†hfv‡e cÖkœ n‡e :

cvuP ev Z‡ZvwaK ev‡K¨i GKwU Text _vK

_vK‡e| Text wUi cvuPwU evK¨‡K eª¨v‡K‡U Instruction †`Iqv
Iqv _vK‡e|
_vK Instruction
Aek¨B ¯•ó _vK‡e| e| A_©vr cÖkœKZ©v hw` gg‡b K‡ib A_© wVK †i‡L evK¨wU cwieZ©b Ki‡Z n‡e, e, Z‡e
Z Aek¨B without
changing the meaning D‡jÐL jÐL _vK
_vK‡e| evK¨My‡jv‡K Numbering Kivi Rb¨ a-e e¨envi Kiv n‡‡e| Gevi j¶ Ki :
Read the text and change the sentences as directed. 15=5
Taimur was one of the greatest conquerors of the world. (a) Once Taimur attacked the province
of a powerful prince (Make it passive). (b) He entered the kingdom of the prince and captured a
large village (Make a question). (c) As soon as the prince heard tthe
he news, he came with a large
army (Make it a negative sentence without changing the meaning). (d) The village was
surrounded from all sides (Make it active). Taimur was defeated. (e) Taimur disguised himself as
a poor traveler to survive (Make it a comple
complex sentence). [NCTB Sample Question]
†hfv‡e DËi wjL‡Z n‡e :
wk¶v_x©iv Number e¨envi K‡ii iƒcvš@wiZ evK¨My‡jv ch©vqµwgKfv‡e wjL‡e| cÖwZwU ev‡K¨i Rb¨ 1 K‡‡i †gvU Marks _vK‡e
05|
Solution:
(a) Once the province of a powerful prince was attacked by Taimur.
(b) Didn't he enter the kingdom of the prince and capture a large village??
(c) No sooner had the prince heard the news than he came with a large army.
(d) The army surrounded the village on all sides.
(e) Taimur disguised himself as a poor travele
traveler so that he could survive.

The old man was very wise.

Wasn't the old man very wise?
How wise the old man was?
The old man was not unwise at all.
Dc‡i †`Lv hv‡”Q A‡_©i †Kv‡bv
bv cwieZ©b bv NwU
NwU‡q Sentence-†K GK form
†_‡K Aci form-G cwieZ©b Kiv n‡q‡Q| ††gvU K_v Sentence-Gi A_©MZ
w`K AcwiewZ©Z †i‡LL iƒcMZ cwieZ©b KivB nj Changing Sentence ev
Transformation of Sentence †hgb :
(a) The old man had three sons. (Negative)
= The old man had not more than/ not less than three sons.
(b) The sons were in bad terms. (Negative)
= The sons were not in good terms.
Sentence-Gi wbgœwjwLZ cwieZ©bMy‡jv Transformation
Transformation-Gi g‡a¨ c‡o|
* A_© Abyhvqx Assertive, Interrogative, Imperative, Optative and Exclamatory, Negative, Affirmative
Sentence-Gi cvi¯•wiK cwieZ©b|
* MVb Abyhvqx Simple, Complex, Compound
Compound-Gi cvi¯•wiK cwieZ©b|
* Degree of Comparison-Gi cvi¯•wiK cwieZ©b|
* Active I Passive-Gi cvi¯•wiK cwieZ©b|
* Narration

Segment1 Transformation : Sentence As Meaning

Affirmative  Negative

mvaviYZ auxiliary verb Gi mv‡_ not ††hvM K‡i †Kv‡bv evK¨‡K negative Ki‡Z nq| Z‡e auxiliary verb bv _vK‡j g–j
verb Gi c–‡e© do not/does not/did not ewm‡q Negative Ki‡Z nq| †hgb :
Affirmative : The test was difficult for Osman. (Make it negative without chan
changing
ging meaning)
Negative : The test was not difficult for Osman. (Incorrect)

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Avgv‡`i mv‡_ _vKvi Rb¨ we‡kl Aby‡iva iBj|
Correct : The test was not easy for Osman.
Affirmative: The Mayor broke his promise. (Make it negative without changing meaning)
Negative: The Mayor did not keep his promise.
Gfv‡e cwieZ©b Kivq evK¨ `ywUi A_© cwiewZ©Z n‡q wM‡q‡Q| ZvB Transformation of sentence Gi †¶‡Î GKUz wfbœfv‡e
cwieZ©b Ki‡Z nq| KviY Transformation Gi e¨vcviwU n‡jv, A_© wVK †i‡L ïay Structure cwieZ©b Kiv| G‡¶‡Î Avgiv
wZbwU wbqg AbymiY Kwi|
(i) wbw`©ó Phrase cwieZ©b
(ii) antonym + cÖkœvbyhvqx negative/affirmative
(iii) interrogative + cÖkœvbyhvqx negative/affirmative
(i) wbw`©ó Phrase cwieZ©b
Affirmative Negative
1 Only / alone None but (e¨w³) / nothing but ( e¯‘) / not more /
Ex : Only Shova deserves the award. less than (msL¨v / cwigvY) nowhere but (¯’vb)
Ex : None but Shova deserves the award.
2 Must / have to + verb Gi g–j form Cannot help + Ving / cannot but + V0
Ex : She must cry hearing the news. Ex : She cannot help crying hearing the news.
Or, She cannot but cry hearing the news.
3 had to + verb Gi g–j form Could not help + Ving/ could not but + V0
Ex : She had to laugh. Ex : She could not but laugh.
4 Both --------- and/ besides Not only ----------- but also
Ex : He eats both meat and fish. /He eats Ex : He eats not only meat but also fish.
meat besides fish.
5 For the last time Never again shall --------- verb
Ex : I have come here for the last time. Ex : Never again shall I come here.
6 Every + ……. + have verb There is/was no + ……. + without
Ex : Every girl has a soft heart. Ex : There is no girl without a soft heart.
7 Every + ----- + Ab¨ verb There is/was no ---- + but + Ab¨ verb
Ex : Every teacher wishes good for the Ex : There is no teacher but wishes good for the
students. students.
Too----------to So ---------- that
Structure : Sub + verb + too + adj + for + Structure : Sub + verb + so + adj + that + sub +
8 sub as obj + to + verb. cannot /could not + verb.
Ex: The problem was too hard for me to Ex : The problem was so hard that I could not
solve. solve it.
No sooner had/Scarcely had/ Hardly had --
As soon as -------, ------
than
9 Ex: As soon as I entered the room, the
Ex : No sooner had I entered the room than the
bell rang.
bell rang.
10 Comparative/ Superlative Positive degree

Explanation
Rule-1
Only/ alone _vK‡j e¨w³i †¶‡Î None but e¯‘i Rb¨ nothing but msL¨v ev cwigvY Gi Rb¨ not more than ev
less than e¨envi K‡i Negative sentence Ki‡Z nq; Ab¨ †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b n‡e bv| Avevi wecix‡Z, None but/
nothing but/ not more/ less than Gi cwie‡Z© only/ alone ewm‡q Affirmative Sentence Ki‡Z nq|
(i) Only God can help us. (Negative)
= None but God can help us.
(ii) It is compared to flame. It begets only the worst. (Negative) [DinajB '16]
= It begets nothing but the worst.
(iii) Ibrahim likes only money. (Negative)
= Ibrahim likes nothing but money.
(iv) Shimul is not more than sixteen. (Affirmative)
= Shimul is only sixteen.

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(v) Anannya went there not more than once. (Affirmative)
= Anannya went there only once.
Rule-2
Must ev have to + verb _vK‡j Cannot help + ing ev cannot but + base form e¨envi K‡i Negative
sentence Ki‡Z nq; Ab¨ †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b n‡e bv| Avevi wecix‡Z, Cannot help / cannot but Gi cwie‡Z© must ev
have to + verb Gi base form ewm‡q Affirmative Sentence Ki‡Z nq|
(i) You have to submit the report today. (Negative)
= You cannot but submit the report today.
(ii) I cannot but go there. (Affirmative)
=I must/have to go there.
(iii) Tabu cannot help playing tennis. (Affirmative)
= Tabu must play/ has to play tennis.
Rule-3
Had to + verb Gi base form _vK‡j Could not help + ing ev could not but + base form e¨envi K‡i
Negative sentence Ki‡Z nq; Ab¨ †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b n‡e bv| Avevi wecix‡Z, Could not help/ Could not but Gi
cwie‡Z© had to + verb Gi base form ewm‡q Affirmative Sentence Ki‡Z nq|
(i) He had to suffer for his sins. (Negative)
= He could not but suffer for his sins.
(ii) Setu could not but go there. (Affirmative)
=Setu had to go there.
(iii) He had to leave the country. (Negative)
= He could not help leaving the country.
Rule-4
Both ------- and A_ev besides Gi cwie‡Z© Not only ----------- but also ewm‡q Negative sentence Ki‡Z
nq; Ab¨ †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b n‡e bv| Avevi wecix‡Z, Not only ----------- but also Gi cwie‡Z© Both ------- and A_ev
besides ewm‡q Affirmative Sentence Ki‡Z nq| (besides-Gi ci verb-Gi ing nq, wKš‘ not only ---------
but also-Gi †¶‡Î verb-wU GKB tense nq|)
(i) Besides taking five wickets, he scored a hundred in the last match. (Negative)
= He not only took five wickets but also scored a hundred in the last match.
(ii) Not only he but also I came here. (Affirmative)
= Both he and I came here.
= Besides Rahim, Karim came here.
(iii) The lady not only ate mutton chop but also drank coffee. (Negative)
=The lady ate mutton chop besides drinking coffee.
Rule-5
For the last time Ges verb Gi present form _vK‡j Never again shall e¨envi K‡i Negative sentence
Ki‡Z nq; Ab¨ †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b n‡e bv| Avevi wecix‡Z, Never again shall Gi cwie‡Z© ev‡K¨i †k‡l for the last time
Ges verb Gi present form ewm‡q Affirmative sentence Ki‡Z nq|
(i) I go there for the last time. (Negative)
=Never shall I go there again.
(ii) He is playing for the last time. (Negative)
= Never shall he play again.
Rule-6
Every/all ---- have/has/had _vK‡j There is/was no ----------- without e¨envi K‡i Negative sentence
Ki‡Z nq; Ab¨ †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b n‡e bv| Avevi wecix‡Z, There is/was no ----------- without hy³ Negative
sentence †K There is/was no-Gi cwie‡Z© Every/all Ges without Gi cwie‡Z© have/has/had ewm‡q
Affirmative sentence Ki‡Z nq|
(i) Every girl has a mother inside. (Negative)
= There is no girl without a mother inside.
(ii) There is no rose without thorns. (Affirmative)
= Every rose has thorns.
(iii) Every bird has feathers. (Negative)
= There is no bird without feathers.
(iv) Every flower has petals. (Negative)
= There is no flower without petals.

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Rule-7
Every/ all _vK‡j There is/ was no + Every Gi c‡ii kã + but + Verb e¨envi K‡i Negative sentence
Ki‡Z nq; Ab¨ †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b n‡e bv| wecix‡Z, There is/ was no ------ but/ who/ which hy³ Negative
sentence †K Affirmative sentence Ki‡Z There is/ was no Gi cwie‡Z© Every/ all em‡e Ges but/who/
which ev` hv‡e; Ab¨ †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b n‡e bv|
(i) Everybody wants friends. (Negative) [CtgB '16]
= There is no body but wants friends.
(ii) There is no mother but loves her child. (Affirmative)
= Every mother loves her child.
(iii) Everybody fears death. (Negative)
= There is nobody but fears death.
(iv) There is no one but hates a liar. (Affirmative)
= Everyone hates a liar.
Rule-8
Too --------- to hy³ Affirmative sentence-†K Negative Kivi wbqg : cÖ`Ë sentence Gi subject + verb e‡m
+ too Gi cwie‡Z© H RvqMvq so e‡m + to Gi cwie‡Z© that e‡m + cÖ_g subject Avevi e‡m + tense Abyhvqx cannot
/ could not e‡m + evwK Ask| wecix‡Z, So ........ that hy³ Negative sentence †K Affirmative sentence G
cwiYZ Kivi wbqg : So Gi cwie‡Z© too em‡e that Gi cwie‡Z© to em‡e + subj, auxiliary I not ev` w`‡q evwK Ask em‡e|
(i) He is too weak to go. (Negative)
= He is so weak that he cannot go.
(ii) Della was too poor to buy a chain. (Negative)
= Della was so poor that she could not buy a chain.
(iii) He is so weak that he cannot move. (Affirmative)
= He is too weak to move.
(iv) Jerry was so honest that he could not show excuse. (Affirmative)
= Jerry was too honest to show excuse.
(AwaK Abykxj‡bi Rb¨ GB †jm&‡bi Complex-Simple Gi Practice Ask †`L|)
Rule-9
As soon as hy³ Affirmative sentence †K Negative sentence G cwiYZ Kivi wbqg :As soon as Gi cwie‡Z©
No sooner had em‡e + Kgvi c–e© ch©š@ AcwiewZ©Z _vK‡e (Z‡e verb-wU 3rd form n‡e) + Kgvi cwie‡Z© than
em‡e + evwK Ask e‡m hv‡e| wecix‡Z, No sooner had -------- than hy³ Negative sentence †K Affirmative
sentence G cwiYZ Kivi wbqg :No sooner had Gi cwie‡Z© as soon as em‡e + than Gi c–e© ch©š@ AcwiewZ©Z
_vK‡e (Z‡e verb-wU 2nd form n‡e) + than Gi cwie‡Z© Kgv em‡e + evwK Ask e‡m hv‡e|
(i) As soon as the bell rang, the students went out. (Negative)
= No sooner had the bell rung than the students went out.
(ii) As soon as the rain stopped, the game started. (Negative)
= No sooner had the rain stopped than the game started.
(iii) No sooner had I gone to the station than the train left. (Affirmative)
= As soon as I went to the station, the train left.
(iv) No sooner had the teacher entered the class than the students stood up. (Affirmative)
= As soon as the teacher entered the class, the students stood up.
Rule-10
Positive Degree mvaviYZ Negative _v‡K| ZvB G‡K wb‡Pi wbq‡g Comparative K‡i Affirmative Ki‡Z n‡e|
wbqg: †k‡li NP + Verb + Adjective (Comparative) + than + any other + cÖ_g NP
(i) No other girl in the class is as beautiful as Tania. (Affirmative)
= Tania is more beautiful than any other girl in the class.
(ii) No other animals are as ferocious as tigers. (Affirmative)
= Tigers are more ferocious than any other animal/ all other animals.
Rule-11
(i) wbw`©ó `y‡qi g‡a¨ Zzjbvi Rb¨ NP cwieZ©b bv K‡i less hy³ Affirmative sentence †K Negative Kivi wbqg :
less Gi RvqMvq not as e‡m Ges than Gi RvqMvq as e‡m|
Affirmative : Gold is less precious than Diamond.
Negative : Gold is not as precious as Diamond.
(ii) wbw`©ó `y‡qi g‡a¨ Zzjbvi Rb¨ NP cwieZ©b bv K‡i As ------ as hy³ Negative sentence †K Affirmative Kivi wbqg :
cÖ_g not as RvqMvq less e‡m| †kl as Gi RvqMvq than e‡m|
Negative : Shima is not as beautiful as Rima.

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 Affirmative : Shima is less beautiful than Rima.
Rule-12
(i) wbw`©ó `y‡qi g‡a¨ Zzjbvi Rb¨ NP cwieZ©b K‡i than hy³ Affirmative sentence †K Negative Kivi wbqg :
cÖ_‡g 2nd NP em‡e + verb negative n‡e + as ewm‡q adjective-Gi positive Ki‡Z n‡e + 2q as em‡e + 1st NP.
Affirmative : Rani runs faster than Shilpa.
Negative : Shilpa does not run as fast as Rani.
(ii) wbw`©ó `y‡qi g‡a¨ Zzjbvi Rb¨ NP cwieZ©b K‡i As -------- as hy³ Negative sentence †K Affirmative Kivi wbqg :
cÖ_‡g 2nd NP em‡e + verb affirmative n‡e + cÖ_g as ev` w`‡q adjective-Gi comparative + 2q as Gi cwie‡Z©
than em‡e + 1st NP.
Negative : Gold is not as valuable as iron.
Affirmative : Iron is more valuable than gold.
AviI Abykxj‡bi Rb¨ Transformation: Degree †jm&bwU †`L|
(ii) Antonym + negative/ affirmative
†hme sentence Gi †Kv‡bv k‡ãi antonym e¨envi Kiv hvq †m‡¶‡Î cÖkœvbyhvqx negative ev affirmative K‡i
antonym e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e| †hgb :
(i) A frugal man lives a solvent life. (Negative) [DB '17]
= A frugal man doesn't live an insolvent life.
(ii) They will never be forgotten by their countrymen to the end. (Affirmative) [JB '17, CB '16]
=They will always be remembered by their countrymen to the end.
(iii) One day she thought Solomon's wisdom should not remain untested. ( Affirmative) [CtgB '17]
= One day she thought Solomon's wisdom should be tested.
wKQy wecixZv_©K k‡ãi bgybv
Word Antonym
a few (wKQy/AwZ Aí) many (A‡bK)
a little (mvgvb¨/AwZ mvgvb¨) much (A‡bK)
absent (Abycw¯’Z) present (Dcw¯’Z)
active (mwµq) inactive (wbw®Œq)
agreed (m¤§Z) disagreed (Am¤§Z)
all (affirmative) (meB) no (†KD bv)
all (negative) (meB bv) some (wKQy)
always (affir) (me mgq) never (KL‡bv bv)
always (negative) (me mgq bv) sometimes (gv‡S gv‡S)
comfortable (¯^w¯@Ki) uncomfortable (A¯^w¯@Ki)
doubtful (m‡›`ngq) undoubtful / doubtless (m‡›`ngy³)
formal (AvbyôvwbK) informal (AbvbyôvwbK)
friend (eÜz) foe (kΓ)
good (fvj) bad (g›`)
grateful (K…ZÁ) ungrateful (AK…ZÁ)
happy (myLx) unhappy (AmyLx)
hard (KwVb) easy (mnR)
healthy (¯^v¯’¨Ki) unhealthy (A¯^v¯’¨Ki)
honest (mr) dishonest (Amr)
honesty (mZZv) dishonesty (AmZZv)
honour (m¤§vb) dishonour (Am¤§vb)
literate (wkw¶Z) illiterate (Awkw¶Z)
love (fv‡jvevmv) hate (N„Yv Kiv)
moral (ˆbwZK) immoral (A‰bwZK)
obey (gvb¨ Kiv) disobey (Agvb¨ Kiv)
ordinary (mvaviY) extraordinary (AmvaviY)
patriot (†`k‡cÖwgK) traitor (†`k‡`ªvnx)
pious (avwg©K) impious (Aavwg©K)

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 pleasant (cÖxwZKi) unpleasant (AcÖxwZKi)
pleased (mš‘ó) displeased (Amš‘ó)
possible (m¤¢e) impossible (Am¤¢e)
punctual (mgqwbô) late (†`wi)
real (cÖK…Z) unreal (AcÖK…Z)
regular (wbqwgZ) irregular (AwbqwgZ)
remember (¯§iY Kiv) forget (fz‡j hvIqv)
responsible (`vwqZ¡kxj) irresponsible (`vwqZ¡nxb)
rich (abx) poor (Mwie)
right (mwVK) wrong (fzj)
sincere (Avš@wiK) insincere (Avš@wiKZvnxb)
solvent (¯^”Qj) insolvent (A¯^”Qj)
very (Lye) less (Kg)
willing (B”QyK) unwilling (Awb”QyK)
wise (Ávbx) unwise (g–L©)
lazy (Ajm) industrious (cwikÖgx)
honour (m¤§vb) dishonour (Am¤§vb)
mortal (giYkxj) immortal (AgiYkxj)
obedient (eva¨MZ) disobedient (Aeva¨MZ)
(iii) interrogative + cÖkœvbyhvqx negative/affirmative
Universal truth sentence/ev †hme sentence †Kv‡bvfv‡eB cwieZ©b m¤¢e n‡”Q bv †m‡¶‡Î Affirmative interrogative
†`qv _vK‡j Zv cwieZ©b K‡i Negative assertive Ges Affirmative assertive †`qv _vK‡j Zv cwieZ©b K‡i Negative
interrogative Ki‡Z n‡e|
Assertive : The earth moves round the sun.
Interrogative : Doesn't the earth move round the sun?
Practice
6.1. Change the sentences according to the direction.
(i) Transform the following sentences into Negative :
(a) Tea is a popular drink. (b) His wife Catherine loves gardening. (c) Most of the drivers of our
country are illiterate. (d) At first he only treated animals. (e) We must be grateful and kind to the
cow. (f) Nazneen belongs to a small family. (g) They are honest and pious. (h) They are our
friends. (i) He passed his early life in sorrows. (j) Everybody must be conscious of health.
(ii) Transform the following sentences into Negative:
(a) By working hard, they can improve their condition. (b) They are always sincere to their
duties. (c) The literacy rate in Bangladesh is very poor. (d) Haji Mohammad Muhsin was a very
kind man. (e) He must go from one house to another in fair weather or foul. (f) They are honest
and pious. (g) He is a regular student. (h) She was a very hardworking and responsible loanee. (i)
Everybody wants friends. (j) Books are your real friends in your life.
(iii) Transform the following sentences into Affirmative :
(a) None but Allah can help us. (b) None but the fool will say so. (c) Never tell a lie. (d) Jim was
never late. (e) You cannot help going there. (f) Jerry was not a dishonest boy. (g) I did not find
many people there. (h) No sooner had I reached the college than the bell rang. (i) There is no
mother but loves her child. (j) No one will deny his courage.
(iv) Transform the following sentences into Affirmative :
(a) Who does not like flowers? (b) So everybody cannot but be conscious of his health. (c) Their
contribution will never be forgotten. (d) He is never late to attend his classes. (e) Who doesn’t
know this? (f) I will never forget this day. (g) He could not but feel pity for the lion. (h) Nobody
denies the importance of television. (i) Smoking is not only a dangerous habit but also a bad
one. (j) She never thought that she should see me again.
Assertive  Interrogative

Assertive †_‡K Interrogative : mvaviYZ Assertive Sentence †K Interrogative Kivi Rb¨ cÖ`Ë ev‡K¨i (cÖ_g)

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auxiliary verb wU subject Gi c–‡e© Avb‡Z n‡e| Avi hw` auxiliary verb bv _v‡K Z‡e do/does/did AwZwi³ G‡b
subject Gi c–‡e© emv‡Z n‡e Ges g–j verb wUi base form n‡e|
Example :
(i) He is swimming in the pond. (Interrogative)
=Is he swimming in the pond?
(ii) He goes to school every day. (Interrogative)
=Does he go to school everyday?
Avevi Interrogative †_‡K Assertive Ki‡Z n‡j subject Gi c–‡e©i auxiliary verb wU c‡i ivL‡Z nq| Z‡e
do/does/did _vK‡j Zv ev` hvq Ges †m Abyhvqx verb Gi cwieZ©b nq|
(i) Is he reading a book? (Assertive)
=He is reading a book.
(ii) Does he play football? (Assertive)
=He plays football.
wKš‘ Gfv‡e cwieZ©b Ki‡j sentence Gi A_© wVK _v‡K bv| †h‡nZz Transformation of sentence Gi †¶‡Î A_©
cwieZ©b bv K‡iB sentence Gi Structure cwieZ©b Ki‡Z nq ZvB Avgiv `ywU wbqg AbymiY Kwi|
(A) wbw`©ó kã cwieZ©b
(B) cÖkœvbyhvqx Assertive/ Interrogative + Negative/ Affirmative
(A) wbw`©ó kã cwieZ©b:
Interrogative †_‡K Assertive
1. Who + Affirmative verb hy³ interrogative sentence †K assertive Kivi Rb¨ None/No one/Nobody wjL‡Z n‡e|
Who believes a liar? (Assertive)
=Nobody believes a liar.
2. Who + Negative verb hy³ interrogative sentence †K assertive Kivi Rb¨ Everyone/ Everybody emv‡Z
n‡e Ges evK¨wU affirmative n‡e|
Who does not like flowers? (Assertive)
=Everyone/Everybody likes flowers.
Assertive †_‡K Interrogative :
wVK GKBfv‡e Assertive †_‡K Interrogative Ki‡Z ej‡j None/Nobody Gi cwie‡Z© Who + affirmative verb
em‡e Ges Everyone/ Everybody Gi cwie‡Z© Who + negative verb em‡e|
(i) Nobody denies their contribution to their motherland. (Interrogative) [JB '17, CB '16]
= Who denies their contribution to their motherland?
(ii) Everybody loves him. (Interrogative)
=Who does not love him?
(iii) Who does not want to be happy? (Assertive)
=Everybody wants to be happy.
(B) cÖkœvbyhvqx Assertive/ Interrogative + Negative/ affirmative
wbw`©ó kãMy‡jv (Who/ Nobody/ Everybody) bv _vK‡j †m‡¶‡Î cÖkœvbyhvqx Assertive ev Interrogative Ki‡Z n‡e
Ges GKB mv‡_ Sentence wU negative _vK‡j Affirmative ev Affirmative _vK‡j negative Ki‡Z n‡e|
(i) Most of the people of our country are living in the rural areas. (Interrogative) [SB '17]
=Aren't most of the people of our country living in the rural areas?
(ii) Anger is nothing but a vice. (Interrogative) [DinajB '16]
= Is anger anything but a vice?
(iii) You cannot be happy without it. (Interrogative) [CtgB '16]
= Can you be happy without it?
(iv) The earth moves round the sun. (Interrogative)
=Doesn't the earth move round the sun?
(v) Doesn't she sing sweet? (Assertive)
=She sings sweet.
Practice
6.2. Change the sentences according to the direction.
(i) Transform the following sentences into Interrogative :
(a) Tea grows in plenty in Bangladesh. (b) Suddenly she woke up hearing a fearful cry. (c) There is
no doubt that newspaper is a very essential thing. (d) They don't realize the high cost of living in
Toronto. (e) I can never forget you. (f) Many of them left the Eidgah to meet their relatives. (g) They

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 do nothing for the country. (h) Tree plantation programmes should be expanded to the remote
corner of the country. (i) But books are always with us. (j) Patriotism is a very noble virtue.
(ii) Transform the following sentences into Interrogative :
(a) The books of great writers contain noble thoughts and great ideas. (b) He can succeed in life. (c)
It is the duty of the educated people to educate the illiterate. (d) He inherited vast property from
his father and sister. (e) It is the duty of the educated people to make them literate. (f) We are
proud of our freedom fighters. (g) She passed her time in reading and writing. (h) My friend invited
me to pay a visit to Cox’s Bazar. (i) Everybody respects a truthful person. (j) Everybody knows this.
(iii) Transform the following sentences into Assertive :
(a) Does she mind taking tea? (b) Has she had her meal? (c) Had he taken his breakfast before
he came? (d) Have I just had a snack? (e) Will they be playing? (f) Did she read the book? (g)
Don't I have something to say? (h) Didn't they let the secret out? (i) Didn't the police interrogate
the thief? (j) Shouldn't we follow the rules of health?
(iv) Transform the following sentences into Assertive :
(a) Oughtn't we to speak the truth? (b) Mustn't we bear the courage to say the right thing? (c)
May I not help you? (d) Is Jerry an honest boy? (e) Didn't they go to school yesterday? (f) Won't
she read the book? (g) Does he not help me? (h) Will they not be working? (i) Aren't we going to
open a bank account? (j) Mustn't they finish work? (k) Oughtn't the boys obey their teachers? (l)
Didn't the smell tickle my nostrils? (m) Doesn't the flavour become monotonous? (n) Isn't
addiction to drinking dangerous? (o) Didn't Jerry like the late spring? (p) Had he not been
reading for two hours? (q) Have they not been catching fish for a long time? (r) Does he not help
you? (s) Didn't they go to school yesterday? (t) Won't she read the book?
Assertive  Exclamatory

Assertive ‡_‡K Exclamatory Ki‡Z n‡j Exclamatory ev‡K¨i kyi‡“ Z How ev What emv‡Z n‡e| G‡¶‡Î Assertive
ev‡K¨ a/an _vK‡j What Ab¨_vq How e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e| Gi c‡i Verb Gi c‡ii Ask + verb Gi c–‡e©i Ask + (!)
very/great _vK‡j Zv ev` hv‡e|
(i) It was a great struggle for them. (Exclamatory) [RB '17]
= What a struggle it was for them!
(ii) Cricket is a very exciting game. (Exclamatory) [RB '16]
=What an exciting game cricket is!
(iii) Nasir earnestly desires to see her once. (Exclamatory) [JB '16]
= How earnestly Nasir desires to see her once.
(iv) She is a very nice girl. (Exclamatory)
=What a nice girl she is!
j¶Yxq : adjective/adverb Gi c–‡e© How e‡m wKš‘ noun/noun phrase Gi c–‡e© what e‡m| Aek¨ What Gi
cwie‡Z© How-I emv‡bv hvq †m‡¶‡Î article wU noun Gi mv‡_ emv‡Z n‡e|
a. Ruplal runs very fast. (Exclamatory)
 How fast Ruplal runs!

adjective
b. Dido is a very interesting man. (Exclamatory)
 What an interesting man Dido is!

Noun Phrase
How interesting a man Dido is!
Practice
6.3. Transform the following sentences into Exclamatory:
(i) (a) Air pollution is very harmful for us. (b) Cricket is very exciting. (c) Really it is a very exciting
game. (d) The next few days were terrible. (e) It looks very nice at sunset. (f) I wish I were a poet
like Nazrul.
(ii) (a) I wish I could visit this place. (b) The scenery of the school is very charming. (c) Social
awareness is very essential to resist corruption. (d) Cricket is a very exciting game. (e) I was very
glad to see the sea-beach. (f) Amina’s life was very difficult. (g) I wish I could visit the beach
soon. (h) The flood of 1988 was very dangerous. (i) Babu's life is very difficult. (j) I wish I were a
brilliant student.
Exclamatory †_‡K Assertive

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Rule1 :
Exclamatory Sentence-†K Assertive Ki‡Z n‡j MVb n‡e :
Subject + Verb (a/an) great, very + Adjective + evwK Ask| †hgb :
Exclamatory : What a fine bird it is!
Assertive : It is a very fine bird.
Exclamatory : What a pity! [CB '17]
Assertive : It is/ was a great pity.
Exclamatory : How beautiful the sight is!
Assertive : The sight is very beautiful.
Rule2 :
Hurrah hy³ Exclamatory Sentence-†K Assertive Ki‡Z n‡j Hurrah-Gi cwie‡Z© it is a matter of joy
that e‡m| †hgb :
Exclamatory : Hurrah! we have won the game.
Assertive : It is a matter of joy that we have won the game.
Practice
6.4. Transform the following sentences into Assertive:
(i) (a) How enthusiastic the people look on this day! (b) What an idea of cricket Twenty 20 is! (c)
How charming! (d) But how difficult it is to find an honest man! (e) How time does fly! (f) But
does everyone have a good house? (g) Haven't you heard the name of Kazi Nazrul Islam?
(ii) (a) What a wonderful boy you are! (b) What a clever girl you are! (c) What a cheat you are! (d)
Hurrah! We have won the debate. (e) How beautiful the sight of the river was! (f) How cold the
night was! (g) What a good man he is! (h) What a strange man he is! (i) Good morning! Mr.
Kamal. (j) Alas! His father is no more.
Assertive †_‡K Imperative

Rule1 :
Assertive Sentence- Gi Subject wU You n‡j Imperative Ki‡Z n‡j cÖ`Ë Sentence-
Sentence wUi You †_‡K g–j
Verb-Gi c–e© ch©š@ ev` hv‡e + Verb
Verb-Gi Base form + cÖ`Ë verb-Gi c‡ii Ask| †hgb :
Assertive : You should do the work.
Imperative : Do the work.

» bv-†evaK n‡j Imperative Kivi mgq cÖ_‡g do not wj‡L wb‡Z n‡e| †hgb :
Assertive : You should not go out.
Imperative : Do not go out.
» Assertive Sentence wU‡Z Never _vK‡j cÖ_‡g never wj‡L wb‡Z n‡e| †hgb
Assertive : You should never tell a lie.
Imperative : Never tell a lie.
» Assertive Sentence wU‡Z requested _vK‡j cÖ_‡g please wj‡L wb‡Z n‡e| †hgb
Assertive : You are requested to come.
Imperative : Please, come.
Rule2 :
Subject hw` first person A_ev third person nq Zvn‡j Let-Gi mv‡_ cÖ`Ë Sentence wUi Subject Gi
Objective form Ges g–j Verb-wU emem‡e| †hgb:
Assertive : He wants to play cricket.
Imperative : Let him play cricket.
Practice
6.5. Transform the following sentences into Imperative.
(a) We shall never tell a lie. (b) You ought to obey your parents. (c) He plays football. (d) We
should go out. (e) She wants to go out. (f) We do not look down upon the poor. (g) He wants to do
it. (h) You do not go out. (i) You should not kill your time. (j) You read the book. (k) Will you help
my brother, please? (l) You warn him him.. (m) Would you post the letter for me, please? (n) You
should not go out in cold weather. (o) You should think before you leap.
Imperative †_‡K Assertive

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Rule : Imperative Sentence-G Subject 'you' Dn¨ _v‡K| Kv‡RB Assertive Kivi mgq Subject 'You' †K e¨envi
Ki‡Z n‡e| †hgb :
Imperative : Read the book.
Assertive : You should read the book.
Imperative : Go away.
Assertive : You should go away.
Imperative : Stop copying.
Assertive : You should stop copying.
Imperative : Never tell a lie.
Assertive : You should never tell a lie.
Assertive †_‡K Optative

Rule : Assertive †_‡K Optative Kivi †¶‡Î cÖ`Ë Sentence-wUi cÖ_‡g may, Zvici Subject Ges AZtci g–j
Verb e‡m| †Kv‡bv Auxiliary Verb _vK‡j Zv D‡V hvq| †hgb :
Assertive : You will prosper in life.
Optative : May you prosper in life.
Assertive : Our president will live long.
Optative : May our president live long.
Practice
6.6. Transform the following sentences into Optative.
(a) God may bless you. (b) You may prosper in life. (c) God may grant you a long life. (d) You may
have a prosperous journey. (e) Bangladesh may live long. (f) The President may live long. (g)
Curse may befall on the terrorists. (h) Somebody wishes Ms Nishat good morning. (i) Somebody
bids good bye to all of you. (j) You may shine in life. (k) You may be happy. (l) Our country may
live long. (m) Our president may live long. (n) Somebody wishes his friends good bye.

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