NDEX

EXP. PAGE.
DATE EXPEIMENT MARK SIGN.
NO NO
Exp. No : 1
MS - WORD
Date :

Aim:
To study and use office software for creating and formatting documentation and
Presentations, including text editing, object insertion, formatting, collaboration, and
exporting.
Software/Tools Required
 Microsoft Office (Word, PowerPoint) / LibreOffice (Writer, Impress) / Google
Docs & Slides
 A computer with internet (for cloud-based tools)

MS WORD
Procedure
Documentation (Word Processor)
1. Open the word processor and create a new document.
2. Set page layout (size, margins, orientation).
3. Type title and headings, applying styles (Heading 1, Heading 2).
4. Insert Header & Footer with page number.
5. Format text with bold, italics, alignment, bullets/numbering.
6. Insert a table (3×5), format it, and insert data.
7. Insert an image with caption and alt text.
8. Insert a chart/graph using sample data.
9. Add citations/references and generate a Table of Contents.
10. Run Spelling & Grammar check.
11. Save the document and export as PDF.
TO FORMAT THE DOCUMENT IN WORD.
PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Open and save a new word file.
Step 2: Set the page margins.
Step 3: Specify the page layout and modify the normal text format.

WORKING WITH TABLES

PROCEDURE:
Tables in MS-Word can be created in two ways:
1. Using the Grid.
Step 1: Go to the insert tab and click Table button.
Step 2: In the drop-down menu, select the number of rows and columns from
the grid.
2. Using dialogue box:
Step 1: Go to the insert tab and click Table button. Step 2: Under Grid, click
insert table.
Step 3: In insert dialogue box, mention the no. of rows and columns and click OK.
WORKING WITH BULLETS AND LISTS
PROCEDURE :
Step 1: Select the text. Step
2: Go to home tab.
Step 3: Go to paragraph section and select bullets.
CREATING NUMBERED LIST:
Step 1: Select the text for first level
Step 2: Now go to the home tab.
Step 3: Go to the paragraph section and select multilevel option.

WORKING WITH STYLES, SHADES, SMARTART AND CHARTS

PROCEDURE:

1. APPLYING STYLES:
Step 1: Text selection.
Step 2: Press Ctrl+ Shift+ s.
Step 3: A dialog box for apply style is popped up. Choose your style for selected text
by navigating down by pressing Alt+ Down Arrow.

2. APPLYING SHADES:
Step 1: Select the text.
Step 2: Go to shading tab in Home.
Step 3: Select the shading colour of your choice.

3. INSERTING SMART ART:

Step 1: Select the Insert tab.
Step 2: Click the smart art option.
Step 3: Select the smart art of your choice.
4. INSERTING CHARTS:
Step 1: Click Insert>Chart.
Step 2: Click chat type and double click the chart. Step 3: Replace the default data
with your details.
Step 4: Use layout options to arrange the chart and text in your document.
IMPORTING OBJECTS FROM OTHER OFFICE TOOLS
PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Click create new tab.
Step 2: Select an option from object list.
Step 3: If you want the new file to appear as a clickable icon, select display as icon.
If this check box is selected, you can choose different icon by clicking change.
OUTPUT:

WORKING WITH DOCUMENT TEMPLATES

PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Click File>Save as.
Step 2: Type name for your template in File name box. Step 3: Click template item
in Save as type list.
Step 4: Click save.

INSERTING EQUATIONS, SYMBOLS AND SPECIAL CHARACTERS

PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Place cursor in the document where you want to insert the equations,
symbols or special characters.
Step 2: Go to insert tab and click on the equation drop down icon in the symbols
section at the top right corner of the screen.
Step 3: Then select the equation you want to select.
OUTPUT:

WORKING WITH TABLE OF CONTENTS, REFERNCE AND CITATION

PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Place the cursor where you want to add the table of contents, reference and
citation.
Step 2: Go to Reference > Table of contents and choose automatic style. Step 3: Go
to Reference>Style, choose a citation style and insert the citation.
OUTPUT:

INSERT AND REVIEW COMMANDS

PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Select the command.
Step 2: Select Review>New command.
Step 3: Click elsewhere in the document when you are done.
OUTPUT:
CREATE BOOKMARK, HYPERLINK, END NOTE AND FOOT NOTE
PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Select the place where you want add bookmark, hyperlink, end note and
foot note.
Step 2: Click Insert>Bookmark. Under bookmark name, type a name and click add.
Step 3: On insert tab, select link and click the link.
Step 4: Click references>insert endnote. Step 5: Click references>insert footnote.
OUTPUT:

VIEWING DOCUMENTS IN DIFFERENT MODES

PROCEDURE:
Step 1: To change the documents view in word, click the desired document view
button in the status bar to the left of ―ZOOM SLIDE ―
Step 2: Alternatively, click the desired documents view button on the View tab of
the ribbon in either the view and/or immersive button groups.
OUTPUT:

DOCUMENT PROTECTION AND SAFETY

PROCEDURE:
Step 1: On the word menu, click preferences. Step 2: Under personal settings, click
security.
Step 3: In the password to open box, type a password and then click OK. Step 4:
Confirm the password.
Step 5: Click OK and Save.
OUTPUT:

INSPECT DOCUMENTS FOR ACCESSIBILITY

PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Select File>Info.
Step 2: Select Check for issues>Check Accessibility.
Step 3: In the inspection results, select an issue.
Step 4: In the Additional Information, review How to fix and make the needed
changes to your document.
OUTPUT:

Result:
The experiment to prepare and format documentation using office software was
successfully carried out.
Exp. No : 2
MS-EXCEL
Date :

Aim:
To study and use office software for create the worksheet, insert and format the
table work with different types of data: List, Currency, Date, Numeric, Split,
Validate, Consolidate and Convert data, sort and filter the data, perform
mathematical calculations (statistical, logical, mathematical and data time)
using functions, work with look up and reference formulas in excel.
Software/Tools Required
 Microsoft Office (Excel) / LibreOffice (Writer, Impress) / Google Docs
 A computer with internet (for cloud-based tools)

MS-EXCEL

CREATING WORKSHEETS IN EXCEL

PROCEDURE:
Step 1: On the home tab, in cells group click Insert.
Step 2: Then click Insert sheet.
Step 3: Select a cell within your data.
Step 4: Select Home>Format as table. Step
5: Choose a style for your table.
Step 6: In the format as table dialog box, set your cell range.
Step 7: Mark of your tables has headers.
Step 8: Select OK.
WORKING WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF DATA
PROCEDURE:
1. CREATING LIST:
Step 1: Select the cell.
Step 2: Select Data >Data Validation.
Step 3: Select Settings>Allow box>Click list. Step 4: Click the source box, then
select list range. Step 5: Check the In-cell dropdown box.
Step 6: Click the input message.
2. CURRENCY DATA:
Step 1: Select the cell.
Step 2: Select Home >currency.
3. DATE FORMAT:
Step 1: Select Home>Format.
Step 2: Choose the Locate (Location) and date format you want.
4. WORKING WITH NUMERIC DATA:
Step 1: Press Ctrl+1 and select Number.
Step 2: Right click the cell or cell range, select Format cells and select numbers.
Step 3: Select the small arrow, dialog box launcher and then select number.
OUTPUT
DATA MODIFICATION IN EXCEL
PROCEDURE:

1. SPLITTING DATA:
Step 1: Select the cell.
Step 2: Select Data>Text to columns.
Step 3: Select Delimited>Next.
Step 4: Select Next.
Step 5: Select the designation in your Worksheet to split the data.

2. CONSOLIDATING DATA:
Step 1: Click Data>Consolidate in data tools group.
Step 2: In the function box, click the summary function that you want the excel to
use to Consolidate the data.

3. VALIDATING DATA:
Step 1: Select the cells for validation.
Step 2: Click Data Validation.
Step 3: On the settings tab, in the allow box, select list.
Step 4: Type the list values in source box.

4. DATA CONVERSION:
Step 1: Select data column, select Home>Transform>Data Type and then select
Date option.
Step 2: You can convert other numeric types such as percentage or currency. Step
3: Select Home>Close and Load.
SORT AND FILTER DATA
PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Select the cell.
Step 2: On the data tab, select sort and filter group to perform ascending sort. Step
3: Click to perform descending sort.
Step 4: Select Data>Filter.
Step 5: Select the column header arrow.
Step 6: Select Text Filters or number filters and then select a comparison.
Step 7: Enter the criteria and select OK.
OUTPUT:

PERFORM CALCULATIONS USING FUNCTIONS

PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Calculations in excel can be performed simply by using the equal sign (=).
Step 2: To perform statistical calculations, default built-in functions are available
such as:
 COUNT
 COUNTA
 COUNTBLANK
 COUNTIFS
 AVERAGE
 MEAN
 MEDIAN
 MODE

Step 3: Select the cell

Step 4: Type equal sign and then type a function to implement logical operations.
Step 5: Type two full dates and times.
Step 6: Set the format. Select both the cells and press Ctrl+1.
Step 7: Subtract the two cells.
Step 8: Set the [h]: mm format.
OUTPUT:
WORKING WITH LOOK UP AND REFERENCE FORMULAS
PROCEDURE:
1. LOOKUP TABLES:
Step 1: In the formula bar, type VLOOKUP ().
Step 2: Enter the look up value.
Step 3: Enter table array or lookup table, the range of data you want to search and
comma.
Step 4: Enter column index number.
Step 5: Enter the range lookup value, either TRUE or FALSE.
2. REFERENCE FORMULAS:
Step 1: Click the cell.
Step 2: In the formula bar, type =.
Step 3: Select the cell that contains the value you want or type its cell reference.
Step 4: Press enter.
OUTPUT:

WORKING WITH CHARTS

PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Select data for the chart.
Step 2: Select Insert>Recommended charts.
Step 3: Select a chart on the Recommended charts tab to preview the charts. Step
4: Select a chart.
Step 5: Select OK.
OUTPUT:
SUMMARIZING CHARTS USING PIVOT TABLE
PROCEDURE:
1. CREATING PIVOT CHARTS:
Step 1: Select a cell.
Step 2: Select Insert>Pivot chart.
Step 3: Select the place where you want the pivot chart to appear.
Step 4: Select OK.
Step 5: Select the fields to display the menus.
2. SUMMARIZING THE PIVOT TABLE USING CHARTS:
Step 1: Select a cell.
Step 2: Select Pivot Table Tools> Analyse >Pivot Chart.
Step 3: Select a chart.
Step 4: Select OK.
OUTPUT:

PERFORM DATA ANALYSIS

PROCEDRE:
Step 1: Select a cell.
Step 2: Select the Analyse Data button on the home tab. Step 3: The following
functions are performed:
[Link]
2. LENGTH

3. TRIM

4. COUNTA

5. FIND/SEARCH
OUTPUT:

COMBINING DATA
PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Open each source sheet.
Step 2: In your destination sheet, click the upper-left cell of the area where you
want the consolidated data to appear.
Step 3: On the Data tab, in the Data Tools group, click Consolidate.
Step 4: In the Function box, click the function that you want Excel to use to
consolidate the data.

OUTPUT

EXPORT DATA AND SHEETS

PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Right click the worksheets name tab.
Step 2: Click Select Move or Copy.
Step 3: Click on the Move Selected sheets to Book drop down menu. Select new
book.
Step 4: Click OK. Your new workbook opens with your moved worksheet.
Step 5: Click File>Save in your new workbook.
OUTPUT:

WORKING WITH MACROS

PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Create the Excel Sheet with the below data.

Step 2: Go to main menu ―File‖ and select the option ―Options‖

Step 3: Now another window will open, in that window do following things: Click on
Customize Ribbon, Mark the checker box for Developer option, Click on
OK button.
Step 4: You will now be able to see the DEVELOPER tab in the ribbon. Step 5:
Record Macro
Step 5.1: Click on the DEVELOPER tab
Step 5.2: Click on Record Macro as shown in the image below and give the macro
name then press the OK button
OUTPUT
 Step 5.3: Record the operation as Split the last name in another column.
Click the Data Menu and choose Text to Columns one dialog box will open.
Click the s space option in check box and give finish.

Step 5.4: The output display as

Step 5.5: Record another operation as select the marks and go to HOME
menu to use conditional formatting

Step 5.6: Again goto Developer menu to press Stop Recording. Step
6: Run the Macro
Step 6.1: In developer menu, Click Macros Option dialog box will open.
Choose the recorded macro.
Step 6.2: Click on run option

PROTECTING DATA AND SECURING WORKBOOK

PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Choose Protect Workbook and Select encrypt with password.
Step 2: Enter the chosen password and click OK.
Step 3: Re-enter the password and click OK again.
OUTPUT:

Result:
Thus, working with office software (excel) for create insert, format the table different
types of data validate , consolidate, convert and perform mathematical calculations
was successfully carried out..
Exp. No : 3
MS-POWERPOINT
Date :

Aim:
To study and use office software for create the Presentation, formatting, Slide
transition and animation and performing slide show.

Software/Tools Required
 Microsoft Office (Powerpoint) / LibreOffice (Writer, Impress) / Google Docs
 A computer with internet (for cloud-based tools)
MS POWERPOINT
Part B: Presentation (Presentation Software)
1. Open presentation software and create a new slideshow.
2. Apply a theme/template.
3. Create slides:
 Slide 1: Title slide (topic, name, date).
 Slide 2: Objectives/Agenda.
 Slides 3–6: Content with text, tables, images, charts.
 Slide 7: Conclusion.
4. Use layouts for consistency.
5. Apply transitions and simple animations.
6. Add speaker notes to slides.
7. Run spell check and preview the slideshow.
8. Save as .pptx/.odp and export as PDF.
CHOOSE SLIDE TEMPLATE, LAYOUT AND THEMES
PROCEDURE:
1. SLIDE TEMPLATE:
Step 1: Select File>New.
Step 2: Choose a template or search for online template and press enter.
Step 3: Choose the template and select create.
2. SLIDE LAYOUT:
Step 1: On the view menu, Click Slide Master.
Step 2: Click the slide master tab and then click New Layout.
3. SLIDE THEMES:
Step 1: On the view tab, select slide master. Step 2: Then select Themes.
Step 3: Click Save Current Theme.
Step 4: In the file name box, type an appropriate name for the theme and click
Save.
OUTPUT:
1. SLIDE TEMPLATE:

2. SLIDE LAYOUT:

3. SLIDE THEMES:
FORMATTING SLIDE
PROCEDURE:
Step 1: On the slide, select the line of text or table where you want to add bullets or
numbering.
Step 2: On the HOME tab, in paragraph group, click bullets and numbering.
Step 3: To change all lines of text, select the outline of the text object, and then
apply the bullets or numbering.
OUTPUT:

FORMATTING IMAGES, SMARTART, TABLES AND CHARTS

PROCEDURE:
1. IMAGES:
Step 1: Select the picture.
Step 2: Select the Tools>Format and select Correlation.
Step 3: Hover over the options to preview them and select the one you want.
2. SMARTART:
Step 1: Select the Smart art.
Step 2: Select Smart art Tools>Design Tab.
Step 3: hover over the layouts to preview them and select the one you want.
3. TABLES:
Step 1: Click the table you want to apply a different table style.
Step 2: Under Table Tools, on the design tab, in Table style group, click Table style.
4. CHARTS:
Step 1: Select the chart element.
Step 2: Right click it.
Step 3: Click format <chart element>.
SLIDE MASTER, NOTES AND HANDOUT MASTER
PROCEDURE:
1. SLIDE MASTER:
Step 1: Click the view tab, Slide master.
Step 2: The slide master view will be opened.
2. NOTES:
Step 1: Click the menu, click Normal.
Step 2: Select the thumbnail of slide you want to add notes to.
Step 3: The notes will appear beneath the slide. Click where you want to add notes.
3. HANDOUT MASTER:
Step 1: On the view tab, in Master view group, click Handout Master.
Step 2: On the page, click in a text placeholder to make your changes.
OUTPUT:
1. SLIDE MASTER AND HANDOUT MASTER:

2. NOTES

WORKING WITH TRANSITION AND ANIMATION

PROCEDURE:
1. ANIMATION:
Step 1: Select the object where you want to animate.
Step 2: On the animation tab of the ribbon in the animation group, click more
button.
Step 3: Select the animation effect you want.
2. TRANSITION:
Step 1: Select the slide you want to add a transition to.
Step 2: Select transitions tab and choose a transition.
Step 3: Select effect options to choose the direction and nature of transition.
Step 4: Select preview to see what transitions looks like.
OUTPUT:
ORGANIZE AND GROUP THE SLIDES
PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Right-click between slides and select Add Section. An Untitled Section is
added in the thumbnail pane, and the Rename Section dialog box opens.
Step 2: Type a name in the Section name box. Step 3: Select Rename.
Step 4: To collapse a section, click the triangle next to the section name.
OUTPUT:

IMPORTING MEDIA OBJECTS

PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Click in the slide where you want to place the object.
Step 2: On the insert tab, in Text group, click object.
Step 3: Click create from file.
Step 4: In the File box, type the name of the file, or click Browse to select from a
list.
Step 5: You can import media objects like audio, video animation by following the
above steps.
OUTPUT:
PERFORMING SLIDE SHOW
PROCEDURE:
Step 1: To start your slide show, on the Slide Show tab, select Play from Beginning.
Step 2: To manage your slide show, go to the controls in the bottom-left corner and
do any of the following:
 Go to previous slide.
 Go to the next slide.
 View all slides.
 Turn subtitles.
 End slide show.
OUTPUT:

RESULT:
Thus, choosing slide template, layout and themes, formatting images, smart art, tables and
charts, slide master, notes and handout master, working with transition and
animation, organize and group the slides , importing media objects, performing
slide show and the output is verified successfully.
Exp. No : 4
VIRTUAL DEMONSTRATION OF COMPUTATIONAL
Date : THINKING

Aim
To understand and demonstrate the core concepts of Computational Thinking
(CT)decomposition pattern recognition, abstraction, and algorithm design—through
a virtual activity using a spreadsheet/software tool.
Procedure
1. Open Spreadsheet / Online Tool (Google Sheets, Excel, or block-based tools like
Scratch/Blockly).
2. Define a Problem – Example: Find the sum of even numbers and visualize
patterns.
3. Apply Computational Thinking Steps:
o Decomposition: Break problem into smaller tasks (identify even
numbers, add them).
o Pattern Recognition: Notice that even numbers occur at every 2nd
interval.
o Abstraction: Ignore unnecessary details, only keep number values.
o Algorithm Design: Create step-by-step solution using spreadsheet
formulas.

4. Implement in Spreadsheet:
 Enter numbers in column A.
 Use =IF(MOD(A2,2)=0,"Even","Odd") to identify even/odd.
 Use =SUMIF(B2:B10,"Even",A2:A10) to calculate sum of even numbers.

5. Visualize Result: Insert chart to show number patterns.

Sample Output Table

Number Type
1 ODD
2 EVEN
3 ODD
4 EVEN
5 ODD
Formula Result:

o Sum of Even Numbers = 12

Here’s the output screenshot for the virtual demonstration of computational

thinking:
 Table showing numbers classified as Odd/Even
 Bar Chart showing Odd vs Even distribution
 Computation: Sum of Even Numbers = 30

Result
The problem was solved by applying Computational Thinking concepts:
 Decomposition (breaking problem into steps),
 Pattern Recognition (odd/even sequence),
 Abstraction (focusing on number type), and
 Algorithm Design (using formulas to compute).
The sum of even numbers was successfully calculated and patterns were visualized.
Exp. No : 5(a) FLOWCHART DESIGN FOR SIMPLE MATHEMATICAL
Date : PROBLEMS

Aim
To design and implement flowcharts for solving simple mathematical problems such
as finding the largest number, checking even/odd, or calculating factorial.

Procedure
1. Select a Problem Statement
 Example 1: Check whether a number is even or odd.
 Example 2: Find the factorial of a number.

2. Identify Inputs and Outputs

 Input: Number n
 Output: Result (Even/Odd or Factorial)

3. Break Down Steps (Algorithm)

 For Even/Odd:

 Start → Input number → Divide by 2 → If remainder = 0 → Even →

Else Odd → End.

 For Factorial:

  Start → Input number → Initialize fact=1 → Repeat fact=fact*i for i=1

to n → Print fact → End.
4. Draw the Flowchart using standard symbols:
 Oval: Start/End
 Parallelogram: Input/Output
 Rectangle: Process/Calculation
 Diamond: Decision/Condition
5. Test the Flowchart with sample inputs.
Output (Flowchart – Even/Odd)

Output (Flowchart – factorial of a number)

Result
A flowchart was successfully designed for solving the Even / Odd problem and
factorial of a number using standard Flow charting symbols. The design clearly
shows the sequence of steps, decision-making, and output.
Exp. No : 5(b) CREATION OF FUNCTIONAL BLOCK FOR SIMPLE
Date : MATHEMATICAL PROBLEMS

Aim
To design and implement functional blocks (modular units) for solving simple
mathematical problems such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and
factorial calculation.

Procedure

1. Identify the Problem

 Example: Perform arithmetic operations on two numbers.

2. Break Problem into Functional Blocks

 Block 1: Input numbers

 Block 2: Addition
 Block 3: Subtraction
 Block 4: Multiplication
 Block 5: Division
 Block 6: Display Result

3. Design Functional Blocks

 Each block performs only one task (modularity).

 Input / Output flows between blocks.

4. Represent the Blocks Visually (block diagram).

5. Test with Sample Input

 Example: a = 10, b = 5 → Results: Add=15, Sub=5, Mul=50, Div=2.

Output (Functional Block Diagram for Arithmetic Operations)

Input ( a,b )

Addition ( a + b )

Subtraction ( a - b )

Subtraction ( a * b )

Subtraction ( a / b )

Display Results

Explanation
 Input Block: Takes two numbers as input (a, b).

Functional Blocks:
 Block 1 → Performs addition.
 Block 2 → Performs subtraction.
 Block 3 → Performs multiplication.
 Block 4 → Performs division.

Output Block: Displays all results.

Sample Run
Input:
a = 10, b = 5
Output:
Addition = 15
Subtraction = 5
Multiplication = 50
Division = 2

Result:
A functional block diagram was successfully created for solving basic arithmetic
problems. The results were computed and displayed correctly.
Exp. No : 6
DRAWING AND PAINTING OPERATIONS
Date :

Aim
To demonstrate drawing and painting operations such as creating shapes (lines,
rectangles, circles), filling them with colors, and combining them to form simple
designs using computer graphics software.

Procedure

1. Open Drawing Tool (MS Paint, Tux Paint, LibreOffice Draw, or any graphics
library).

2. Drawing Operations:

 Draw basic shapes (Line, Rectangle, Circle, Polygon).

 Combine multiple shapes to form a design (like a house, flower, or
pattern).

3. Painting Operations:

 Use Fill Tool (Bucket) to apply colors inside shapes.

 Apply different brush styles or gradients.

4. Save the Drawing as an image file.

5. Observe the Output:A colorful illustration showing drawing + painting

operations.

Step-by-Step Guide: Drawing and Painting Operations

1. Open the Tool

 Open MS Paint (Windows) or LibreOffice Draw (Linux).

2. Draw the Base (House Walls)
 Select the Rectangle Tool.
 Draw a rectangle in the center (this will be the house walls).
 Use the Fill Tool (bucket icon) to paint it with a light color (e.g., wheat).

3. Draw the Roof

 Select the Triangle / Polygon Tool.

 Draw a triangle on top of the rectangle (for the roof).
 Fill the roof with brown color.

4. Draw the Door

 Draw a smaller rectangle at the bottom-center of the house.

 Fill it with dark brown color.

5. Draw Windows

 Draw two small rectangles (left and right side of the house).
 Fill them with sky blue color (to represent glass).

6. Draw the Sun

 Select the Circle/Ellipse Tool.

 Draw a circle in the top-right corner.
 Fill it with yellow color.

7. Draw the Ground

 Draw a long rectangle at the bottom of the canvas.

 Fill it with green color (to represent grass/ground).

8. Save the Drawing

 Go to File → Save As → PNG/JPEG.

 Save with the name drawing [Link].
 Flowchart: Drawing and Painting Operations

Start

Open MS-Paint

Draw Rectangle
( House Base )

Draw Triangle
( House Roof )

Draw Rectangle/square
( Door, Windows )

Draw circle
( Sun )

Draw Ground

Apply Colors
( Paint )

Save Drawing

End

Result:
The drawing and painting operations were successfully demonstrated by creating a
simple colorful scenery using basic shapes and paint tools.
Exp. No : 7
SCRATCH PROGRAMMING
Date :

SCRATCH PROGRAMMING

INTRODUCTION:

 Scratch is a programming language. Programming language is meant that a

means of communicating with the computer, so as to give some instructions
for it to perform.

 Programming in Scratch is very easy, including animation and games. It is a

very useful tool for young kids or creators to learn and implement coding
logic.

 It was developed by MIT's Media Lab and it is free and can be used online on
its, website, or it can be downloaded to use offline. It is available for operating
systems like Windows, iOS, ChromeOS, Android 6.0+, etc.

SCRIPT

 In Scratch, a script is a set of instructions that are used to create a Scratch

program. Or we can say that it is a stack of blocks that are connected with
each other and perform the specified tasks. Scripts are used to interact with
sprites and tell them what to do or say.
 We can create a script in the script area. Here, we drag the blocks from the
block palette and assemble them to create scripts.
SPRITE
 There are objects and characters that could be added to a program to
perform actions based on code written in scripts in a project using blocks,
these objects and characters are known as Sprite. You can add a prebuilt
sprite or create a new sprite as per your requirement.

 You can find the option to add the sprite in the right bottom corner, second
menu from the right corner. There are many free sprites already available in
the store, you can choose any of them or can paint a new sprite, or upload
any other sprite. Below are some of the preloaded sprites from the scratch,

TEMPO
 If you want to attach any instrumental blocks or beats to your scratch project
then you need to determine how fast your note has to play. Whether you want
to play the same beat for 60 seconds you want to play 3-4 beats for some time
period. This control of the speed of instrumental beats in Scratch is known as
Tempo.

EVENTS
 Events in Computer Science refer to the trigger, which makes anything
happen when any button is clicked or any action has happened. In Scratch,
events are represented by Yellow color blocks, which include when the flag is
clicked, when the sprite is clicked, when the key is pressed, etc.
BACKDROPS

When you program something in Scratch, you have full freedom to use and change
the background, before or during the program. These background effects are known
as Backdrops.

CODING BLOCKS

Coding blocks are some pre-defined or pre-written blocks of code that make writing
statements of code very simple in Scratch. You can use any coding blocks by simply
dragging and dropping as per your requirements. You may also create your custom
block if you want. Below are a few of the coding blocks explained in brief. Besides,
there are various other coding blocks available, and also you and create your blocks
too.
 Motion: These are used to move a sprite back and forth or in any
direction or rotate them.

 Looks: These are used to change the look of the sprite or replace them
with some other sprite of the same category.
  Sounds: Tempo or Sounds are used to control the sound flow in the
program.

 Events: Events handle trigger calls.

 Controls: Conditional operators and loops are all in this category.

 Sensing: Sensing controls how to react whenever the mouse pointer

hits the playground and/or touches the sprite or by the motion of the
mouse.

 Operators: These are for the control and flow of arithmetic operations
in the program.

 Variables: You can declare the variables, in your program using these
blocks.

 My Blocks: You can create your custom blocks from here.

LOOPS
Loops in Scratch or any programming language help you execute the same line of
code with or without different values for 'n' a number of times. You can either set
the number of times or set a condition to end the loop. Scratch supports the
following loops:
 Repeat: This block is used to iterate the given set of instructions 'n' a
number of times. Here, the value of n is a positive number.
 Forever: This block is used to execute the given set of instructions
infinitely.
 Repeat until: This block is used to iterate the given set of instructions
until the given condition is not satisfied.
Conditions
Conditions in Scratch are implemented using Control blocks. You can use control
blocks to check for a condition and based on if the condition is true or false, the
required code/script can be executed. Two of the most popular control blocks are:
 if-then: In this block, if the given condition is true the code/script
present inside this block will execute. Otherwise, the code/script
present inside this block will be ignored.

 if-then-else: In this block, if the given condition is true the code/script

present inside this block will execute. Otherwise, the code/script
present inside the else block will execute.
Exp. No : 8(a) CREATION OF FUNCTIONAL BLOCK FOR SIMPLE

Date : MATHEMATICAL PROBLEMS

ADD TWO NUMBERS

AIM
To create a functional block in Scratch Programming Language that adds two
numbers and displays the result.

ALGORITHM:
Step 1:Start
Step 2: Input two numbers → num1 and num2
Step 3:Create a functional block named Add Two Numbers that performs the
operation: sum = num1 + num2
Step 4:Call the functional block with the two input numbers.
Step 5:Display the result (sum).
Step 6:End

PROGRAM DESIGN (Using Scratch Blocks)

1. Create a Custom Block:
 Go to “My Blocks” category → Click “Make a Block”

 Name the block: Add Two Numbers (num1) (num2)

[Link] the Custom Block:

 Define Add Two Numbers (num1) (num2)

 Set [sum v] to (num1 + num2)

 Say (join "The sum is: " sum)

3. Main Program Flow

When green flag clicked
Ask "Enter first number:" and wait
Set [num1 v] to (answer)
Ask "Enter second number:" and wait
Set [num2 v] to (answer)
Call Add Two Numbers (num1) (num2)
OUTPUT

RESULT

Thus, the functional block in Scratch Programming Language to add two numbers
and display the result created successfully.
Exp. No : 8( b ) SCRATCH PROGRAMS FOR APPLIED SCIENTIFIC

Date : COMPUTING AND DATA MANIPULATIONS - CALCULATE MEAN

OF A SET OF NUMBERS

AIM:
To Compute the average (mean) of a list of numbers entered by the user.

ALGORITHM:
1. Ask the user to enter numbers separated by commas.

2. Convert the input into a list.

3. Sum all number.

4. Divide by the number of elements.

5. Display the mean.

Scratch Implementation Blocks:

 Use "ask [Enter numbers separated by commas] and wait" block.

 Use "split text by ','" block.

 Loop over the list → convert text to numbers → sum them.

 Calculate mean = sum ÷ count.

 Display the result using "say" block.

OUTPUT

RESULT

This simple program lets users input any sequence of numbers, and it correctly
calculates and displays the mean in an interactive Scratch project.
Exp. No : 8(c)
DRAWING AND PAINTING OPERATIONS
Date : BASIC DRAWING (LINES, CIRCLE)

AIM:
To create a simple Scratch program that demonstrates basic drawing (lines, shapes)
and painting (filling with colors) using the Scratch Pen extension.

ALGORITHM:

Step 1:Start the program.

Step 2:Select a Sprite (e.g., the default Cat sprite or a pen sprite).
Step 3: Enable Pen Extension
 Click on Extensions → Add the Pen Extension (this allows
drawing).
Step 4 :Drawing a Shape (e.g., Square)
 Clear the screen → clear block.

 Put the pen down → pen down.

 Set the pen color and size → set pen color to [color], set pen size
to [size].

 Repeat 4 times: → Move forward by a fixed number of steps (e.g.,

100 steps). → Turn right by 90 degrees.

Step 5 :Painting Operation,Optionally, use the pen color to simulate filling the
shape as the sprite
draws.
Step 6: Finish Drawing .Lift the pen → pen up.
Step 7 :End the program.
OUTPUT

RESULT

This algorithm demonstrates the use of Scratch Pen Extension to perform simple
drawing and painting operations.
Exp. No : 8(d) SCRATCH ANIMATION FOR CONDITIONAL AND LOOPING
Date : STATEMENTS -FISH GAME

AIM
To create a Scratch Animation that demonstrates the use of Conditional Statements
(if-else) and Loops (repeat, forever) in a simple interactive project.

ALGORITHM
1. Start the program when the green flag is clicked.

2. Clear the screen and reset the sprite’s position.

3. Use a forever loop to make the sprite move continuously.

4. Inside the forever loop:

 Move the sprite by 10 steps.

 Use a conditional (if-else statement): → If the sprite is touching the

edge → • Say "I hit the edge!" for 2 seconds. • Turn 180 degrees (change
direction). → Else → continue moving.
5. Repeat forever.

Scratch Program (Blocks Description)

When green flag clicked
go to x: 0 y: 0
clear
show
forever
move 10 steps
if < touching edge? > then
say "I hit the edge!" for 2 seconds
turn 180 degrees
end
end
OUTPUT

RESULT
This Scratch Animation helps beginners visualize how conditional and loop
statements work in a fun, interactive way.
Exp. No : 8(e) DRAW ARTISTIC, GEOMETRIC PATTERNS AND CREATE
Date : GAME - SPIRAL GEOMETRIC PATTERN

AIM
To use Scratch Programming to: Draw artistic geometric patterns.

ALGORITHM

1. Start the program.

2. Clear the screen.

3. Set pen size and color.

4. Put the pen down.

5. Repeat many times (e.g., 50):

 Move forward by increasing steps.

 Turn by a small angle (e.g., 15°).

6. Lift the pen.

SCRATCH PROGRAM
When green flag clicked
clear
set pen size to 2
set pen color to [red]
pen down
set steps to 10
repeat 50
move (steps) steps
turn 15 degrees
change steps by 5
end
pen up
OUTPUT

RESULT
A colourful spiral pattern is drawn on the Scratch stage.
Exp. No : 8(f)
DRAW ARTISTIC, GEOMETRIC PATTERNS AND CREATE
Date :
GAME - CATCH THE FALLING OBJECTS

AIM
To use Scratch Programming to: Create a simple interactive game.
ALGORITHM
1. Start the program.

2. Display player sprite at the bottom of the screen.

3. Generate falling objects (e.g., apples) at random x positions at the top.

4. Continuously move objects downward.

5. Control the player sprite left and right using arrow keys.

6. If the player touches the falling object: • Increase score. • Re-position the object at the
top.

7. Display score.

OUTPUT

RESULT
An interactive game where the player moves left/right to catch falling objects and the score
increases.