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Internet Development Phases and Protocols

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13 views10 pages

Internet Development Phases and Protocols

Uploaded by

Quốc Khánh
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

lOMoARcP SD| 15670278

lOMoAR cP SD| 15670278

1) During which period of time did the Institutionalization phase of Internet development take
place?
A) 1950-1960
B) 1961-1974
C) 1975-1995
D) 1995-through the present

2) Which of the following occurred during the Commercialization phase of Internet


development?
A) The fundamental building blocks of the Internet were realized in actual hardware and
software.
B) Personal computers were invented.
C) The Domain Name System was introduced.
D) NSF privatized the operation of the Internet's backbone.

3) During which phase of the development of the Internet was the Domain Name System (DNS)
introduced?
A) commercialization phase
B) institutional phase
C) innovation phase
D) consolidation phase

4) Which of the following is not one of the basic technological foundations of the Internet?
A) client/server computing
B) FTP
C) TCP/IP
D) packet switching

5) The process of slicing digital messages into parcels, sending them along different
communication paths as they become available, and reassembling them at the destination point is
called:
A) routing.
B) the Transmission Control Protocol.
C) packet switching.
D) the File Transfer Protocol.

6) Which of the following is the core communications protocol for the Internet?
A) Telnet
B) FTP
C) TCP/IP
D) TLS

7) The Transport Layer of TCP/IP is responsible for which of the following?


A) placing packets on and receiving them from the network medium
B) addressing, packaging, and routing messages
C) providing communication with the application by acknowledging and sequencing the packets
to and from the application
D) providing a variety of applications with the ability to access the services of the lower layers
lOMoARcP SD| 15670278

8) The Internet Layer of TCP/IP is responsible for which of the following?


A) placing packets on and receiving them from the network medium
B) addressing, packaging, and routing messages
C) providing communication with the application by acknowledging and sequencing the packets
to and from the application
D) providing a variety of applications with the ability to access the services of the lower layers

9) An IPv4 address is expressed as a:


A) 32-bit number that appears as a series of four separate numbers separated by semicolons.
B) 64-bit number that appears as a series of four separate numbers separated by semicolons.
C) 64-bit number that appears as a series of four separate numbers separated by periods.
D) 32-bit number that appears as a series of four separate numbers separated by periods.

10) The allows a natural language expression, such as [Link] to represent a


numeric IP address.
A) uniform resource locator system
B) Internet protocol addressing schema
C) domain name system
D) assigned numbers and names (ANN) system

11) The address used by a browser to identify the location of content on the Web is called:
A) a domain name.
B) a uniform resource locator.
C) an IP address.
D) a file path.

12) Which of the following is not an advantage of client/server computing over


centralizedmainframe computing?
A) It is easy to expand capacity by adding servers and clients.
B) Each client added to the network increases the network's overall capacity and transmission
speeds.
C) Client/server networks are less vulnerable, in part because the processing load is balanced
over many powerful smaller computers rather than concentrated in a single huge computer.
D) There is less risk that a system will completely malfunction because backup or mirror servers
can pick up the slack if one server goes down.

13) is a model of computing in computer processing, storage, software, and other


services which are provided as a shared pool of virtualized resources over the Internet.
A) Client/server computing
B) P2P computing
C) Mobile computing
D) Cloud computing

14) Which of the following protocols is used to send mail to a server?


A) IMAP
B) FTP
C) HTTP
D) SSL
lOMoARcP SD| 15670278

15) Where does TLS operate within TCP/IP?


A) between the Internet Layer and the Transport Layer
B) between the Transport Layer and the Application Layer
C) between the Network Interface Layer and the Transport Layer
D) between the Internet Layer and the Application Layer

16) Which of the following statements about cloud computing is not true?
A) A public cloud is typically used by companies with stringent privacy and security
requirements.
B) Dropbox is an example of a public cloud.
C) Hybrid clouds offer both public and private cloud options.
D) A private cloud may be hosted internally or externally.

17) is used to allow remote login on another computer.


A) Telnet
B) FTP
C) HTTP
D) SSL

18) is a utility program that allows you to check the connection between your client
and a TCP/IP network.
A) Ping
B) Telnet
C) Tracert
D) Finger

19) Which of the following technologies has enabled the Internet to grow exponentially to
support millions of users, without overloading the network architecture?
A) fiber optics
B) Wi-Fi
C) IPv6
D) client/server computing

20) Which of the following are specialized computers that transmit message parcels
alongavailable Internet communication paths and on to their destinations?
A) routers
B) Web servers
C) IP servers
D) packet servers

21) Which of the following is a set of rules for transferring data?


A) protocol
B) packet
C) router
D) IP address

22) Which of the following is not a basic type of cloud computing service?
A) IaaS
B) PaaS
C) SaaS
D) FiOS
lOMoARcP SD| 15670278

23) Which of the following are central directories that list all domain names currently in use for
specific domains?
A) Web servers
B) root servers
C) client servers
D) DNS servers

24) Which of the following was the original purpose of the Internet?
A) to provide a network that would allow businesses to connect with consumers
B) to link large mainframe computers on different college campuses
C) to develop a military communications system that could withstand nuclear war
D) to enable government agencies to track civilian communications

25) Which of the following is a utility program that allows you to track the path of a message
sent from a client computer to a remote computer on the Internet?
A) Telnet
B) Ping
C) IMAP
D) Tracert

26) Which of the following protocols enables the exchange of routing information among
different autonomous systems on the Internet?
A) HTTP
B) BGP
C) FTP
D) SMTP

27) Packet switching makes use of multiple circuits rather than one dedicated circuit.
Answer: TRUE
/ FALE
28) FTP is the protocol that permits users to transfer files from a server to their client computer,
and vice versa.
Answer: TRUE /
FALSE

29) Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is the Internet protocol used by a browser to transfer
web pages.
Answer: TRUE /
FLASE

30) A private cloud is operated for the benefit of multiple firms.


Answer: T R U E / FALSE

31) Amazon Web Services is an example of a private cloud.


Answer: T R U E / FALSE

32) HTTP/2 is supported by almost all the leading web browsers.


Answer: TRUE/ FALSE

33) In a hybrid cloud computing model, firms use their own infrastructure for their most essential
lOMoARcP SD| 15670278

core activities.
Answer: TRUE/
FALSE

34) Which of the following organizations monitor Internet policies and practices?
A) IETF
B) ISOC
C) W3C
D) ICANN

35) TCP/IP operates in which layer of Internet architecture?


A) Network Technology Substrate layer
B) Middleware Services layer
C) Transport Services and Representation Standards layer
D) Applications layer

36) The Web runs in which layer of Internet architecture?


A) Network Technology Substrate layer
B) Middleware Services layer
C) Transport Services and Representation Standards layer
D) Applications layer

37) The layer of Internet architecture that ties the applications to the communications network
and includes security and authentication services is called the:
A) Network Technology Substrate layer.
B) Middleware Services layer.
C) Transport Services and Representation Standards layer.
D) Applications layer.

38) The backbone of the Internet is formed by:


A) Internet Exchange Points (IXPs).
B) Tier 1 ISPs.
C) Network Access Points (NAPs).
D) Metropolitan Area Exchanges (MAEs).

39) When talking about the physical elements of the Internet, the term redundancy refers to:
A) transmitting multiple copies of a single packet to safeguard against data loss.
B) the use of tiered high-speed switching computers to connect the backbone to regional and
local networks.
C) delays in messages caused by the uneven flow of information through the network.
D) multiple duplicate devices and paths in a network built so that data can be rerouted if a
breakdown occurs.

40) The is a consortium of corporations, government agencies, and nonprofit


organizations that monitors Internet policies and practices.
A) Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG)
B) World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
C) Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
D) Internet Society (ISOC)
lOMoARcP SD| 15670278

41) The helps define the overall structure of the Internet.


A) IAB
B) IESG
C) W3C
D) ITU

42) Which of the following is not true about the mobile platform?
A) Most smartphones use Intel chips.
B) Smartphones and tablet computers are the primary means to access the Internet, both in the
United States and worldwide.
C) Most smartphones use either Google's Android or Apple's iOS operating systems.
D) Smartphones use flash memory chips.

43) Which of the following organizations involved with Internet governance has the United
States recently given up control over?
A) ICANN
B) IGF
C) NTIA
D) IANA
44) In the United States, about of Internet traffic now occurs over IPv6.
A) 10%
B) 15%
C) 25%
D) 40%
Internet.

45) The major hubs in the United States where the Internet backbone intersects with regional and
local networks are now commonly referred to as Internet Exchange Points (IXPs).
Answer: TRUE /
FALSE

46) T1 and T3 refer to international telephone standards for digital communication.


Answer: TRUE/ FALSE

47) Bluetooth is a high-speed, fixed broadband wireless local area network for commercial and
residential use.
Answer: TRUE/
FALSE

48) Tier 1 ISPs provide Internet access to consumers and businesses.


Answer: TRUE/ FALSE

49) Which of the following is not a concern about IoT?


A) the high cost of sensors
B) interoperability
C) security
D) privacy
the limitations of today's Internet and the potentialcapabilities of the Internet of the future.
lOMoARcP SD| 15670278

50) How long does it take for 300,000 X-rays to be transmitted on a 100-gbps network?
A) 10 seconds
B) 1 minute
C) 10 minutes
D) 1 hour
limitations of today's Internet and the potentialcapabilities of the Internet of the future.

51) What type of Internet access technology are Google and Facebook hoping to use to provide
Internet access to remote parts of the world?
A) Bluetooth
B) drones
C) WLANs
D) DSL

52) Which of the following is not a limitation of the current Internet?


A) the continued reliance on cables and wires for connectivity
B) limited bandwidth, which causes congestion and cannot adequately handle video and voice
traffic
C) architectural restrictions, which stipulate that numerous requests for the same file must each
be answered individually, slowing network performance
D) the difficulty in expanding capacity by adding servers and clients

53) Which of the following statements about fiber-optic cable is not true?
A) It transmits more data at faster speeds than coaxial or twisted pair cable.
B) It is thinner and lighter than coaxial or twisted pair cable.
C) A majority of U.S. homes have fiber connections.
D) Telecommunications firms have made substantial investments in fiber optic systems in the
last decade.

54) The major technologies used with wireless local area networks are:
A) Wi-Fi and Bluetooth.
B) Wi-Fi and WiMax.
C) Bluetooth and 3G.
D) WiMax and 3G.

55) Which of the following is not a quality of service limitation of today's Internet?
A) latency
B) the uneven flow of information packets through the network
C) insufficient bandwidth in the backbone
D) low level of guaranteed service

56) All of the following are involved in the effort to create standards for IoT except:
A) AllSeen Alliance.
B) Industrial Internet Consortium.
C) Open Connectivity Foundation.
D) W3C.
lOMoARcP SD| 15670278

57) Which of the following refers to delays in messages caused by the uneven flow of
information packets through the network?
A) redundancy
B) latency
C) Net neutrality
D) QOS

58) Microsoft's pilot program to provide broadband Internet access to rural areas uses which of
the following technologies?
A) satellites
B) drones
C) unused, low-powered television channels
D) high altitude balloons

59) Internet2 provides a nationwide 100 gigabit-per-second network.


Answer: TRUE/ FALSE

60) WLAN-based Internet access derives from the same technological foundations as telephone-
based wireless Internet access.
Answer: TRUE/
FALSE

61) The Internet of Things (IoT) is based on sensors that can collect data and connect to the
Internet.
Answer: TRUE/
FALSE

62) The first web browser to make it possible to view documents on the Web with colored
background, images, and animations was:
A) Netscape Navigator.
B) Mosaic.
C) Mozilla.
D) Internet Explorer.

63) In the address [Link] which of the following is the top-


level domain?
A) .com
B) [Link]
C) www
D) http

64) You could expect to find all of the following services in a web server software package
except:
A) security services.
B) FTP.
C) search engine.
D) an RSS aggregator.

65) Which of the following was the most popular web browser as of July 2017?
A) Internet Explorer
B) Safari
lOMoARcP SD| 15670278

C) Chrome
D) Firefox

66) The concept behind document formatting had its roots in which of the following?
A) XML
B) SGML
C) HTML
D) GML
67) All of the following are characteristics of HTML5 except:
A) a video element that replaces plug-ins such as Flash, QuickTime, and RealPlayer.
B) use of CSS3.
C) ability to access built-in functionality of mobile devices, such as GPS and swiping.
D) support for digital rights management.
68) HTML is used to format the structure and style of a web page.
Answer: TRUE/ FLASE

69) Cortana is a type of:


A) intelligent digital assistant.
B) widget.
C) gadget.
D) social network.

70) Which of the following enables Internet users to communicate with each other, although not
in real time?
A) mobile messaging
B) online forum
C) SMS messaging
D) VoIP

71) Which of the following is not a mobile messaging application?


A) Kik
B) WhatsApp
C) Viber
D) Feedly

72) A(n) allows users to easily add and edit content on a web page.
A) wiki
B) podcast
C) blog
D) RSS feed

73) The protocol that enables the transmission of voice and other forms of audio communication
over the Internet is called:
A) VoIP.
B) IPTP.
C) VTP.
D) IP.
lOMoARcP SD| 15670278

74) Snapchat's Lenses feature is an example of which of the following?


A) virtual reality
B) artificial intelligence
C) augmented reality
D) chatbot

75) All of the following statements about mobile apps are true except:
A) mobile apps have usurped television as the most popular entertainment medium.
B) iOS apps are cross-platform, open-source applications.
C) over 180 billion apps have been downloaded from the Apple App Store.
D) almost all the top 100 brands have a presence in at least one of the major app stores.

Common questions

Powered by AI

To address bandwidth congestion and other limitations, innovations like the introduction of content delivery networks (CDNs), advanced caching methods, and the transition to IPv6 have been implemented. CDNs efficiently distribute content to users across geographically dispersed servers, reducing load times and bandwidth congestion. Improved caching strategies reduce server load and accelerate web page delivery. IPv6 offers larger address spaces to accommodate scaling. These innovations have effectively mitigated certain limitations but require ongoing enhancement to fully tackle emerging challenges like rapidly increasing data consumption and evolving security threats .

Cloud computing models primarily include Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS). IaaS offers basic computing resources, allowing businesses significant control but requiring more IT management. PaaS provides a managed framework facilitating application development, simplifying deployment but potentially restricting control over environments. SaaS delivers fully managed applications, minimizing maintenance for users but limiting customization. Each model offers flexibility and cost efficiency but poses varying degrees of control, security concerns, and dependency on service providers .

IPv4 and IPv6 are protocols for assigning unique identifiers to devices on a network. IPv4, using a 32-bit address format, supports approximately 4.3 billion addresses, which became insufficient with the growth of Internet-connected devices. IPv6 was introduced with a 128-bit address space, vastly expanding the number of possible addresses to accommodate virtually unlimited devices. IPv6 also includes enhancements such as simpler address assignment, better subnetting, and built-in security features, addressing the limitations of IPv4 in a contemporary networked environment .

Packet switching has been fundamental in enabling the Internet to support exponential growth and maintain robust networks. This technology allows digital messages to be sliced into packets, sent through various paths as they become available, and reassembled at the destination, which enhances the network's efficiency and resilience. By not relying on a single communication path, it provides higher reliability and better load distribution, essential for a global network with millions of active users .

Internet Exchange Points (IXPs) are critical to improving Internet performance and resilience by providing direct data interconnection between network operators. Technologically, they reduce latency, increase speed by avoiding data routes that traverse far-off geographic locations, and lower the costs associated with data transit between ISPs. Societally, IXPs promote equal access to Internet resources, facilitate local content distribution, and enable regional economic development by encouraging the growth of local ISPs and tech companies, thus contributing to more robust and accessible global internet infrastructure .

Redundancy in Internet infrastructure—characterized by the use of multiple duplicate devices and pathways—enhances reliability by ensuring data can be rerouted in case of a network component's failure, thus preventing service disruption. It increases fault tolerance and uptime, which are essential for maintaining data availability and integrity across distributed systems. In terms of security, redundancy supports continual operation by providing backup systems that can compensate for compromised elements, hence safeguarding data transmission reliability and network performance .

TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) serves as the foundational protocol for the Internet, standardizing how data is packetized, addressed, transmitted, and received across networks. Its layered approach allows for interoperability among diverse systems, facilitating global connectivity and integration of networks worldwide. The adoption of TCP/IP enabled rapid expansion of the Internet by providing a universal set of communication protocols that support scalability and network diversity .

During the commercialization phase, the Internet saw significant structural changes, notably through the privatization of the Internet's backbone by the NSF, which enabled private firms to manage and expand its infrastructure. Additionally, this phase introduced the Domain Name System (DNS), facilitating easier access and navigation for users and businesses, contributing to the Internet's expansion into commercial and everyday use environments .

The institutionalization phase of Internet development took place from 1975 to 1995. This phase was characterized by the widespread adoption of basic computer networking technologies, the development of core host-to-host communications protocols, and the establishment of key infrastructural elements necessary for a publicly accessible Internet. It marked a transition from research and development settings to broader use by universities and research institutions .

The Domain Name System (DNS) is crucial for the Internet's functionality as it translates human-readable domain names into IP addresses required for routing data to appropriate destinations on the Internet. By providing a directory of easy-to-remember names rather than numerical IP addresses, DNS simplifies the user experience and supports the seamless interconnection between users and web services, thus playing a pivotal role in Internet usability and scalability .

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