Methods for Separating Mixtures
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ScribdTranslationsMethods for Separating Mixtures
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ScribdTranslationsUNIT 1.
METHODS OF SEPARATION OF MIXTURES
To separate the components of a mixture, physical methods of separation of mixtures are used, which are based on the differences
existing between the physical properties of the components of a mixture. During a separation process, all the changes that occur are
of physical type and more than one method can be used to achieve the separation of the components of a mixture.
Method It is used for... Properties Drawing, image or diagram of Industrial Process Example in
Physics/Changes system used those that are used
of state in the
that is based on
Decantation Separate two or more Miscibility Treatment primary of waters
liquids that do not Density residuals to eliminate solids in
they dissolve among themselves and suspension
they have different
density.
Also to separate
the particulate solids
thick insoluble in a
liquid.
Filtration Separate a solid Size of Clarification of beer
insoluble particle size of the solid
fine particle of a in relation to
liquid, using a size of
membrane o half particle of the pore
so that I let it pass the of the filter
liquid and retain the
solid.
Most common filters
son: filter paper, fiber of
asbestos, cotton, fiber
of glass networks
metallic
Centrifugation Separate a solid Difference of Separation of components
insoluble (of a grain) densities milk solids.
very fine easy y
sedimentation) of a Separation of blood plasma.
liquid.
A centrifuge is used
(movement of
accelerated translation
Distillation Separation of mixtures Difference of It is widely used in obtaining
miscible liquids. points of of alcoholic beverages, in the refined
boiling. from oil, in extraction processes
of petrochemical products of everything
It involves a type and in many other fields of
evaporation industry.
followed by a
condensation
Crystallization Separate a solid Differences of Purification of compounds.
dissolved in a solution solubility
It implies a
evaporation and
solidification
Evaporation Separate a solid Difference in the Manufacturing of fruit juices and milks
dissolved in a liquid vapor pressure concentrated
Can to be usedfor
concentrate solids.
The liquid may or may not
recurperarse.
Sublimation Separation of solids and Difference in the Purification of benzoic acid
one of they is vapor pressure
sublimable.
Deposition
Imantation Separate solids and one of Magnetism Separation of ferrous materials from
they can be attracted the trash
by a magnetic field.
Extraction Separate mixtures of Difference of Recovery of metals from waste
liquid-liquid and solid- solubilities liquids
liquid upon contact with
another solvent what Decantation
select one of the Filtration
compounds of the Distillation
mix.
Chromatography Separate mixtures of Affinity - whether Separation and analysis of products
gases or liquids by through the phase extracted from plants (pigments
the passage of these through stationary or the like chlorophyll, carotenoids and the
of a porous medium mobile phase xanthophylls
(stationary phase) with
solvent assistance (phase Different
mobile) adherence
(adsorption)
It is also used for
identify and quantify
substances.
Stationary phase: paper,
a resin,
Leaching Solid-liquid extraction Hydrometallurgical process using the
what causes the dissolution of a
element from the mineral that it
contains to be retrieved in
stages later through
electrolysis. This process is applied to
the rocks that contain minerals
rusted, since they are easily
attacked by acids. In the
copper leaching uses a
sulfuric acid solution (H2SO4).
Levigado to separate solids It is used for In the pharmaceutical industry
levigation separate two types use this method to
of solids transform fine particles
powdered with the for use in ointments and
drag support creams.
of water.
Preparation of compounds
minerals like gunpowder and in
sprays in laboratories.