TRIGONOMETRY FORM

IDENTITIES
NOTABLE TRIANGLES TRIGONOMETRIC
Pythagorean
45 degrees
60 degrees 53º 1  you2 x cos2x
2 2 5
3
1  cos2x you2 x
1 1
you2 x cos2x 1
45 degrees 30º 37º
1 3 4 1 tg2 x sec2x sec2x tg2 x 1
1 ctg2 x csc2x csc2x ctg2 x 1
127° 153 degrees 75°
5 10 2 4
2
1 1 6- 2
53° 37°
2 2 15°
2 3 6+ 2
BY QUOTIENT

thank you cosx

82º
tgx ctgx
25
74º
17
76º
5 2 cos x thank you
7 1 1
16º 14° 8th
24 4 7 RECIPROCAL
1
csc x
62° 59º thank you
17
8
31 sin [Link] x 1
1 3
1
28°
45°
2 31º [Link] x 1 sec x
15 3 5 cosx
[Link] 1
1
ctgx
tgx

TRIGONOMETRIC REASONS OF AUXILIARY IDENTITIES

NOTABLE ANGLES

30º 60 degrees
45 degrees
37º 53º
1 3 2 3 4
you
2 2 2 5 5
3 1 2 4 3
cos
2 2 2 5 5
3 3 4
tg 3 1
3 4 3 IDENTITIES FOR ANGLES
ctg 3
3
1
4 3 COMPOUNDS
3 3 4
2 3 5 5 sen(x y = sin(x) * cos(y) cos(x).sin(y)
sec 2 2
3 4 3 cos(x y) = cos(x) * cos(y) - sin(x) * sin(y)
2 3 5 5 tgx tgy
csc 2 2 tg(x y)
3 3 4 1 microgram per gram

Prof. Julio C. Cerón Velásquez

 AUXILIARY IDENTITIES FOR COMPOUNDS
IDENTITIES FOR THE ANGLE
sen(x y).sin(x - y) you2 x you2y DOUBLE
cos(x y).cos(x - y) cos2x you2y sin(2x) = 2sin(x)cos(x) AUXILIARIES
sin(x y) cos 2x = cos2 x you2x
tgx tgy 2cos2 x 1  cos2x
[Link]
cos2x=2cos2 x-1 2sen2 x 1-cos2x
sen(y x)
ctgx category cos(2x) = 1 2 sen2 x
[Link] ctgx tgx 2csc2x

cos(x y) ctgx tgx 2ctg2x

1μ[Link] 2tgx
[Link] tg2x= sec2x 1 [Link]
1-tg2 x
cos(x y) sec2x 1 [Link]
[Link]μ1
[Link]
tgx tgy tg(x y).[Link] tg(x y)

Double Angle Triangle

PROPERTIES
2tgx sen2x= 2tgx
1 + tg2x
1) a sin(x) ± b cos(x) = a2 [Link](x± ) such that:
2x cos2x= 1–tg x
2
b a
you y cos 1 + tg2x
2
a b 2 2
a b 2 1–tg2x

2) x It is fulfilled that:

- a 2 b 2 asenx bcosx a 2 b 2 IDENTITIES FOR THE ANGLE
HALF
(MINIMUM) (MAXIMUM)

AUXILIARIES
AUXILIARY IDENTITIES FOR THREE
x 1 cos x
ANGLES sen = x
2 2 cscx ctgx = ctg
2
1) If A + B + C = 180°
x 1 cos x x
It is fulfilled: cos = cscx ctgx = tg
2 2 2
tgA + tgB + tgC = tgA . tgB . tgC
x 1 cos x
[Link] + [Link] + [Link] = 1 tg =
2 1 cos x

2) Yes: A+B+C=90°
It is fulfilled: Where the sign it will depend on the quadrant in which it is
x
everywhere
2
ctgA + ctgB + ctgC = ctgA . ctgB . ctgC
[Link] + [Link] + [Link] = 1

Prof. Julio C. Cerón Velásquez

 CASE II

IDENTITIES FOR THE ANGLE For the product of two terms, Sines and/or Cosines to sum
or difference.
TRIPLE
Being: x > y

sin(3x) = 3sin(x) - 4sin 3x

2 Sinx Cosy = Sin(x + y) + Sin(x) y)
cos(3x) = 4cos3x - 3cosx
2 Sin Cosx = Sin(x + y) Sen(x y)
3tgx - tg3x
tg3x = 2
1-3gtx 2 Cosx Cosy = Cos(x + y) + Cos(x y)
2 Sin(x) Sin(y) = Cos(x) y) Cos(x + y)
AUXILIARIES

sin(3x) = sin(x)(2cos(2x) 1) 2. TRIGONOMETRIC SERIES

cos(3x) = cos(x)(2cos(2x)) 1)
For the sum of Sines or Cosines whose angles
2cos2x 1 they are in arithmetic progression.
tg3x = tgx
2cos2x 1

Sen nr 
[Link](60  x).sen(60  x) sen3x
Sen  Sen  r) Sen(  2r) .....
2
Sen  P U2 
[Link](60)  x).cos(60  x)
[Link](60  x).tg(60  x) tg3x
cos3x
n terms Sen r
2  
tgx tg(60  x) tg(120  x) 3tg3x

Sen  nr2 
TRANSFORMATIONS
TRIGONOMETRIC
Cos  Cos (  r) Cos (  2r) .....
You  r 

Cos P  U
2 
"n" terms 2

P : primer ángulo; U : último ángulo

1. IDENTITIES FOR SUM AND PRODUCT r = reason
OF SINES AND/OR COSINES

CASE I: For the sum or difference of two Sines or Cosines 3. SPECIAL SERIES OF COSINES
a product.

Propertyn Z
A B A B
SenA SenB 2Sen Cos
2
A B
2
A B
Because 
2n 1   Cos  2n31   Cos  2n51   ....nter minos 1
2
SenA SenB 2Sen Cos
2 2
Propertyn Z
CosA CosB 2Cos A B A B
Because
2
A B
2
A B

Because2
2n 1   Cos  2n41   Cos  2n61   ...terms  1
2
CosB CosA 2Sen Sen
2 2

Prof. Julio C. Cerón Velásquez

 4. TRIGONOMETRIC PRODUCTS 3. THE TANGENT THEOREM
Given a triangle ABC

Sen  2n 1  Sen  2n21  Sen  2n31  ....Sen  2nn1  2n 1

2n B

 2n 1  Cos  2n21   2n31   2nn1 

B
Cos Cos .... Because 1
a
2n c

Tg  2n 1  Tg  2n21  Tg  2n31  ...Tg  2nn1  2n 1 A

A

b
C
C
It is fulfilled:

RESOLUTION OF TRIANGLES I. a - b =
tg A - B
2  
OBLIQUE a+b tg A + B
2  
SINE THEOREM
II. b - c =
tg B - C
2  
In every triangle ABC with circumradius R, it is verified
b+c tg B +
2
C
 
(O: center).

III. a – c =
tg A – C
2  
B
• a = 2R sin A
a+c tg A +
2
C
 
c a b = 2R sin B
R
O c = 2R sin C 4. THEOREM OF PROJECTIONS
A
b C C
Also:

a b = c = 2R b a
=
you A you B you C

A B
2. COSINE THEOREM A B
In every triangle ABC b cos A
c cos B
C
B

a
c It is fulfilled:

A
A
b
C C = b cosA+ c cos B
Also:

It is fulfilled:
a = b cos C + c cos B
2 2 2
a = b +c - 2bc cos A .......... (1) b = a cos C + c cos A
b2 =a2+c2- 2ac cos B .......... (2)
c 2=a2+ b2-2ab cos C .......... (3)
If we isolate cos A from (1), we obtain:

cos A = b2+c2-a2
2bc

Prof. Julio C. Cerón Velásquez