world, and does not decrease rates of unplanned
pregnancy when compared to comprehensive sex
education.
3.3 Family Planning/Responsible
Parenthood
Family Planning, also called Responsible Parenthood,It is a simple way of
regulating and spacing the births of children. It is giving birth according to the
health and economic conditions of the family, giving birth of the mother
according to her right age.
Benefits derived from Family Planning are identified as follows:
1. For the family - to promote healthy, happy family.
2. For the mother - she can recover her health and strength after delivery.
3. For the child - a better chance of growing healthier and well cared.
Family Planning Methods / Methods
of Contraception
A concept linked to family planning is contraception, also
known as birth control and fertility control. This is a
method or device used to prevent pregnancy. It is also
defined as a deliberate prevention of conception or
impregnation, Family planning methods and/ or
contraception methods are presented as follows:
Family Planning Methods / Methods
of Contraception
1. Natural Birth Control employs natural control
methods that people do to help prevent an
unintended pregnancy are without the use of
modern/artificial ways of contraception. These
require commitment when you make the
decision, discipline and self-control for it to be
effective.
Family Planning Methods / Methods
of Contraception
2. Artificial Birth Control employs artificial control
methods to help prevent unintended pregnancy use
modern/contemporary measures such as
contraceptive or birth control pills, diaphragm, male
and female condoms, emergency contraception pill
and many more
Thank You!
Members:
Asaytuno, Zeus
Paloyo, Paul Vincent
Siña, Mary Queen
Tañada, Christian Razz