Vernier Caliper
→ Use → Measures internal & external diameters
→ Principle → Difference between two scales increases accuracy
→ Parts → Main scale, Vernier scale, depth bar, jaws, lock screw, thumb grip
→ Least Count → 0.1 mm (smallest measurable unit)
→ Zero Error Types → No error, Positive error, Negative error
→ Types → Flat edge, Knife edge, Gear tooth, Depth gauge, Height gauge, Dial caliper, Digital
calipers
Micrometer Screw Gauge
→ Use → Measures small dimensions with higher accuracy
→ Types → Outside, Inside, Depth, Bench, Special-purpose micrometers
→ Reading → Uses a rotating screw for precision
→ Advantages → More accurate than vernier calipers, no parallax error
→ Disadvantages → Short measuring range, single-purpose
Dial Indicator
→ Use → Mechanical comparator for measuring small variations
→ Principle → Rack & pinion system magnifies spindle movement
→ Application → Checking roundness, small machined parts
Bevel Protractor
→ Use → Measures angles accurately
→ Types → Mechanical & Optical Bevel Protractors
→ Advantages → Measures angles from 0° to 360°, accurate readings
Limit Gauges
→ Types → Plain Plug, Snap, Ring, Pin, Calliper, Feeler, Screw Pitch, Radius Gauges
→ Use → Checks dimensions in mass production
→ Advantages → Ensures interchangeability, quick inspection
Gauge Blocks
→ Material → Hardened steel, tungsten carbide, ceramic
→ Grades → Reference (AAA), Calibration (AA), Inspection (A), Workshop (B)
Gauge Blocks
LTE1
63%
→ Material → Hardened steel, tungsten carbide, ceramic
→ Grades → Reference (AAA), Calibration (AA), Inspection (A), Workshop (B)
→ Wringing Methods → Sliding & rotating to combine blocks
→ Advantages → High accuracy, used for precision calibration