Complete Guide to India's Protected Areas
Complete Guide to India's Protected Areas
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Different IUCN categories of Protected areas • The first biosphere reserve in the world was the Kogelberg Biosphere Reserve. It was
Biodiversity Hotspots in India
Protected Areas in India The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), through its World designated due to its ecological importance.
Commission on Protected Areas, has put forward Six Protected Area Management • The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) designated To qualify as a biodiversity hotspot, an area must meet two
Protected Areas are regions or zones of land or sea which are given certain levels of Categories. The categories are as follows: the Mura-Drava-Danube (MDD) as the world's first five-country biosphere reserve strict criteria:
protection for conservation of biodiversity and socio-environmental values. • The first biosphere reserve in South Asia was the Hurulu Biosphere Reserve, in Sri Lanka. • Contain at least 1,500 species of vascular plants found
In India, there are four major categories of Protected areas. These protected areas are Category Ia – strict nature reserve. • Bangladesh, Bhutan, and Nepal do not have biospheres as yet.
nowhere else on Earth (known as "endemic" species).
Category Ib – wilderness area. • Biosphere reserves in India are announced by state and central government.
constituted under the provisions of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.
• • Have lost at least 70 percent of its primary native
The four categories of protected areas are: Category II – national park. First biosphere reserve in India - The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve
• • Largest biosphere reserve in India - Great Rann of Kutch vegetation.
Wildlife Sanctuaries Category III – natural monument or feature. •
• National Parks Smallest biosphere reserve in India - Dibru-Saikhowa (Assam)
• Community Reserves
Category IV – habitat or species management area. Hotspot Endemic
Name of Hotspot Endemism (%)
• Conservation Reserves Category V – protected landscape or seascape. Original Extent Plant
(km²) Species No.
Apart from these protected areas, India also has the following:
• Biodiversity Reserves Biosphere reserves HIMALAYA Hotspot 741,706 3,160 31.6
• Tiger Reserves
• Elephant Reserves
What are Biosphere Reserves?
• Marine Protected Areas INDO-BURMA Hotspot 2,373,057 7,000 51.9
Biosphere reserves are the protected areas meant for the conservation of plants and
animals. It also restores the traditional life of the tribals living in that vicinity. They conserve
Forests and wildlife are included in the Concurrent List of the Indian Constitution.
the biodiversity of that area.
National Board for Wildlife (NBWL) puts forward a policy framework for wildlife conservation ▪ UNESCO designation for natural and cultural landscapes SUNDALAND Hotspot 1,501,063 15,000 60.0
▪ Reconcile conservation of biodiversity, economic and social development, and cultural values
in India. (Wildlife Protection Act, 1972.) ( Chaired by PM). ▪ Special environments for people and nature
▪ Living examples of how human beings and nature can co-exist WESTERN GHATS AND SRI 189,611 3,049 51.5
In terms of protection, LANKA Hotspot
National Parks > Wildlife Sanctuary > Reserved forests > Protected forests Man and the Biosphere Programme is an intergovernmental scientific program, launched in
1971 by UNESCO, that aims to establish a scientific basis for the 'improvement of
relationships between people and their environments
Aspect National Park Sanctuary Biosphere Reserve
• How are Biosphere Reserves demarcated?
For particular wild Generally, species-oriented Ecosystem-oriented (all
Habitat • Three inter-related zones: core, buffer, and transition
animal species. (e.g., citrus pitcher plant). forms of life).
• Core zone: protected and minimally disturbed area of natural value
General Size • Buffer zone: surrounds core zone, allows limited human activities that help
0.04 to 3162 sq. km. 0.61 to 7818 sq. km. Over 5670 sq. km. protect core zone
Range
• Transition zone: outermost part, zone of cooperation for sustainable use of
resources
Boundary Boundaries are not
Fixed by legislation. Fixed by legislation. How many Biosphere Reserves are there in India and the world?
Regulations sacrosanct.
• 18 Biosphere Reserves in India, covering different ecosystems and bio-geographical regions
Biotic Except the buffer zone,
Limited.
Except the buffer zone, no • 12 internationally recognised BRs by UNESCO under the Man and Biosphere Reserve
Interference no biotic interference. biotic interference. Programme
• 686 Biosphere Reserves in 122 countries globally, including 20 transboundary sites
Tourism Permissible. Permissible. Normally not permissible.
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State Name of Protected Area Uniqueness
National Parks in India Andhra Pradesh Papikonda Rich biodiversity and diverse ecosystems.
Madhya Pradesh Bandhavgarh White tiger conservation and ancient forts.
Andhra Pradesh Rajiv Gandhi (Rameswaram) Coastal ecosystem with unique flora and fauna.
Madhya Pradesh Dinosaur Fossils Fossil park with prehistoric treasures.
Protected Area (PA) has been defined in the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. Andhra Pradesh Sri Venkateswara Sacred hills hosting diverse wildlife.
Madhya Pradesh Fossil Fossil-rich area with unique geological history.
Protected Areas include national parks, sanctuaries, conservation reserves Arunachal Pradesh Mouling Home to various endangered species. Madhya Pradesh Pench Inspiration for 'The Jungle Book.'
and community reserves. Arunachal Pradesh Namdapha Largest protected area in the Eastern Himalayas. Madhya Pradesh Kanha Inspirational setting for 'The Jungle Book.'
Assam Dibru-Saikhowa Blend of grasslands, wetlands, and forests. Reintroduction site for Asiatic lions ; cheetah
India has a network of 1,014 protected areas. These include: Madhya Pradesh Kuno
Assam Dihing Patkai Critical elephant habitat and rainforest. from namibia
106 national parks
Assam Kaziranga World-famous for one-horned rhinoceros. Madhya Pradesh Madhav Historic hunting area turned wildlife sanctuary.
5,573 wildlife sanctuaries
Assam Manas UNESCO World Heritage Site with diverse fauna. Tiger reserve known for successful
115 conservation reserves Madhya Pradesh Panna
reintroduction.
220 community reserves Assam Nameri Birdwatcher's paradise with riverine habitats.
Rich biodiversity and significant tiger
18 biosphere reserves Assam Rajiv Gandhi (Orang) Unique wetland ecosystem and tiger reserve. Madhya Pradesh Sanjay
population.
31 marine protected areas Assam Raimona Recently designated national park in Bodoland. Madhya Pradesh Satpura Unique Central Indian Highland ecosystem.
As of January 2023, India's protected areas cover 173,629.52 square Bihar Valmiki Valuable Bengal florican habitat. Madhya Pradesh Van Vihar City zoo and wildlife conservation center.
kilometers, which is about 5.28% of the country's total geographical area. Chhattisgarh Guru Ghasidas Rich in biodiversity, known for wild buffalo. Maharashtra Chandoli Conservation of rare and endangered species.
Chhattisgarh Indravati (Kutru) Home to the rare hill myna and wild buffalo. Maharashtra Gugamal Dry deciduous forests and tiger habitat.
What is a National Park? Chhattisgarh Kanger Valley Limestone caves Maharashtra Nawegaon Birdwatching paradise with diverse species.
Goa Mollem Western Ghats hotspot with diverse wildlife. Pench (Jawaharlal
An area, whether within a sanctuary or not, can be notified by the state Maharashtra Unique tiger reserve with riverine landscapes.
Gujarat Blackbuck (Velavadar) Conservation of blackbuck and Indian wolf. Nehru)
government to be constituted as a National Park, by reason of its Urban national park with diverse flora and
Gujarat Gir Last refuge of the Asiatic lion. Maharashtra Sanjay Gandhi (Borivilli)
ecological, faunal, floral, geomorphological, or zoological association or fauna.
importance, needed to for the purpose of protecting & propagating or Gujarat Marine (Gulf of Kachchh) Rich marine biodiversity and coral reefs.
Maharashtra Tadoba Largest national park in Maharashtra.
developing wildlife therein or its environment. No human activity is Gujarat Vansda Tropical evergreen forests and bamboo species. Manipur Keibul-Lamjao Only floating national park in the world.
permitted inside the national park except for the ones permitted by the Haryana Kalesar Unique mix of scrubland and forest ecosystems. Manipur Shiroi Rich in biodiversity, especially avian species.
Chief Wildlife Warden of the state under the conditions given in CHAPTER Haryana Sultanpur Important bird sanctuary and wetland habitat. Meghalaya Balphakram Abode of the barking deer and red panda.
IV, WPA 1972. There are 106 existing national parks in India covering an area Himachal Pradesh Great Himalayan Alpine meadows and diverse floral wealth. UNESCO Biosphere Reserve with unique
of 44,402.95 km2. Meghalaya Nokrek Ridge
Himachal Pradesh Inderkilla Himalayan serow. orchids.
Himachal Pradesh Khirganga Alpine habitat with medicinal plant diversity. Mizoram Murlen Protected area with pristine evergreen forests.
Himachal Pradesh Pin Valley Cold desert biosphere reserve. Phawngpui (Blue
Mizoram Highest mountain peak in Mizoram.
✓ Jim Corbett National Park in Uttarakhand is oldest National Park. Himachal Pradesh Col. Sherjung Simbalbara Unique fauna and avian species. Mountain)
Jharkhand Betla Tiger reserve with mixed deciduous forests. Nagaland Intanki Rich biodiversity and important bird area.
✓ Keibul Lamjao is floating National Park located in Manipur. Odisha Bhitarkanika 2nd Largest mangrove ecosystem in India.
Karnataka Anshi Diverse flora and fauna in Western Ghats.
✓ Namdapha National Park,Arunachal Pradesh has a climate that varies Karnataka Bandipur Part of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. Odisha Simlipal
UNESCO Biosphere Reserve with diverse
ecosystems.
from tropical to subtropical, temperate, and arctic. Karnataka Bannerghatta Butterfly park and conservation center. Rajasthan Desert Largest protected area in Rajasthan.
✓ South Button Island National Park in the Andaman and Nicobar Karnataka Kudremukh Landscape with rolling hills and grasslands.
Rajasthan Keoladeo Ghana
UNESCO World Heritage Site and bird
sanctuary.
Karnataka Nagarhole (Rajiv Gandhi) Rich biodiversity and teak-dominated forests.
Islands is the smallest National Park. Rajasthan Mukundra Hills Tiger reserve in the Aravalli range.
Kerala Anamudi Shola High-altitude shola-grassland ecosystem.
✓ Marine National Park, Gulf of Kutch is the first national marine park of Rajasthan Ranthambhore Famous tiger reserve with historic ruins.
Kerala Eravikulam Endangered Nilgiri Tahr conservation. First tiger reserve in the world to relocate
India. Kerala Mathikettan Shola Unique shola forest in the Western Ghats. Rajasthan Sariska
tigers.
Kerala Pambadum Shola Protected area for endemic species.
✓ Hemis (Ladakh) – largest in India Notes : Sikkim Khangchendzonga
UNESCO World Heritage Site and biosphere
Kerala Periyar Tiger reserve with artificial lake. reserve.
Kerala Silent Valley Tropical evergreen rainforest.
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22. Tripura Gumti WLS, Rowa WLS, Trishna WLS Odisha Nalabana Bird Sanctuary
State Bird Sanctuary
Askot Musk Deer WLS, Binsar WLS, Govind Pashu Vihar WLS, Punjab Harike Lake Bird Sanctuary
23. Uttarakhand Andhra Pradesh Kolleru Bird Sanctuary
Kedarnath WLS, Sonanadi WLS
Manjira Bird Sanctuary Rajasthan Keoladeo National Park/Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary
Uttar Hastinapur WLS, Ranipur WLS, Sohagibarwa WLS, Sur Sarovar WLS, Nelapattu Bird Sanctuary
24. Desert National Park
Pradesh Chandraprabha WLS, National Chambal WLS Rollapadu Great Indian Bustard Sanctuary
Sunderbans Wildlife Sanctuary, Chintamani Kar Bird Sanctuary, Sri Lankamalleswara Wildlife Sanctuary Tamil Nadu Chitrangudi Bird Sanctuary
25. West Bengal Haliday Island WLS, Ballavpur WLS, Lothian Island WLS, Mahananda Delhi/UP Okhla Bird Sanctuary Kanjirankulam Bird Sanctuary
WLS Goa Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary
Koonthankulam Bird Sanctuary
Gujarat Naliya Grassland (Lala Bustard WLS)
Khijadiya Bird Sanctuary Point Calimere Bird Sanctuary
List of Wildlife Sanctuaries of India in UTs Kutch Bustard Sanctuary Thiruppudai-Maruthur Conservation Reserve (Bird)
Nal Sarovar Bird Sanctuary
S No. UTs Wildlife Sanctuaries Porbandar Bird Sanctuary Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary
Thol Lake Vaduvoor Lake Bird Sanctuary
Bamboo Island WLS, Barren
Haryana Bhindawas Wildlife Sanctuary
Island WLS, Chanel Island WLS, Vettangudi Bird Sanctuary
1. Andaman and Nicobar Islands Sultanpur Bird Sanctuary
Peacock Island WLS, Turtle
Himachal Ariyakulam Bird Sanctuary
Islands WLS Bandli Wildlife Sanctuary
Pradesh Sikkim Kitam Bird Sanctuary
Gulmarg WLS, Limber WLS, Kais Wildlife Sanctuary Uttar
2. Jammu & Kashmir Pong Dam Lake WLS (declared as a Bird Sanctuary in 1983) Bakhira Sanctuary
Nandini WLS Pradesh
Jharkhand Udhuwa Lake Bird Sanctuary Nawabganj Bird Sanctuary
3. Lakshadweep Pitti WLS (Bird) Karnataka Ghataprabha Bird Sanctuary
Bankapur Peacock Conservation Reserve (Bird) Sur Sarovar Bird Sanctuary
Dadra Nagar Haveli and Daman Dadra & Nagar Haveli WLS, Gudavi Bird Sanctuary Patna Bird Sanctuary
4.
and Diu Fudam WLS Kokkare Bellur Community Reserve (Bird) Saman Sanctuary
Ranganathittu Bird Sanctuary Samaspur Sanctuary
Adichanchunagiri Wildlife Sanctuary Sandi Bird Sanctuary
Kerala Kadalundi Bird Sanctuary
Uttarakhand Asan Barrage Bird Sanctuary
Kumarakom Bird Sanctuary
Mangalavanam Bird Sanctuary Jhilmil Jheel Conservation Reserve (Bird)
Chulanur Peafowl WLS
Thattekad Bird Sanctuary West Bengal Chintamoni Kar Bird Sanctuary
Madhya Pradesh Ghatigaon Bustard Sanctuary Raiganj Wildlife Sanctuary/Kulik Bird Sanctuary
Karera Bustard Sanctuary
Sailana Kharmor (Lesser Florican) Sanctuary
Sardarpur Kharmor (Lesser Florican) Sanctuary
Maharashtra Mayani Bird Sanctuary
Great Indian Bustard Sanctuary
Jaikwadi Bird Sanctuary
Jawaharlal Nehru Bustard Sanctuary
Karnala Bird Sanctuary
Naigaon Mayur WLS
Nandur Madhmeshwar Bird Sanctuary
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