Internship report

Kingdom of Morocco
Minister of Agriculture and Maritime Fishing
Of rural development and water and forests

Institute of Specialized Technicians in Agriculture of Ouled Teima

TECHNICAL MANAGEMENT IN AGRICULTURAL OPERATION

Executed by: IGGOUT Hamza

Level: 1st Year Agricultural Input Marketing

Supervised by: Mrs. LAHAB Khadija

Area of activity: plant production.

Internship location: AFRIFRUIT Company.

Internship carried out from January 10 to February 28

Training year: 2010-2021

1
 DEDICATION

To our dear parents.

To our brothers and sisters.

To all our maternal and paternal family.

To our colleagues at the Institute of Specialized Technicians in

agriculture of Ouled Teïma;

To all the people who have extended their hands to us.

2
 THANK YOU

At the end of this work, we would like to express our most sincere thanks to
our dear parents, as well as our mentors for their guidance and the precious
the teachings they provided us.

We express our heartfelt thanks to the entire teaching staff of the institute.
specialized technicians in agriculture of Ouled Teïma for the theoretical training that he
gave us.

We would like to thank all the staff of the company AFRIFRUIT for their
practical training, support, and advice during the internship period.

In short, anyone who has contributed directly or indirectly to the realization of this
work, find here the expression of our deep gratitude.

3
 INTRODUCTION

As part of the training of specialized technicians in marketing

Agricultural inputs for the 2020-2021 academic year, each student must
internship within an agricultural production operation from
from 10/01/2021 to 28/02/2021.

The objectives assigned to this internship will allow the intern to practice him
even the various operations concerning the technical itinerary of a
culture in a real environment.

Our internship took place within the company AFRIFRUIT AGADIR,

precisely in the exploitation F04. It focused on Raspberry cultivation
off the ground, and allowed us to put the theoretical information into practice
that we received and to deepen our knowledge by discovering the
technical driving.

This report analytically addresses the following points:

Presentation of the Chtouka Ait Baha region.

Technical study of raspberry cultivation.

4
 Summary:
PART 1: PRESENTATION OF THE REGION

I. Monograph of the region……………………………………………………8

1. Situation .............................................................................. 8

2. Pedoclimatic data of the region………………………….8

a. Edaphic data………………………………………8
b. Climate data……………………………………………….8

3. Water resources………………………………………………8
II. Purpose of the region.............................................................9

PART 2: PRESENTATION OF THE DOMAINS:

1. Identification of the operation ……………………………………11

[Link] of exploitation…………………………………………11
3. Exploitation Plan....................................................12

4. Parcel plan………………………………………………………….13
5. Edaphic data…………………………………………………..13
6. Water resources of the area……………………………….13
[Link] resources…………………………………………………14
a. Permanent and temporary MO…………………………….14
b. Organizational chart………………………………………………………14
8. Means of production and equipment………………………14
a. Buildings…………………………………………………………….15
b. Horticultural constructions………………………………………..15
c. Agricultural equipment……………………………………………………15

PART 3: THE TECHNICAL ITINERARY OF CULTURE:

A. BIBLIOGRAPHIC OVERVIEW:
1. The taxonomy ....................................................... 18

2. The morphological characteristics…………………………..18

3. The pedoclimatic requirements……………………………………18
a. Edaphic requirements..................................................18
b. Climate requirements ............................................. 18

4. Needs of culture……………………………………………………..18
a. Water needs……………………………………………………….18

5
 b. The needs in fertilizing elements...................................19

5. The main varieties used……………………………………..19

6. Production Schedule..........................................................19

7. Harvesting and packaging………………………………………19

B. THE TECHNICAL MANAGEMENT OF CULTIVATION:

I) Installation of the culture............................................................20

1. Installation work of the culture...........................20
2. Transplantation………………………………………………………….21

II) Maintenance of the crop…………………………………………………….21

1. Irrigation…………………………………………………………........21
a. Description of irrigation material…………………………….21
b. Determination of the water needs of the crop……………22
2. Fertilization..............................................................23
a. Fertilization equipment………………………………………………23
b. Determination of the nutrient needs for
culture

c. Preparation of the mother solution...............................25

3. Other maintenance operations...............................25
a. Common maintenance operations………………………………..25
b. Pollination……………………………………………………………..26
c. Weeding and soil maintenance……………………………………26
d. Foliar applications…………………………………………………..27
e. The size…………………………………………………………………….27

4. Protection of culture…………………………..28
a. Biotic diseases……………………………………………………...28
b. Ravagers…………………………………………………………………..28
c. Abiotic diseases.................................................................30

d. Preparation of the porridge…………………………………………….30

e. Treatment schedule.............................................31

III) Harvesting and packaging…………………………………………….32

1. Harvesting of products…………………………………………………32
2. Product packaging..............................33

3. Conservation of products………………………………………34

C. HYGIENE, HEALTH, AND SAFETY IN THE WORKPLACE:…35

D. PRODUCTION PROBLEMS:………………………………………36
Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………..37

6
 PART 1:

PRESENTATION OF THE REGION

7
I) Presentation of the region:
1) Situation:
The region of Chtouka Ait Baha is part of the irrigated perimeter of Sous Massa.
located 17km awayAït Mellouland 37kmd'Agadir. LA region covers an area of
352,300 hectares.

Photo 1: map of the Chtouka Ait Baha region.

2) The pedoclimatic data of the region:

a. Edaphic data:
The soil of the region is characterized by a sandy to sandy-loam texture.
Water retention capacity is low and the content of organic and mineral matter is
weak.
b. Climate data:
Chtouka-Ait-Baha has a hot Mediterranean climate with a dry summer.
the characteristics are as follows:

Température :

T max 30 °C
T min 4 °C
Annual averages T 19,4 ºC
Hottest months July, August and September
the coldest months December, January and February
Table 1: the average temperatures

the rainfall measurement

Generally, the annual rainfall varies from 150 to 250mm, this situation drives
la plupart des agriculteurs de la région à chercher d’autres sources d’eau (puits,
forages, seawater desalination...)

8
 The winds:
The Chtouka Ait Baha area experiences two types of winds:

the north-west winds coming from the Atlantic Ocean and which are in
principles accompanied by humid currents.
And the southeast winds that are warm and known as CHERGUI,
the latter can cause significant damage to the various
cultures.

Hygrometry:

Hygrometry

Min Max
28% 97%

Sunshine:
It is very high compared to other regions of the Souss Massa area.
sunshine hours reach 2500h/year.

3) Water resources:
The region is supplied with water by the Youssef ben Tachfin dam, but given
the inadequacy of this source, the majority of the operations are equipped by
well.

3) Purpose of the region:

a. the main productions:

Market gardening is the most dominant crop in the Chtouka Ait region.
Baha.

b. agro-industrial units:

- packaging units: Station: Driscolls Azura Matycha…

c. infrastructure :

Infrastructure
The ports The port of Agadir
Airport Agadir El Massira Airport
Road network The highway
Others

Summary: Among the constraints that hinder agricultural development in the

region, we find the water shortage due to the very deep waters and its
quality (high EC in certain areas)

9
 PART 2:

PRESENTATION OF THE AREAS

10
 I) Presentation of the Company:
Afrifruit is the subsidiary specialized in Red Fruits of the company Palmagri, division
agriculture of the Palmeraie Industries & Services group. specialized in the
production and showcasing of the entire range of red fruits, Raspberry,
Blueberry, Strawberry, and Blackberry in the Agadir regions in the south of Morocco and Moulay
Bousselham in the North.

The production covers a total of 200 hectares planted with red fruits on
two regions :

Agadir, Chtouka Ait Baha region: 10 domains, 150 Ha of greenhouses, 2250 tons
of red fruits, from September to April.

Moulay Bousselham: 2 areas, 50 hectares of greenhouses, 750 tons of fruits

red, from October to June.

II) Presentation of the operation:

1) Name:
AFRIFRUIT Company Parcel F04.

2) Situation :
The farm is located in Douar Tin Chaoui, Belfaa municipality, Biougra circle.
Chtouka Ait Baha province.

Legal nature: Holding.

Owner: Group of partners
Strategic orientations: production of high-quality red fruits
destined for export.

2) History:
-The F04 exploitation is a private property, the first campaign was
in 2015
2015-2016: pepper production.
2017: strawberry production
2017 -2018: the first blueberry campaign.
2019: raspberry production.
The company conditioned under the distributor brand Driscolls.
- Total area: 43 ha
Cultivated area: 33 hectares
Previous cultures: Raspberry and Blueberry
- Certification : Afrifruit est certifié sous les labels qualité Global Gap
GRASP, TN, BRC, & SMETA

11
 3) Exploitation plan:

Photo 02: parcel plan of domain 04

4) Parcel plan:
Parcel Greenhouse number Surface Current Culture Variety Cultural predecessor

1 6050 m2 Raspberry Yazmin Framoise

2 6050 m2 Raspberry Yazmin Framoise
3 6050 m2 Raspberry Yazmin Framoise
4 5550 m2 Raspberry Yazmin Framoise
5 5550 m2 Raspberry Yazmin Framoise
6 6050 m2 Raspberry Yazmin Framoise
9 6050 m2 Raspberry Yazmin Framoise
12 6050 m2 Raspberry Yazmin Framoise
15 6050 m2 Raspberry Yazmin Framoise
18 6050 m2 Raspberry Yazmin Framoise
21 6050 m2 Raspberry Yazmin Framoise
24 6050 m2 Raspberry Yazmin Framoise
25 10034 m2 Raspberry Yazmin Framoise
44 5750 m2 Raspberry Marvel Framoise
45 5750 m2 Raspberry Wonder Framoise
46 5750 m2 Raspberry Marvel Framoise
47 5750 m2 Raspberry Wonder Framoise
48 5750 m2 Raspberry Wonder Framoise
49 5750 m2 Raspberry Wonder Framoise
50 6550 m2 Raspberry Wonder Framoise
51 5750 m2 Raspberry Wonder Framoise
52 8840 m2 Raspberry Wonder Framoise
53 11300 m2 Raspberry Marvel Framoise

12
Parcel Greenhouse number Surface Current culture Variety Previous
cultural
7 5550 m2 Blueberry Ventura 2 Blueberry
8 5550 m² Blueberry Ventura 2 Blueberry
10 5550 m2 Blueberry Ventura 2 Blueberry
11 5550 m2 Blueberry Ventura 2 Bilberry
13 5550 m2 Bilberry Ventura 2 Blueberry
14 5550 m2 Blueberry Ventura 2 Blueberry
16 5550 m2 Blueberry Ventura 2 Blueberry
17 5550 m2 Blueberry Ventura 2 Blueberry
19 5550 m2 Blueberry Ventura 2 Blueberry
20 5550 m2 Blueberry Ventura 2 Blueberry
22 5550 m2 Blueberry Ventura 2 Blueberry
23 5550 m2 Blueberry Ventura 2 Blueberry
26 11300 m2 Blueberry Ventura 2 Blueberry
27 11300 m2 Blueberry Ventura 2 Blueberry
28 5750 m2 Blueberry Ventura 1 Blueberry
29 5750 m2 Blueberry Ventura 1 Blueberry
30 5750 m2 Blueberry Ventura 1 Blueberry
31 5750 m2 Blueberry Ventura 1 Blueberry
32 5750 m2 Blueberry Ventura 1 Bilberry
33 5750 m2 Blueberry Ventura 1 Blueberry
34 5750 m2 Bilberry Ventura 1 Bilberry
35 5750 m2 Blueberry Ventura 1 Blueberry
36 5750 m2 blueberry Ventura 1 Blueberry
37 5750 m2 Blueberry Ventura 1 Blueberry
38 5750 m2 Blueberry Ventura 1 Blueberry
39 5750 m2 Blueberry Ventura 1 Blueberry
40 5750 m2 Blueberry Atlas Blue Blueberry
41 5750 m2 Blueberry Atlas Blue Blueberry
42 5750 m2 Blueberry Jupiter Blueberry
43 5750 m2 Blueberry Jupiter Blueberry

5) Edaphic data:
Texture
Sites Sable Lemon Clay pH MO % Calcaire %
Domain 4 92.7 3,56 3,74 8.09 0.7 5.92

According to soil analyses, we can deduce that the soil of the exploitation shows a
texture with sandy dominance. The pH reveals that the soil is alkaline, with a low
proportion of organic matter, highlighting a low capacity of
water retention

13
 6) Water resources of the area:
Storage basin:

Nombre Capacité (m³) Cover Flow Water source EC (m PH

pump mhos
(m³ /h) cm)
Basin 2 1800 Filet 110 Their wells 0.45 7.1
1660 excitement

Wells and/or boreholes:

nombre Profondeur Type de Débit Source of energy EC (m PH

(m) pump (m³ /h) μS/cm
Well 3 235 Emerge 18 Electricity 2 .2 7

Human resources:
Permanent and occasional MO:

Permanent Occasional
Position held Qualification Name
Manager Master 1
Raspberry Manager Technician 1
Blueberry Manager Technician 1
R. technical management License The average of 250
HR Manager License 1 workers
Pointer Technician 1
Warehouseman License 1
Chef corporal Specialized worker 2
R. irrigation Specialized worker 1
R. Treatment Specialized worker 1
Interns Technician 4
Stationary 1
Stationary aid - 1
Gardient - 5
Tractor driver Chauffeur 2
Corporal - 5
Workers - 20

14
 b) Organizational chart:

8. Means of production and equipment:

a. The buildings:
Constructions Usage Name Surface/m2
Head station Fertigation 1 90
Treatment station Phytosanitary treatment 1 12
Tool store Storage 1 10
Worker housing housing 1 110
Office Management data 1 40
Caretaker's room Hall 1 6
Packing zone Conditioning and packaging 13 400
Rest area Canteen for workers 2 260
Toilets Needs 15 5

b. Horticultural constructions:
Types of Plastic Net Dimensions Culture Date of Mode
serres used used busy aeration plantation
Canaries H: 6m 180 µm Ambrière
L: 100 70% of
l: 100 m light Raspberry Month 8 manual
Anti
birds
Tunnels H: 3 m 160 µm
L: 80 m Ambrière Myrtille Month 8 manual
l: 6.5 m 70% of
light

15
 c) The agricultural equipment of the farm:
Heavy equipment

Designation Brand Number Usage Current State

Tractor 2 MF 275 Divers
Trailer 2 Transport Ancient
Lance sprayers 1 Foliar spraying
Tricycle 3 Dokcair Goods Transport new
Fridge 1 - The cold chain Ancient
The large equipment is more than adequate to meet all needs of the field.

Small equipment:
Material Name Usage
Pruners 21
Tweezers 15
You know 6 Maintenance equipment
spoons 3
Rakes 6
Haches 2
Small buckets 250
Palettes 50
Harvest containers (125) - Harvesting equipment
Plastic trays -
Packaging trays According to the order
Balances 22
Cartons According to the order
Packaging materials
Packing tables 45
Let's put on labels 20
PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) 8
Balances 1 Measuring equipment
EC and pH meter 7 for the head station
Thermometer 2
Pallet trucks 1 Charging equipment
The agricultural equipment of the farm remains insufficient and is shared with
other operations of the company AFRIFRUIT.

Maintenance operations carried out for heavy equipment:

Types d’entretien Nature de l’opération Fréquence Number of hours of
work/Day
Periodical Complete draining After 200 hours Variable
for the tractor of work Depends on the case
Pump control In case of a leak of use
Kit Control In case of breakdown Almost 10 o'clock
of irrigation
Daily Cleaning of the filters Every day Almost 10 hours
bins
According to the table, we can say that maintenance of the equipment is not frequent.

16
D. Production of exploitation:
Culture 2017-2018 2018-2019 2019-2020 2020-2021
Surface SAU Surface SAU Surface SAU Surface SAU
Strawberry 43 ha 15 ha - - - - - -
Blueberry - - 43 ha 13 ha 43 ha 18 ha 43 ha 18 ha
Raspberry - - - - 43 ha 10 ha 43 ha 15 ha

17
 PART 3:

THE TECHNICAL ITINERARY OF CULTURE:

18
A. BIBLIOGRAPHIC OVERVIEW:
1. The taxonomy:
Scientific names Raspberry
The reign Plant
The branch Sexually visible
The class Dicotyledons
The order Rose flowers
The family Rosaceae
The gender Raspberry

The importance of culture:

The total area allocated for the cultivation of red fruits in Morocco has increased from 3,035
In 2009, about 9,000 ha over the last two years. The increase
of cultivated areas has led to a surge in production. Indeed, production
The average for the sector was 197,000 tons in 2020.

3. Morphological characteristics:
The stems a perennial vegetation
branches a determined growth
Parties a biennial aerial system that is constantly renewed
vegetative The roots a natural multiplication by rooting
from newly formed buds on the
superficial part of the root system
The leaves Deciduous, alternate, oval, dentate à
sharp summit, green on both sides, hairless
The flowers an abundant flowering on axillary branches
lateral fruit calls
The fruits a white, yellow, orange, red, purple fruit or
Part black composed of numerous fleshy drupes,
breeder monosperms, carried on a fibrous receptacle,
elongated or rounded, adhering to the chalice and the
peduncle
The seeds a seed surrounded by a very hard endocarp, it is
why the germination of seeds is very
difficult.
Source : [Link]
Remark: The raspberry bush is a plant whose roots and crowns are
perennial but the stems are biennial.

4. The pedoclimatic requirements:

a. Edaphic requirements:

The raspberry is a very demanding cold-season plant:

Type of soil Acidic soil, draining and rich in matter

organic
Edaphic requirements pH 4.5 - 5.5
EC Must not exceed 0.8 dS/m

Note: Also, raspberries are sensitive to water stress.

19
 b. Climate requirements:

Temperature 21-29c◦
Humidity 65% _ 70%
Climate requirements Brightness Three raised
Insolation -
Froid 1000 hours

5. Needs of culture:
a) Water needs:

The amounts of water needed for raspberries vary according to the conditions.
climatic, The density of plants and vigor. Raspberry has an average need for
irrigation water of 20 to 30 m³/ha/day with peaks reaching up to 50
m³/ha/day during the summer period (growth period or very high T).

The annual irrigation water requirement is estimated at 5000 m3/ha.

b) The needs for fertilizing elements:

Fertilizer needs per hectare per year

UN U P2O5 U K2O In Mg
90 30 60 20

From the beginning of the vegetative cycle, micro-elements must be supplied by

root application weekly, and foliar once every 2 weeks
until its fruiting.

6. The main varieties used:

Types F. Lang canes F. Roots F. Mottes
Variety Marvel Yazmin Yazmin
Magistique -Carmina Hope
Hope

7. Production schedule:
Soil leveling To level the ground surface
Cover file To minimize the work
maintenance (weeding)
Plot marking and planting E= 2.5 m ; e= 0.6 m
Irrigation Integrated dripper
Fertilization Needs of culture
Installation of stakes and trellising A trellising of type V or H according to
with string method of planting performed
Edragenage to stimulate the production of
new shoots

20
[Link] and packaging :
The most important maturity index in raspberries is the external color,
the raspberry fruits should be picked when the fruit is completely red,
Nevertheless, the shade of red will vary according to the different cultivars, the content of
sugar does not increase after harvest and the taste of immature raspberries harvested
will be relatively acidic

The good practice for picking raspberries is to squeeze them gently

base of the fruit between the thumb, index finger, and middle finger, then gently pull to
Detach from the receptacle, the fruits of the raspberry plant must be detached from the receptacle.
properly, in order to obtain a hollow fruit without a core, a mishandling
During harvesting, there is a risk of damaging the fruits, which will lead to leakage.
solutes and a detachment of the drupes.
Raspberries are highly perishable fruits, with a lifespan of 4 to 7 days,
they must be cooled as soon as possible after harvesting to bring back the
temperature at the pulp level at 0° or 1° C, forced air cooling is there
the best method to remove the heat from the fruit.

B. THE TECHNICAL MANAGEMENT OF CULTIVATION:

I. Installation of the culture:

Case of soilless cultivation:
Raspberry cultivation appreciates a fertile, well-drained soil rich in
organic matter (2-4%) with a pH of 6.0 to 7.0 of medium texture
light (e.g. sandy lemon). That is why the estate has resorted to the
soil-less culture.
The choice of substrate depends on its physical and chemical characteristics:

Physical characteristics Chemical characteristics

Good water retention A pH between 4.5 and 5.8
Good drainage Cation exchange capacity
Good porosity low or none (inert substrate)
An apparent density of 0.3kg/m3

The landscaping work before transplantation:

OperationsJW/Ha Number
of workers/Ha
Uprooting (collecting) 2 8
Cleaning 2 6
Grading (hoeing) 1 2
Soil watering 1 2
Generalized mulching (localized mulching) 2 8
Plot tracing (installation of substrate holder) 1 4

21
 Filling the jars 2 8
The installation of the bricks 3 8
The setting up of the pots 3 8
The implementation of the irrigation system 2 4
Leaching of peat half day 1
Plantation 1 8

For the type of system adopted, it is an open system whose future of the solution
the drainage is evacuated in the greenhouse.

Transplantation :
Cult Variety No. Date Nature E*e Density Device Day Open
ure to be plantation e plantation Plants/Ha Work r/ha
re plant n /ha
1 24/06/2020
Yazmin 2 25/06/2020
3 27/06/2020
4 27/08/2020 420 Kg
5 25/08/2020
6 11/07/2020 E=2.5m Line 56,000
9 25/07/2020 Root e= 7 cm simple 1 20
12 29/07/2020
15 29/07/2020
18 29/07/2020
21 18/08/2020
24 18/08/2020
25 23/08/2020
Yazmin 52 31/08/2030 Motte E=2.5 m Line 15 680 1 20
53 30/08/2020 0.25m simple
44 20/11/2020
45 23/11/2020
46 21/11/2020 E=2.5m Line 20
47 11/12/2020 e = 0.6m simple 6533 1
Wonder 48 13/12/2020
49 14/12/2020
50 17/12/2020
51 25/12/2020

After importing the seedlings, we placed them in the fields of farm F04.
who facilitated the conditions for the startup while talking about care:
- Application of the amino acid to stimulate cell activity (Stress
of the movement
- Application of fungicide and insecticides
- Fertigation
- Brumisation

22
 II. Culture maintenance:
[Link] :
[Link] of irrigation equipment:
The irrigation water at the farm is distributed across the different sectors at
the help of a storage basin, a pumping station, a pipeline and
distribution elements on plot (drippers).

Irrigation equipment:

Photo 4: Water basin Photo 5: Disk filters Photo 6: Pump

Photo 7: Tamie filters Photo 8: Valve Photo 9: Manometer

Horizontal shaft pump: It draws water from the basin and it is

powered by electricity.
Screen filters: for the infiltration of water from the basin,
Disc filters: 3 for the infiltration of water from the basin,
Distribution organs: It corresponds to all the elements related
between them (Drip system integrated with 2 outputs - PVC tube -
Pipes to carry water from the station to the plots.

The ramps:

Organs Flow rate (l/h) Distance between organs on

the ramp
Simple pipe Q 16
Dripper + Tubing + Punch 2L/H 0.6 m

23
 b. Determination of water needs:
The determination of the water needs of the crop is based on the method of
drainage (the quantity of water brought in and that lost through drainage)
drainage points).

Example: ETM = Contribution - Drainage

Date : 20/02/2021
Greenhouse No. tour Hour Duration Contributory Drainage
(min) percentage
V EC Ph V EC Ph
1 9 :00 2 100 2.33 - 0 - - 0%
2 10:00 2.5 155 2.15 - 80 2.23 - 12%
48 11:00
3 2.5 150 2.35 - 110 2.45 - 18%

4 11 :30 2.5 160 2.40 - 210 2.60 - 32%

5 12:00 3 200 1.86 - 280 2.52 - 35%
6 12:00 3.5 220 1.90 - 300 2.71 - 34%
7 12:00 4.5 310 2.10 - 500 2.78 - 40%

Photo 10: drainage point Photo 11: collection point

We determine water needs according to the following equation:

D/A *100

Serre case 48: D/A*100 = the average of 30% throughout the day
In the morning: we start the irrigation with an average percentage of
20%
For the afternoon: we keep the drainage in the range (30% to 40%)

24
2. Fertilization:
a. Fertigation equipment:

Photo12: Mixing tanks Photo 13: Air Agitator 14: Kit (injectors)

b. Determination of the nutritional needs of the crop:

The fertilizers used:

Fertilizer Composition Form Solubility

Potassium nitrate 13% - 46% solid 31.6

Calcium Nitrate 15.5%-27% solid 122

MG nitrate 11%-0-0-15.4% solid

Ammonitrate 33.5% solid

Sequestrene 60 % granules

MKP 11%-52%-34% solid 37

Potassium sulfate 50% solid 11

Trust Zn Mn (Mn) 7% powder

(Zn) 10%
(Mg) 7% ----------------
(Mo) 0.1%
Trust Oligo Fer 7.2 %
Mn 4.8%
Zn 3.6 %
With 1.5%
At 1.2%
Mo 0.20 %
Sulfuric Acid 98% liquid ----------------

25
 Liquid fertilizers:

Fertilizer Composition Dose

Agripotash 5.1% P2O5 – 32% K2O 2L/Ha

MEGAFOL 3N% -1%NO-2% K 3 L/Ha

Boramin Ca max 5% N–8% Ca 2 L/Ha

Liquid fertilizers used in cases of high heat, deficiency, or stress

water

Fertilizer Composition Dose

Iron chelate 6% Iron chelate 2kg/Ha

Iron chelate present in the daily fertilization program.

Fertigation Program:

FERTILIZATION PROGRAM Stage: Fruiting

Farm 04: Raspberry Date : 15/02/2021

Stock A :
Calcium nitrate: 97 Kg
Iron EDDHA 2000g Stock C :

Stock B : Sulfuric Acid: 22L

Magnesium Nitrate: 39 Kg
Potassium nitrate : 11 Kg
MKP 19 Kg
Stock volume (L): 1000
Potassium sulfate 41 Kg
Trust Oligo 1350 g
Injection rate: 1: 100
Trust Zn Mn 1000g

EC: 1.96
Ph : 5,7

c. Preparation of the stock solution:

The preparation of the stock solution is done as follows:

Based on the adopted fertilization program and translate it into

amount of fertilizer to apply;

26
 At the level of the head station, we prepare the mother solution of each
days all while respecting the compatibility of fertilizers in several
bacs ;
Once the solution is ready, the injection will take place all the time.
watering with great respect for electrical conductivity of the
solution girl

3. Other maintenance operations:

a. Common maintenance operations:

Operation Mode Stadium Material Frequency JW/Ha Number
of workers
by Ha
Trellising Manually Vegetation 1 time String- 1 Day 6-8
Tutor-
Knife
Dragged Manually Development Once Pruner 1 day 8
lateral
Striptease Manually After Once - 1 day 10
pallage

[Link] :
Raspberry flowers must be appropriately pollinated.
in order to obtain a fruit with a uniform shape. The development of the fruit
occurs quite quickly,

At raspberry, pollination occurs either through self-pollination (the

hermaphrodite flowers and therefore capable of self-fertilization), either by the
cross-pollination. As well as the use of bumblebees (16 hives/ha) and 5
domestic bee hives.

For the stage of introducing the hives, at the beginning of flowering (15%), we
introduce a hive/ha and we add gradually until it reaches 100%

The location of the hives:

The hives must be located in such a way that the flight paths of the bees do not
are not against the prevailing winds.

Photo 15: Bumblebee hive Photo 16: Domestic beehive

27
 [Link] and soil maintenance:
Weeding is done manually on a regular basis, by eliminating the
unwanted plants that harbor diseases and pests that can be
transmitted to the Raspberry later.

Indoor weeding: weeding of pots.

Outdoor weeding: weeding of the pathways.

[Link] applications:
Period
Stadium Product Composition Material Porridge/Ha Dose
used
Agripotash 5% P2O5
32% K2O 1 tonne 150 cc/hl
Megafol 3% N Fixed position1 tonne 150 cc/hl
8% K2O +
the lances
8% Ca
Boramin Ca 5% Nitrogen 1 tonne 150 cc/hl
max 5% Amino Acids

The size:
variety Shape of Type of size Era of Material Shaped organs
plant realization used

Formation Stadium Peace

(Cate back) vegetation Pruner
YAZMIN Full The plant
+ Fruiting End of Pruning shearsup to 5cm
vegetation
MARVEL (Mowdowne) harvest above the
sun

Comment: A training size is applied for the Yazmin variety.

to complete the production cycle.

Just after pruning, it is important to close the greenhouse structure for

keep the optimal temperature.

the coating to prevent botrytis

An insecticide is applied to the substrate to avoid all kinds of

pests (the gray glass).
Note: Irrigation management at the time of pruning is very important for
succeed in the operation and to avoid the rotting of the roots.

28
 5. Protection of culture:
a. Biotic diseases:

Variety Culture Maladie Symptômes Conditions Control method

of appearance
Preventive Curative

Powdery Mildew Case

blanche+ Fog particular ______
Yazmin yellow stains on the
+ replant
Wonder Botrytis Rot Stress of the plant Treatment
gray Humidity chemical ______

Inventory of plant protection products:

Disease Product Active Ingredient Mode DAR Cereal

used Action dose L/ha used
Botrytis Teldor Fenhexamid 1.5 1000 3j Lances
Kg/h Contact L/ha
a
Oidium Kaiser 10 Cyflufenamide 20 Contact 1000 3j Lances
SC cc/hl L/ha

Photo 17: powdery mildew on the leaves Rotting on branches

29
 [Link] :

Stadium of Treatment
Ravagers ravager Damage Methods Threshold generalized
of controls intervention localized
Enrollment of Surveillance
Thrips Adult leaves + Mean Generalized
Appearance of Trapping
necrotic points
The laying of eggs
Drosophila on the fruit sudden Surveillance
Suzuki Adult attacks +
secondary of Go Means Generalized
mushrooms and
fly
bacteria

Weakening of
Moth Larva the plant Surveillance The first Generalized
-growth attack
mediocre
The glass Degradation of The first ones
gray Adult the bark symptoms observation localize
Death of the plants

Mites All Weakening

red stages Rejuvenation follow 2 households / ha Generalized
Enrollment of
leaf

Preventive control method:

Trapping:

Ravagers Shape Type of Shape

trap

Thrips Blue Band

Fruit fly Goodbye

Suzuki fly

The auxiliaries:
Ravagers auxiliary Dose/ha Shape
Phytoseiulus 4 Ind /m2
Mites similar 40,000 Ind/ha
red

30
 Curative control method:

Chemical treatment cases:

Ravager Stage culture Product M.A Dose DAR Porridge Equipment
used l/Ha used
Thrips Radiant Vegetation/Blossoming Spinetoram 30cc/hl 1000 3j
120 SC
Drosophila Fruiting Radiant Spinetoram 80cc/hl 1000 3j Position
suzukii 120 SC fix
Mites Vegetation/Flowering Acramite Bifenazate 50g/hl 1000 3j +
Moth Radiant Vegetation/Flowering Spinetoram 60cc/hl 1000 3j Lances
120 SC
The glass Vegetation Radient Spirotetramat 1 l/ha
gray 120 SC By 1000 7j
injection

[Link] of the porridge:

The different stages of preparing the porridge:

First, he fills 1/3 of the basin with water, then he measures the
quantity of the product and the addition to the bin. He adds the remaining water and he
mix with a stirrer.

Control acidity in case of insecticide.

Add 1 kg/T of granulated sugar in case of thrips treatments.

No precautions are taken despite the presence of everyone.

protective equipment.

d. Abiotic diseases:

Anomaly Symptoms Causes Solutions Solutions

abiotic curatives preventive
Burns of Red spots, Drought Brumisation
leaves and of enrollment of cause of the __________ +
the apex leaves corking Shading net

Photo: Leaf burns

31
 e. Treatment schedule:

Date Product Dose Greenhouse

Boiled surface Observation
(g/hl) /ha (Ha)
25/06/2020 Switch 300g/hl 1-3 1000L 01 preventive
62.5 WG
26/07/2020 Teldor 100g/hl 6-18 1000L 01 preventive
27/07/2020 Uniform 15cc/hl 21-25 1000L 1.6 preventive
27/07/2020 switch 300g/hl 6-25 1000L 1.7 preventive
25/07/2020 uniform 15cc/hl 12-15 1000L 01 preventive
11/08/2020 teldor 100g/hl 4-5 1000L 01 préventive
25/08/2020 Compag 75cc/hl 52-53 1000L 02 preventive
no
29/08/2020 uniform 15cc/hl 1-2-3 1000L 02 preventive
29/08/2020 switch 100g/hl 4-5 1000L 01 preventive
29/08/2020 switch 100g/hl 52-53 1000L 02 preventive
18/08/2020 switch 100g/hl 1-3 1000L 1.5 preventive

18/08/2020 Switch 100g/hl 18 1000L 0.7 preventive

ecovigor 200cc/
hl
23/08/2020 Switch 100g/hl 25 1000L 01 preventive

30/08/2030 Mimic 50cc/hl 1-2-3 1000L 02 Greenhouse

2F attacked
31/08/2020 Radiant 60cc/hl 1-2-4- 1000L 3
Lower 7 10cc/hl 5
Radient 60cc/hl
November 20, 2020 4-5 1000L 01
Lawyer 7 10cc/hl
23/11/2020 Radient 60cc/hl 18-21- 1000L 2.4 Greenhouse
Lawyer 7 10cc/hl 25 attacked
21/11/2020 Radient 60cc/hl 52-53 1000L 02
Lawyer 7 10cc/hl
11/12/2020 Radient 60cc/h 6-9 1000L 01
Lawer 7 1Occ/hl
13/12/2020 Acramite 30cc/h 3 1000L 0.7 Greenhouse
Lawyer 7 1Occ/hl attacked
14/12/2020 Acramite 30cc/hl 1 1000L 0.7
Lawer 7 1Occ/hl
29/12/20 switch 300g/P Maravi 1000L 5.4 preventive
lla
18/02/21 Radient 60 cc/h Maravi 1000L 5.4 preventive
there
27/02/21 Teldor 2Kg/h Maravi 1000L 5.4 preventive
all

32
 IV) Harvesting and packaging:
1. Harvesting of products:

The raspberry harvest takes place in December, the maturity index the
the most important thing about raspberry is the external color.
Raspberry fruits should be harvested when the fruit is evenly
colored between orange and red,

The precautions:

The raspberry picking is very complicated, the worker has to be very

Care to not crush the fruit while ensuring its freshness.

Each worker can harvest 16 kg per day depending on the variety.

The raspberry fruits are harvested without pedicels and will be placed in some
tray
The selection of fruits is first done in the field to choose the fruits.
first quality, the fruits that do not meet quality standards
required by the clients, and the excess will be placed in other trays and they
will be sold in the local market.

The harvesting equipment:

Photo 19: Harvest buckets Photo 20: Collection plow

Photo21: the harvest boxes

33
 2. Product packaging:

In the field, product packaging is done in packaging areas.

respecting hygiene and safety conditions.

Photos 22: Blueberry packaging area.

a. Triage:
triage is one of the most important steps in the production of the
raspberry that consists of avoiding:

- The presence of the peduncle;

- The break;
- Scars;
- Rot;
- Dehydration;
- Soft
- Lack of color;
- Caliber <2g.

b. Packaging :
For the packaging, the sorted products are placed in trays.
count at the weight counter.

Packaging materials:

Carton Tray Lid The scale

Black PCA516 F250/H34 TN500/H26

Vert PCA516 N500/H26 TF125/H10 A scale of a
DRISCOLL’S capacity of 8 kg
F125/H10 F500
PCA208 1kg
DRISCOLL4S K37/H40Black
T500/N26
PCA208 1.5kg

The type of cardboard and tray is chosen according to the market.

34
 c. Labeling :

a label contains: day number, week number,

the farm code and the variety code; another label
the DRISCOLL'S group contains the information of
society.

Photos 24: labeling operation

3. Conservation of products:

After harvesting and arriving at packaging, efficient systems are necessary.

to quickly eliminate the heat from the field before storage and reach
a temperature between 0 and 1°C, recommended for storage and
transport.

The storage of products is done within the storage station.

DRISCOLL'S located in domain 1.

The raspberry should be stored with a high relative humidity (95% to

0°C), a condition that will help reduce the water loss of the fruit.

With proper harvest management, rapid cooling and a

storage at 0 °C, under relative humidity conditions between
At 90 to 95%, the fruits have a minimum duration of 7 days.

C. HYGIENE, HEALTH AND SAFETY IN THE WORKPLACE:

As always, exporting agricultural companies that are equipped

of a certification guaranteeing the quality of its products in foreign markets,
the company AFRIFRUIT certified "Global Gap", equips its farms with
a wide range of instructions, measures, and rules of hygiene, health and
security in order to maintain a clean workplace that meets the
requirements and standards of good agricultural practices 'Global Gap'.

35
Among its installations, measures, and hygiene, health, and safety regulations, there are
find

Sanitary installations:
Rest areas for workers during meals;
Clean sinks;
Sanitary toilets;
Rules and hygiene measures for harvesting:
Wearing clean work attire;
Handwashing before each shift and after going to the
toilets
Protection of cuts and wounds; a dressing;
Smoking is prohibited in the plots;
Prohibition of eating in the plots;
Prohibition on storing food near the plots;
Declare any contagious disease;
Hazard identification:
Any point presenting danger has been identified by signs.
signage for avoidance.
The hygiene rules implemented are monitored by a quality service.
with the help of the detailed evaluation sheets on this side.

Photos 26: plant protection equipment.

36
 D. PRODUCTION PROBLEMS:

Problem Causes Solutions Results obtained

applied by
the company
The shortage Missing and Station of Good management
water poor quality of desalination of irrigation
the water Desalination of
the seawater

37
 Conclusion

At the end of our internship at the company AFRIFRUIT, we can

deduce that:
The different contacts we had within
the exploitation as well as the realization of different techniques, and
the passage through the different workstations allowed us to have
experience in technical aspects, production management
which illustrates and complements the theoretical courses we have acquired
at the Institute of Specialized Technicians in Agriculture of Ouled
Teima.
The cultivation of raspberry under cover requires a
large investment and a continuous search for new ones
techniques and production methods, particularly fertigation
and phytosanitary treatment, as well as good management of the
workforce that must be aware of its work and the
tasks she performs to maximize the profitability of the crops
possible, while ensuring a quality production that meets
to the requirements of the consumer who is becoming more and more
demanding. However, any negligence, however slight, leads to
serious problems that will be difficult to overcome, and this requires
a high level of skill and ongoing awareness of
civil servants.

38