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IOQM 2025: Math Problems and Proofs

The document presents a series of mathematical problems and conjectures, including finding functions defined on ordered triples of nonnegative integers, proving inequalities involving sequences of real numbers, and exploring properties of cubic polynomials. It also includes questions about the existence of certain functions and conditions for sequences of positive real numbers. Each problem requires rigorous proofs or derivations to establish the proposed statements.

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4 views2 pages

IOQM 2025: Math Problems and Proofs

The document presents a series of mathematical problems and conjectures, including finding functions defined on ordered triples of nonnegative integers, proving inequalities involving sequences of real numbers, and exploring properties of cubic polynomials. It also includes questions about the existence of certain functions and conditions for sequences of positive real numbers. Each problem requires rigorous proofs or derivations to establish the proposed statements.

Uploaded by

gauri
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

IOQM -2025

Gauri

September 2025

1. Let T denote the set of all ordered triples (p, q, r) of nonnegative integers. Find
all functions f : T → R such that



0 if pqr = 0,
1 + 1 {f (p + 1, q − 1, r) + f (p − 1, q + 1, r)

f (p, q, r) = 6


+f (p − 1, q, r + 1) + f (p + 1, q, r − 1)

+f (p, q + 1, r − 1) + f (p, q − 1, r + 1)} otherwise.

2. Let a0 , a1 , a2 , . . . be an arbitrary
√ infinite sequence of positive numbers. Show that
the inequality 1 + an > an−1 n 2 holds for infinitely many positive integers n.

3. Let x1 , x2 , . . . , xn be arbitrary real numbers. Prove the inequality


x1 x2 xn √
2 + 2 2 + ··· + 2 2
< n.
1 + x1 1 + x1 + x2 1 + x1 + · · · + xn

4. Find all functions f : R → R, satisfying


f (xy)(f (x) − f (y)) = (x − y)f (x)f (y) for all x, y.

5. Find all positive integers a1 , a2 , . . . , an such that


an−1
99
100 = aa01 + aa21 + · · · + an , where a0 = 1 and (ak+1 − 1)ak−1 ≥ a2k (ak − 1) for
k = 1, 2, . . . , n − 1.

6. Prove that for all positive real numbers a, b, c,


√ a + √ b
+ √ c
≥ 1.
a2 +8bc b2 +8ca c2 +8ab

7. Let a1 , ab , . . . be an infinite sequence of real numbers, for which there exists a real
number c with 0 ≤ ai ≤ c for all i, such that
1
|ai − aj | ≥ i+j for all i, j with i ̸= j.
Prove that c ≥ 1.

1
8. Let P be a cubic polynomial given by P (x) = ax3 + bx2 + cx + d, where a, b, c, d
are integers and a ̸= 0. Suppose that xP (x) = yP (y) for infinitely many pairs x,
y of integers with x ̸= y. Prove that the equation P (x) = 0 has an integer root.

9. (Hojoo Lee) Let n ≥ 3 be an integer. Let t1 , t2 , . . . , tn be positive real numbers


such that
 
2 1 1 1
n + 1 > (t1 + t2 + ... + tn ) + + ... + .
t1 t2 tn

Show that ti , tj , tk are side lengths of a triangle for all i, j, k with 1 ≤ i < j <
k ≤ n.

10. (Canada) Does there exist a function s : Q → {−1, 1} such that if x and y are
distinct rational numbers satisfying xy = 1 or x + y ∈ {0, 1}, then s(x)s(y) = −1?
Justify your answer.

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