Topic 1: Atoms and the Periodic table
Lesson 2: The Periodic table
Lesson Objectives
1. Identify and describe the organization of the periodic table.
2. Explain the development of the periodic table.
3. Use the periodic table to locate key element information and describe elements.
Why do elements need to be organized?
• Organizing things usually makes them easier to use because you can better know
their properties, or characteristics.
• Define Atomic mass and Periodic table
• An element’s atomic mass is the average mass of all the isotopes of that element.
• The periodic table is a chart showing all of the elements arranged according to the
repeating pattern of their properties.
Note
➢ Mendeleev created the first periodic table in 1869.
Create a Venn diagram that compares and contrasts the Modern periodic table with
Mendeleev’s periodic table.
Periods in the periodic table
• The rows in the periodic table are called periods.
• There are seven periods.
• Metals are located on left; non-metals are located on right and
metalloids are found in between metal and non-metal.
• An elements property can be predicted by the location in the periodic
table.
Lanthanides and Actinides
• These periods are placed under the bottom of the main part of periodic
table to save space and make the rest of the table easier to read.
Lanthanides
• Elements are all found in nature and are sometimes called rare earth
metal.
• Most commonly known element in this series is Lanthanum which is
used in car batteries for hybrid cars and permanent magnets.
• They are soft shiny metal.
Actinides
• Uranium and Thorium are only two actinides found in nature , rest are
made artificially in laboratories.
• They are all radioactive.
Transuranium Elements
• These are elements those come after uranium.
• None of these elements is stable and each of them decays radioactively
into other elements.
Groups in the periodic table
The columns in the periodic table are called the groups.
There are 18 groups.
• Group 1 – Alkali metals.
• Group2 – Alkaline Earth metals.
• Group 3 to 12 – Transition Metals
• Group 13 –Boron family
• Group 14 – Carbon Family
• Group 15 – Nitrogen Family
• Group 16 – Oxygen Family
• Group 17 – Halogens
• Group 18 – Noble Gases
Group Name Location Key Properties Examples
Highly reactive
metals; never found
Group 1
as free elements in
Alkali Metals (except Lithium
nature; soft enough
Hydrogen)
to be cut with a
plastic knife.
Harder and denser
than alkali metals;
Alkaline not as reactive;
Group 2 Magnesium
Earth Metals never found
uncombined in
nature.
Hard, shiny solids;
good conductors of
Transition Groups 3– heat and electricity; Iron, Copper,
Metals 12 some found in Gold
elemental form in
nature.
Placed below the
main table to make it
Lanthanides Two rows
easier to read. Lanthanum,
and at the
Actinides are mostly Uranium
Actinides bottom
made artificially in
labs.
Contains the
Boron Family Group 13 Boron
metalloid Boron.
Only Carbon is a
Carbon nonmetal; Silicon
Group 14 Carbon
Family and Germanium are
metalloids.
Contains two
Nitrogen nonmetals (Nitrogen
Group 15 Phosphorus
Family and Phosphorus)
and two metalloids.
Group Name Location Key Properties Examples
Contains three
Oxygen nonmetals (Oxygen,
Group 16 Sulfur
Family Sulfur, Selenium)
and two metalloids.
Fluorine,
The most reactive
Halogen Chlorine,
Group 17 nonmetals; known
Family Bromine,
as "salt-forming".
Iodine
The least reactive
nonmetals; do not Helium,
Noble Gases Group 18
ordinarily form Neon, Argon
compounds.
Does not fall into a
family because its
chemical properties
Group 1,
Hydrogen are very different. Hydrogen
upper left
Simplest element
(one proton, one
electron).