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Fundamentals of Industrial Electricity

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 TIJUANA TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE

For a youth integrated into the development of Mexico

Student:

Student:

Yadira Guadalupe Damián Sánchez

Teacher:

Ing. Jesús Octavio Baca Guillen

Race:

Industrial Engineering (S)

Subject:

Electricity and Industrial Electronics

Group:

2Y

Delivery date:

Sunday, February 28, 2021

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Index Page.

What is electricity? ... 4

What is electronics ... 5
Voltage…………………………………………………. 6-8
Current………………………………………………. 9-10
Resistance 11-12
Power………………………………………………. 13 -14

Ohm's Law 15
Bibliographies ... 16

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What is electronics?

Electronics is a branch of applied physics that includes physics,

engineering, technology and the applications that deal with emission, flow and
control of electrons or other electrically charged particles in vacuum and the
matter. The identification of the electron in 1897, along with the invention of the tube of
empty, that could amplify and rectify small electrical signals, inaugurated the
field of electronics and the age of the electron.

Electronics deals with electric circuits involving electrical components.

actives such as vacuum tubes, transistors, diodes, integrated circuits,
optoelectronics and sensors, associated with passive electrical components and
interconnection technologies. Generally, electronic devices contain
circuits that consist primarily, or exclusively, of semiconductors
complemented assets with passive elements; such a circuit is described as a
electronic circuit.

Electronic circuit on a board for

prototypes orbreadboard.

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What is electricity?
Electricity is the set
of physical phenomena
related to the presence
and flow of electric charges. It
manifest in a great
a variety of phenomena such as
the lightning, the electricity
static, the induction
electromagnetic or the flow of
electric current.

Theraysare an example of a natural electrical phenomenon.

It is such a versatile form of energy that it has countless applications, for

example: transportation, air conditioning, lighting, and computing.

Electricity manifests itself through various phenomena and physical properties:

Electric charge: a property of some subatomic particles, which determines

its electromagnetic interaction. Electrically charged matter produces and is
influenced by electromagnetic fields.

Electric current: the flow of electrons that circulates through a conductor in a

determined moment. It is measured in amperes.

Electric field: a type of electromagnetic field produced by a charge

electric, even when it is not moving. The electric field produces a
force in any other charge, less the greater the distance that separates the two
Charges. In addition, moving charges produce magnetic fields.

Electric potential: it is the work that an external force must perform to attract
a unit positive charge that, from the reference point to the point
considered, goes against the electric force and at constant speed.
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 BASIC CONCEPTS

Voltage
Voltage is the magnitude that reflects the difference in electric potential.
between two determined points. Also called potential difference
electric tension, it is the work per unit ofelectric charge what
exercises on a particle aelectric field, to manage to move it between two
determined points.

When two points with a difference in electric potential are connected with a
material conductor, a flow of will be producedelectronswhat is known
howelectric currentthat will carry part of the load from the highest point to the
of lower potential.

This difference in electric potential is the voltage, and thatcurrentwill cease in

as long as both points have the same potential, unless a certain
potential difference through a generator or an external source of some type.

In that way, when speaking of the voltage at a single point, it is referred to

en comparisonwith any other body it comes into contact with and whose
potential is assumed to be zero.

To understand voltage, a hydraulic metaphor is often used (withwater).

Let's imagine a circular route of pipes through which water flows (equivalent
in this case to the flow of electrons). The wide pipes will be materials
conductors, the narrow ones will be insulators or resistors. This route will be
mobilized by a hydraulic pump (which for the example, is equivalent to the source of
voltage) pushing the water based on a pressure difference compared to another
pipe point. This pressure difference is equivalent to electrical tension.

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In conclusion, a circuit equipped with high voltage will have a greater capacity.
of work (the water moves with greater force, in the previous example) and by
it will be more powerful or even more dangerous.

Typesofvoltage

The frequency of alternating voltage will depend on the country or the specific region.

The following types of voltage exist:

Induced voltage. This is called the electromotive force or induced voltage.

necessary to generateelectric energywithin a circuit, that is, for
generate a potential difference. In an open circuit, this force can
maintain the electric tension between two points, in a closed circuit,
It will generate a current flow.
Alternating voltage. It is represented by the letters VA, with positive values and
negatives in a Cartesian axis, given that it is considered a sinusoidal wave.
It is the most common voltage in power outlets because it is the easiest to...
generate and transport. As its name indicates, it is a voltage with values
alternates, not constant in thetimeand its frequency will depend on the country or
la región específica.
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 Direct current voltage. It is common in motors andbatteriesand is obtained
from the transformation of alternating current into more or less direct current

continues, with small crests, through fuses and transformers.

Direct current voltage. Also called voltage ofdirect current(VCC), se
treat of la current purer than hay present en
chipsmicroprocessorsand other devices that require voltages
continuous and constant. It is usually obtained after treatment with
electrolytic capacitors.

Howisvoltagemeasured?

Electric tension is measured in volts.

To measure voltage, a voltmeter is used, which is installed in parallel.

to the source ofenergyto measure and quantify the electric potential. Others
The devices used are the tester (or multimeter) and the potentiometer.

In any case, the voltage is calculated considering the total energy.

necessary to move a small electric charge from the beginning to the end of the
circuit, divided by the magnitude of said charge.

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Current

Current is the speed at which a flow of electrons passes through a point of a

complete electric circuit. In the most basic way, current = flow.

The ampere (A) is the international unit for measuring current.

Express the amount of electrons (sometimes called 'electric charge') that pass through
point in a circuit for a certain period of time.

A current of 1 ampere means that 1 coulomb of electrons, which is equivalent to

6.24 trillion (6.24 x 10)18electrons pass through a point in a circuit in 1
second. The calculation is similar to measuring water flow: how many gallons
pass through the same point of a pipe in 1 minute (gallons per minute or GPM).

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Symbols used for amperes:

A= amperes for a great quantity of current (1000).

mA= milliamperes the thousandth part of a amperage (0.001).
µA = microamperes, one millionth of an ampere (0.000001).

In formulas like Ohm's law, current is also represented by I (from

intensity).

Amperes are named after the French mathematician/physicist André-Marie Ampère.

(1775-1836), recognized for proving that:

A magnetic field is generated around a conductor as the

current flows through it.
The intensity of that field is directly proportional to the amount of
current that flows.

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Resistance

Resistance is a measure of the opposition to the flow of current in a circuit.

electric.

Resistance is measured in ohms, symbolized by the Greek letter omega (Ω).

They were named ohms in honor of Georg Simon Ohm (1784-1854), a physicist.
German who studied the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance. He is credited with

the formulation of Ohm's law.

All materials resist the flow of current to some extent. They are included in
one of two broad categories:

Conductors: materials that offer very little resistance, where the

electrons can move easily. Examples: silver, copper, gold and
aluminum.
Insulators: materials that exhibit high resistance and restrict flow
electrons. Examples: rubber, paper, glass, wood, and plastic.

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The gold wire serves as an excellent conductor.

Normally, resistance measurements are taken to indicate the

characteristics of a component or a circuit.

The greater the resistance, the lower the current flow will be. If it is
abnormally high, a possible cause (among many) could be the
conductors damaged by fire or corrosion. All conductors
they emit a certain degree of heat, so overheating is a problem
that is often associated with resistance.
The lower the resistance, the greater the current flow. Causes
possible: insulation damaged by moisture or overheating.

Many components, such as heating elements and resistors,

they have a fixed resistance value. These values are often printed on the boards
of identification of the components or in the reference manuals.

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Power
Electric power is the ratio
per unit of time, or rhythm, with the
how electrical energy is transferred
through an electrical circuit, that is, the
quantity of energy electric
delivered or absorbed by a
element at a moment
determined. The unit in the System
The international unit is the watt.
or watt (W).

When an electric current flows

in any circuit, it can transfer
energy when performing mechanical work
thermodynamic. The devices
they convert electrical energy in many useful ways, such as heat, light (lamp
incandescent), movement (electric motor), sound (speaker) or chemical processes.
Electricity can be produced mechanically or chemically through the generation of
electric energy, or also by the transformation of light in the cells
photoelectric. Finally, it can be chemically stored in batteries.

Electric tension can be defined as the work per unit charge exerted
by the electric field on a charged particle to move it between two
determined positions. The tension is independent of the path taken by the
charge depends exclusively on the electric potential between two points in the field
electric.

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Ohm's law
It is the relationship between electrical conductors and their resistance.
which establishes that the current flowing through the conductors is proportional to the
voltage applied to them.

The German physicist Georg Simon Ohm (1787-1854) was the first to demonstrate
experimentally this relationship.

Statement of Ohm's Law

Ohm discovered at the beginning of the 19th century that the current through a metal was
directly proportional to the voltage or electrical potential difference across the metal.
Ohm's discovery led to the idea of resistance in circuits.

Ohm's law expressed in equation form is V=RI, where V is the potential.

Electric in volts, I is the current in amperes and R is the resistance in ohms.

Ohm's triangle, where the relationships between voltage, current, and resistance are observed.

To understand Ohm's law, we need to clarify the concepts of charge, current

and voltage.
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Bibliography
Anonymous. (2019). mcielectronics. Obtained from voltage:
[Link]

Anonymous. (2020). getcat. Obtained from What is electricity:

[Link]

Anonymous. (February 24, 2021). Wikipedia. Retrieved from Electronics:

[Link]

G., R. (2011). Everything about the subjectObtained from Ohm's law: [Link]

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