UNIVERSITY OF THE ARMED FORCES

ESPE LATACUNGA EXTENSION

DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY AND MECHANICS
Automotive Engineering Degree
LABORATORY GUIDE OF AUTOTRONICS III

CODE OF THE
CAREER SUBJECT NAME
SUBJECT NRC
Automotive Engineer EMEC44003 3372 AUTOTRONICS III

PRACTICE DURATION
LABORATORY OF: Automotive Electronics Laboratory
No. (HOURS)
ABSOLUTE PRESSURE SENSOR OF
8 THEME: 3
ADMISSION MULTIPLE (MAP)

1 OBJECTIVES
GENERAL

Establish the operation of the MAP sensor

SPECIFIC

Identify the location, cables that the MAP sensor has

Take the necessary measurements on the MAP sensor.
Know how to carry out self-diagnosis.
Establish a graphical analysis of the operation of the MAP sensor.

EQUIPMENT AND NECESSARY MATERIALS

2

Chevrolet Suzuki Vitara 1.6L 3 vehicle

Multimeter.
Cables with needle and lizard tips.
Apron.
Oscilloscope
Vacuum pump
Scanner
Camera.
Toolbox.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
3

ABSOLUTE PRESSURE SENSOR OF THE INTAKE MANIFOLD (MAP)

In the absolute pressure sensor (MAP), there is a silicon chip mounted inside a reference chamber.
On one side of the chip there is a reference pressure. This reference pressure is either a perfect vacuum or
a calibrated pressure, depending on the application. On the other hand, there is the pressure to be measured. The silicon chip
it changes its resistance with pressure changes. When the silicon chip bends due to the change of
pressure, its electrical resistance changes. This change in resistance causes the voltage signal to vary. The
ECM interprets the change in voltage as a change in pressure and any change in the signal of
Voltage means there was a change in pressure.

The MAP sensor sends a signal according to the absolute pressure of the intake manifold and reports this.
form the load to the Engine Control Module for:
Establish the fuel dosage
Establish the advance of ignition

figure 1: MAP Sensor

Source: [Link]

The intake manifold pressure has a direct relationship with the engine load. The ECM needs
to know the pressure in the intake manifold to calculate the amount of fuel to inject, when
turn on the cylinder, and other functions. The MAP sensor is located directly on the intake manifold.
It is mounted on the upper part in the engine compartment and connects to the intake manifold with a
vacuum hose. It is very important that the vacuum hose has no bends for proper
operation.

Figure 2: MAP sensor operation

Source: [Link]

El sensor MAP es un sensor electrónico, que constantemente supervisa la succión o vacío en el múltiple de
admission, and depending on the value of the vacuum present, it delivers a greater or lesser voltage to the Control Unit
Automotive electronic device responsible for controlling the amount of fuel through the injectors.
 source: 1MAP sensor circuit
Source: [Link]

FUNCTIONING

The MAP sensor uses a perfect vacuum within the face of the silicon chip as its reference pressure. The
difference in pressure between perfect vacuum and pressure changes in the intake manifold on the other side
The chip causes the signal to the PCM to change. The MAP sensor converts the manifold pressure of
admission in a voltage signal.

At idle, the signal will be low

In sudden acceleration, the signal will be high.
In deceleration, the signal will be lower than at idle.
In cruise mode, the signal will be similar to that of idle mode.

Figure 3: MAP sensor circuit

Source: MAP sensor courses

The voltage signal from the MAP sensor will reach its highest level when the pressure inside the manifold of
admission should be as high as possible (ON key and engine off or in a sudden acceleration). The voltage signal
the MAP sensor reaches its lowest level when the intake manifold pressure is as low as possible
decelerating with the kite of the acceleration body in the closed position.
As you can see, MAP sensors really have a quite simple operating principle.
basic. We saw that the central component of a MAP sensor is a silicon chip that will stretch, flex and
It will return to its original shape as changes in pressure and vacuum occur with acceleration and deceleration.
of the engine.
 Figure 4: Range of values of the MAP sensor
Source: MAP Sensors Course

LOCATION
We can find the sensor located in the following parts:
In the acceleration body

Figure 5: MAP Sensor in the throttle body

Source:[Link]

2. In the intake manifold

Figure 6: MAP sensor in the intake manifold

Source: [Link]

3. In some part of the engine compartment, through a vacuum hose that connects the
intake manifold sensor.
 Figure 7: MAP sensor with vacuum hose from the sensor to the intake manifold
Source: [Link]

When an engine accelerates and decelerates, changes in vacuum are experienced inside the
admission multiple. It is precisely those variations that the silicon chip of
The MAP sensor is responsible for detecting. With the flexions of the chip, changes occur in the
electric resistance attached to the same chip which modifies the voltage signal towards the
PCM for it to execute the modifications to the various engine systems with
based on the engine workload reported by the MAP sensor. Now we will see
issues related to the diagnosis of the proper functioning of the MAP sensor.

source: 2: Silicon chip MAP sensor

Source: [Link]

4 PROCEDURE

The MAP sensor can cause various problems in the vehicle as it is an important sensor for
fuel injection and ignition timing.

1. Park the vehicle you will be using on a flat surface.

2. Open the vehicle's hood.

3. Identify the throttle position sensor in the vehicle.

4. Visually check the sensor, connections, and vacuum hoses. The hose of
the aspiration must be free of twists, leaks, obstructions and connected to the port
correct.
5. Locate the MAP sensor in the engine compartment.

6. Check the vacuum hose connected to the sensor and make sure it is in good condition.
conditions and free of obstructions. Make sure there are no loose wires and that the
the electrical connector of the sensor is in good condition.
7. Determine what type of MAP sensor is installed in your vehicle (voltage or
frequencies). If you have the type of voltage, you will use a voltmeter for this test; if it is of the type
to measure frequency, you will use a tachometer. Check your vehicle's service manual if not
Are you sure what type it has.

8. Disconnect the electrical connector from the MAP sensor and turn the ignition key, but do not
turn on the engine. With a voltmeter, measure the reference voltage by touching the wire
reference with the positive meter and the negative meter to the black ground wire, which is
at the end of the connector coming out of the computer. If the reference voltage (close to
5 V) is out of specification, you have found the source of the problem. Reconnect the
MAP sensor and turn the key to off. Take your vehicle to an automotive electrical workshop.
professional for more tests

9. Connect the negative probe of the multimeter or tachometer to the ground wire (black) and the probe
positive to the signal cable. The sensor connector must be connected. The third cable
(the reference cable) produces only a constant signal of 5 V. Consult the
wiring diagram in your vehicle service manual if needed. You might want
insert plugs into the wires to connect the ends for this test.

10. Disconnect the vacuum hose from the MAP sensor and connect a portable vacuum pump.

11. Turn the key to the on position, but do not start the engine.

12. Read the voltage or the revolutions per minute. With a vacuum of zero inches of mercury.
Hg), you must obtain between 4.5 and 5 V, or between 300 and 320 revolutions per minute.

Apply 5 in-Hg (12.7 cmHg) of vacuum. You should now have a reading of approximately
3.75 V, or between 275 and 295 revolutions per minute.

Figure 8: MAP sensor test value range

Source: [Link]

14. Apply 20 (50.8 cmHg) of vacuum now. On this occasion, you should have a reading of
approximately 1.1 V or between 200 and 215 revolutions per minute. Compare your readings
with those specified in the vehicle service manual. If the values are outside of
specification, replace the MAP sensor.

15. The VC, the VCQ cable must supply approximately 5 volts to the MAP sensor. The cable
The ground E2 must not have any resistance.

16. Sensor calibration and its performance are checked by applying different pressures and
measuring and comparing the voltage drop against the specification. The voltage drop is
calculate by subtracting the PIM voltage from the VC voltage.
5 RESULTS OBTAINED

Table 1: Values obtained from the MAP Sensor

MAP Sensor Cables Colors Photography

Signal voltage

Reference voltage

Ground voltage

source: 3Authors

Table 2: Table of Voltage and Pressure Values

MAP SENSOR TEST
Representative table of the MAP sensor
UNITS 1 MEASURE 2MEASURE 3MEASURE 4 5
MEASURE MEASURE
A
(kpa)
EMPTY (mmHg)
APLICADO ([Link])
FALL OF (V)
VOLTAGE
source: 4 Authors

Figure 9: MAP sensor on live wire

Source Authors

Graphics
 6 QUESTIONNAIRE

What is the MAP sensor?

In the absolute pressure sensor (MAP), there is a silicon chip mounted inside a reference chamber.
On one side of the chip is a reference pressure. This reference pressure is either a perfect vacuum or
a calibrated pressure, depending on the application. On the other side is the pressure to be measured. The silicon chip
it changes its resistance with changes in pressure. When the silicon chip flexes due to the change of
pressure, its electrical resistance changes. This change in resistance causes the voltage signal to vary. The
ECM interprets the change in voltage as a change in pressure and any change in the signal of
voltage means that there was a change in pressure.

2. How does the IAT sensor interact with the MAP sensor when positioned together?

They share the same ground, the signal voltage is different for MAP and another for IAT, space is optimized in
the engine compartment when placing them together, as both sense the air that enters the engine

3. How does the voltage vary according to the depression generated in the intake?

The greater the depression, the lower the voltage delivered by the sensor to the ECU, that is, it is inversely.
proportional

4. Explain the behavior of the MAP sensor during acceleration and idle.

Aceleración:Envía una señal de alta carga y poco vacío (vehículo en movimiento o con carga y mucho aire
Entering) the ECU enriches the mixture, the injectors inject a greater amount of fuel
Idle: The signal from the MAP sensor when it senses a low load (the vehicle with no load, or at idle) and a high
vacuum (low air pressure), the ECU is responsible for leaning out the air-fuel mixture, that is,
injectors must inject less gasoline

5. What is a piezoelectric sensor?

It is a device that uses the piezoelectric effect (pressure acts on a crystal) to measure pressure.
acceleration, tension or force, transforming the readings into electrical signals.

6. What happens when the MAP sensor fails?

When the MAP sensor fails, failures occur such as:
Excessive fuel consumption.
The engine turns off.
Engine drowning.
It jerks when the engine accelerates.
Unstable minimal march.
The Check Engine light comes on.

7. Where can the MAP sensor be located?

The MAP sensor can be located at:
 In the acceleration body
In the intake manifold
In some part of the engine compartment, through a vacuum hose that connects the
intake manifold sensor.
Inside a control box that contains several hoses and vacuum solenoids or even
within the Electronic Control Module

Under what operating conditions of the engine is the voltage high?

The voltage signal from the MAP sensor is highest when the manifold pressure is the highest.
(key in the ON position, engine off or when the throttle opens suddenly). The signal of
the voltage of the MAP sensor is the lowest when the intake manifold pressure is the lowest
deceleration with the accelerator closed.

9. What is the vacuum pump used for in the MAP sensor?

The vacuum pump is used to carry out the respective tests with which variations are made.
pressures to obtain different values in the voltage in this way it can be determined if the MAP sensor
is functioning correctly.

10. What is the difference between an Analog MAP sensor and a Digital MAP sensor?

The MAP sensor for pressure variation is based on a variable resistor actuated by the vacuum created.
through the cylinder's admission. It has three connections, one of which is the current input that provides the
power supply to the system, one ground connection and another output. The ground connection is located
approximately in the range of 0 to 0.08 volts, the input voltage is generally about 5 volts
while the output varies between 0.6 and 2.8 volts. The latter is responsible for sending the signal to the
unity of command.
Frequency variation sensors cannot be tested in the same way as in the case
from the pressure ones. These sensors measure barometric pressure in addition to intake pressure.
obtaining the absolute pressure from the rest of the barometric pressure and the pressure created by the vacuum of the
cylinder.

7 CONCLUSIONES

8 RECOMMENDATIONS

BIBLIOGRAPHIC AND WEB REFERENCES (CONSIDER THE APA FORMAT, USE

9
DIGITAL BASES OF MIESPE

DELIVERY DATE Latacunga June 14, 2016

Companies

Compiled by: Reviewed:

 Joel Salazar
Alex Pallo
José Rodriguez
José Tubón Ing. German Erazo L. MSc.

Qualification: