Ill Ill Ill Dynamics
f(inetics of Particles Ill Ill II
i
(a) acceleration Module 6
(b) tension
(c) both of them
4, 1\vo masses of JO kg and 15 kg arc connected to two ends of an inextensible rope and passing over a
smooth pulley. The 10 kg mass is lying over a rough plane, which is inclined at an angle of 25° with
the horizontal. If this angle is madeASS 30°, then:
(a) Tension in the string will increase
(b) Tension in the string will decrease
(c) Acceleration of the system will remain same
5. The units of weights are the same as that of force.
(a) Yes (b) No
... (/) 6. Newton's Second Law of Motion gives a relation between force, mass and
(b) Acceleration
(a) Velocity
(c) None of the two
7, Which of the following statement is wrong?
(a) The matter contained in a body in called mass.
(b) The force with which a body is attracted towards the centre of the earth is called weight.
(c) The total motion possessed by a moving body is called impulsive force.
(d) None of the above
8. If a lift is moving downwards with some acceleration, then tension in the cable is proportional
(a) Directly (b) Indirectly
... (ii) 1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (a)
6. (b) 7. (d) 8. (a)
1. State the Laws•of Motion. Discuss the First Law in the .light of the Second Law. 5 Marks
/ \ -: . .
2. Dlstingti'ish cle:arly between 'mass' and 'weight'. 2 Marks
3. Derive an expression for the tensiou in the cable supporting a lift ':'hen 5 Marks
(i) it is going up, and (ii) it is going down.
4. Explain the dyna�c equilibrium of a_rigid body in a plane motion. 5 Marks
5. Explain clearly the term 'recoil of gun'. How will you find the velocity of a bullet ?
2 Marks
6. Ho:" will you apply the Third Law of Motion in the case of a horse pulled cart. 2 Marks
ble rope passing over a 7. Explain the reason for the t¢nsion jn both the strings be equal, when two masses are attached to its ends,
' the systel!l will also be and the inextensible string is made to pass over a smooth pulley. 2 Marks
8. Obu:tln [Link] for the acceleration of two bodies connected by a string, when one body is hanging free
and the other is lying on a smooth hotizontal plane.
1g over a smooth pulley. ·9, Derive an equation for the tension in the string, when one body is free and the other is lying on a rough
f the position of the two horizontal plane.
10. Explain the procedure adopted fot obtaining the relations for acceleration of two bodies and tension in
the string when one of the bodies is hanging free and the other is lying on (i) smooth incline_d plane, and
er a pulley. One of the (ii) rough inclined plane. 5 Marks
value of the coefficient·
5 Marks
5 Marks
5 Marks
5 Marks
10 Marks
10 Marks
10 Marks
10 Marks
5 Marks
5 Marks
10 Marks
10 Marks
5 Marks
10 Marks
5 Marks
5 Marks
5 Marks
10 Marks
10 Marks
10 Marks
10 Marks
10 Marks
10 Marks
10 Marks
10 Marks
10 Marks
10 Marks
10 Marks
10 Marks
10 Marks
10 Marks
10 Marks
10 Marks
5 Marks
10 Marks
10 Marks
10 Marks
MODULE 6
2 Marks
1. State Newton’s first law of motion in simple terms.
2. What is inertia? How is it related to mass?
3. State Newton’s second law of motion and write its mathematical form.
4. What is the SI unit of force? Define it using Newton’s second law.
5. What is the difference between mass and weight?
6. A block is moving with constant velocity. What can you say about the forces acting on
it?
7. State Newton’s third law of motion and give a practical example.
8. What is an action-reaction pair? Are these forces always equal and opposite?
9. Why does a gun recoil when fired?
10. What do you understand by the term net force?
11. Define D’Alembert’s principle in simple words.
12. What is meant by a pseudo force? Give an example.
13. Why do passengers get pushed backward when a bus starts moving suddenly?
14. How does Newton’s second law explain why pushing a heavier object is harder?
15. A book is resting on a table. Identify the action-reaction forces in this case.
16. Why does a person jumping off a boat push the boat backward?
17. Explain why pulling a cart is easier when we apply force at an angle rather than
horizontally.
18. If an object is moving with constant acceleration, is Newton’s first law violated? Why
or why not?
19. Define the term equilibrium of forces and give an example.
20. What is the meaning of a free-body diagram? Why is it useful?
21. Why is it difficult to walk on ice compared to walking on the ground?
22. A person in an accelerating car feels pushed back. What force is responsible for this
sensation?
23. Why does a hanging mass in an accelerating car appear to tilt backward?
24. A person is standing inside a moving train. Why does he fall forward when the train
suddenly stops?
25. Why does a rocket move upward when fired, even though it has no contact with the
ground?
26. What is meant by dynamic equilibrium in motion?
27. How does Newton’s third law explain swimming?
28. Explain why pushing a stalled car requires an initial strong push but becomes easier
once it starts moving.
29. What happens to the normal force on a person when an elevator accelerates upward?
30. Why do we feel heavier when an elevator suddenly starts moving up?
5 marks
1. State and derive Newton’s second law of motion in terms of momentum.
2. A block of 5 kg is acted upon by a force of 20 N. Find its acceleration and velocity after
4 seconds if it starts from rest.
3. Explain the difference between inertial and non-inertial frames of reference with
examples.
4. A block of mass 10 kg is resting on a horizontal surface. A force of 50 N is applied at
an angle of 30° above the horizontal. Find the acceleration of the block. Assume no
friction.
5. Discuss the role of Newton’s third law in the motion of a rocket.
6. Derive D’Alembert’s principle and explain how it is used in dynamic equilibrium
analysis.
7. A 2 kg block is suspended from a rope inside an accelerating elevator. Find the tension
in the rope when the elevator moves upward with an acceleration of 2 m/s².
8. Explain why a person standing in a moving bus falls forward when the brakes are
applied.
9. A 5 kg object is moving with an initial velocity of 10 m/s. A constant force of 15 N acts
on it in the same direction for 5 seconds. Find its final velocity and total displacement.
10. Explain the concept of a pseudo force using an example of a block placed inside an
accelerating car.
11. A 15 kg block is on an inclined plane at an angle of 30°. Find the acceleration of the
block due to gravity along the inclined plane.
12. Why does a freely suspended pendulum in a train tilt backward when the train starts
moving? Derive the equation governing this motion.
13. A 20 kg block is pushed with 100 N force along a rough surface. If the coefficient of
friction is 0.3, find the acceleration of the block.
14. Explain why it is easier to push a heavy object on wheels than to slide it on the floor.
15. A 50 kg person is standing on a weighing scale inside an elevator. What will be the
scale reading when: (i) The elevator is at rest? (ii) Moving upward with 2 m/s²
acceleration? (iii) Moving downward with 3 m/s² acceleration?
16. A block of mass 5 kg is pulled by a force of 20 N on a frictionless table. If the force
suddenly stops after 4 seconds, what will happen to the motion of the block? Explain.
17. Two blocks of 10 kg and 15 kg are connected by a rope and pulled with a force of 50
N. Find the acceleration of the system and the tension in the rope.
18. Discuss the motion of a hanging pendulum inside a car moving with constant
acceleration.
19. Explain how D’Alembert’s principle can be applied to analyze motion in an
accelerating train.
20. Derive the equation of motion for a system of two masses connected by a string over a
pulley.
21. Two bodies of masses 45 kg and 30 kg are hung to the ends of a rope passing through a
frictionless pulley. With what acceleration will the heavier mass come down? What is the
tension in the string?
22. A car moving on a straight level road skidded for a total distance of 60 meters after the
brakes were applied. Determine the speed of the car just before the brakes were applied,
if the coefficient of friction between the car tyres and the road is 0.4.
23. The tractive force exerted by a railway car weighing 50 kN is 2000 N. If the frictional
resistance is 5 N per kN of the railway car’s weight, determine the acceleration when the
railway car is moving on a level track.
24. A body of weight 200 N is initially stationary on a 45° inclined plane. What distance along
the inclined plane must the body slide before it reaches a speed of 2 m/sec? The coefficient
of friction between the body and the plane is 0.1.
25. Two bodies of different weights are connected to the two ends of a light inextensible
string which passes over a smooth pulley. If the acceleration of the system is 3 m/sec²
and the bigger weight is 60 N, find:
(i) The smaller weight
(ii) Tension in the string.
26. Two bodies of weights 50 N and 30 N respectively are connected to the two ends of a light
inextensible string. The string is passing over a smooth pulley. Find the acceleration of the
system and tension in the string.
27. A pulley where the axis passes through the centre ‘O’, carries a load as shown in the figure.
Neglecting the inertia of the pulley and assuming that the cord is inextensible, find the
acceleration of the block A. How much weight should be added to or taken away from the
block A, if the acceleration of the block A is required to be g/3 downwards?
10 marks
1. A 20 kg block is placed on an inclined plane at 30°. The coefficient of friction is 0.2,
and a 100 N force is applied parallel to the incline to push the block upwards. (i) Find
the gravitational force component along the incline. (ii) Determine the frictional force.
(iii) Calculate the net force. (iv) Find the acceleration. (v) If the block starts from rest,
how far will it move in 5 seconds?
2. Two masses, 10 kg and 15 kg, are connected by a light inextensible string over a
frictionless pulley. The 10 kg mass is on a surface with friction coefficient 0.3, and the
15 kg mass is hanging freely. (i) Draw the free-body diagram. (ii) Write force equations.
(iii) Find acceleration. (iv) Calculate tension in the string. (v) Find velocity of the 10
kg block after 3 seconds.
3. A 10 kg block is hanging inside an elevator. (i) Find tension in the rope when the
elevator is at rest. (ii) When the elevator accelerates upward at 3 m/s². (iii) When it
accelerates downward at 2 m/s². (iv) If the elevator falls freely, what happens to the
tension? (v) Explain apparent weight based on results.
4. A 1200 kg car moves up a 10° incline at 20 m/s. The coefficient of friction is 0.4. (i)
Find the force due to gravity along the incline. (ii) Determine the frictional force. (iii)
Find the total deceleration. (iv) How far will the car move before stopping? (v) If the
car rolls back, how fast will it be moving after 5 seconds?
5. A 500 kg rocket is launched vertically with thrust force 8000 N. The mass decreases at
2 kg/s due to fuel burning. Ignore air resistance. (i) Find initial acceleration. (ii)
Acceleration after 10 s. (iii) Velocity after 20 s. (iv) If thrust stops, how high will it go?
(v) Explain how Newton’s third law governs motion.
6. Two blocks shown in the figure have weights A = 20 N and B = 10 N, and the
coefficient of friction between block A and the horizontal plane is μ = 0.25. If the
system is released from rest and block B falls through a vertical distance of 2 m, what
is the velocity attained by block B? Neglect the friction in the pulley and the tension of
the string.
7. Two weights 800 N and 200 N are connected by a thread and move along a rough
horizontal plane under the action of a force of 400 N applied to the first weight of 800
N as shown in the following figure. The coefficient of friction between the sliding
surfaces of the weights and the plane is 0.3. Determine the acceleration of the weights
and the tension in the thread applying D’Alembert’s principle.
8. Determine the tension in the strings and accelerations of two blocks of masses 150 kg
and 50 kg connected by a string and a frictionless, weightless pulley as shown in the
following figure.
9. A truck weighing 6 kN moves freely (engine is not running) at a speed of 36 km per
hour down a slope of 1 in 40, the road resistance at this speed just being sufficient to
prevent any acceleration. Find the road resistance per kN weight of the truck. What
power will the engine have to exert to run up the same slope at double the speed when
the resistance remains the same?
10. A system of weights are connected by strings passing over pulleys A and B as shown
in the following figure. Find the acceleration of the three weights assuming weightless
strings.
11. Two bodies of weights 10 N and 1.5 N are connected to the two ends of a light
inextensible string passing over a smooth pulley. The weight 10 N is placed on a
rough horizontal surface while the weight of 1.5 N is hanging vertically in air.
Initially, the friction between the weight 10 N and the table is just sufficient to
prevent motion. If an additional weight of 0.5 N is added to the weight 1.5 N, find:
(i) the acceleration of the two weights, and
(ii) tension in the string after adding an additional weight of 0.5 N to the weight 1.5
N.
12. Two blocks weighing 600 N and 1200 N are placed on a 30° plane and 60° plane
respectively as shown in the figure. The blocks are connected by an inextensible string
which is passing over a frictionless pulley. If μ = 0.25 for both the planes, find the
tension in the string and the acceleration of the blocks.
13. A body of weight 1250 N rests on a rough inclined plane as shown in the figure. It is
pulled up by means of an inextensible string passing over a frictionless pulley, and the
other end of the string carries a body of weight 900 N. Determine the tension in the
string and the acceleration with which the block moves up the plane. Take the
coefficient of friction μ = 0.25 between the body and the inclined plane.
14. A car is moving horizontally with constant acceleration a and a body of weight 800 N
rests on it as shown in the figure. The coefficient of friction between the car and the
block is 0.3. Determine
(i) the value of acceleration a at which slipping of the block on the car will impend, (ii)
the value of a at which tipping of the block about the edge A will impend, assuming
sufficient friction to prevent slipping.
15. A car is moving horizontally with constant acceleration a and a body of weight 800 N
rests on it as shown in the figure. The coefficient of friction between the car and the
block is 0.3. Determine the value of acceleration a at which slipping of the block on the
car will impend, and the value of a at which tipping of the block about the edge A will
impend, assuming sufficient friction to prevent slipping.