I was a bottle

I PRACTICE THE 3Rs, AND YOU?

RECYCLING AND REUSING PET PLASTIC BOTTLES

SUMMARY

A. INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF SIMILAR WORKS

There is information on similar jobs found on the internet, but not

specifically regarding what is proposed in this project.

The research project on 'toilet paper holder made from

recycling of bottles, by a group of students from I.E.P. San Agustín- Saños
Boys as a basis for the project.

REASON FOR CONDUCTING THE RESEARCH

The reasons for doing this work are:

Raise awareness among the population from school age to REDUCE consumption of
PET bottles generated from daily consumption, to avoid seeing them discarded on the streets,
avenues and dumps throughout the city of Huancayo; as well as floating in canals
of irrigation, in rivers, lakes, generating problems of landscape deterioration,
air pollution from burning garbage, among others.

Teaching the advantages of recycling to save large amounts of resources

non-renewable natural resources when they are used in production processes
recycled materials.

Teaching how to REUSE generated PET bottles to create new ones.

products that can be used in daily life, according to the needs of
each person and family.

WHERE THE IDEA CAME FROM

The idea comes from the 3rd grade Responsibility children, of the Primary Level of
Engineering School, aware of the environmental problems that are perceived in the
Huancayo Province due to the excessive generation of plastic bottles that
they not only stop at the solid waste containers but also in the streets,
fields, streams, rivers, lagoons and that are carried to the oceans, and all
this is due to the lack of awareness, education, and environmental sensitivity of many
people.

In addition, written, radio, television, and internet media make

noticia sobre la contaminación ambiental a nivel provincial, nacional y mundial,
due to the improper handling of PET plastic bottles because they have a low
level of biodegradation, decomposing between 100 to 1000 years
According to the medium subjected, if they are burned, they emit toxic gases into the environment.

But the media also portray third-grade children.

Responsibility different alternatives for reuse from the plastic bottles
recycled, whether in crafts, to make vases, soap dishes, pots,
armchairs, waste bins, even boats, etc. demonstrating different
usage alternatives that motivated them to develop this project.

WHAT THE RESEARCH IS ABOUT

The research aims to teach all people from school age that
In some way, they generate plastic waste due to the various uses they can have.
to the recycled PET plastic bottles, with which it can be made
different objects to use in our daily lives. In this way it will be set
in practice the rule of the 3 Rs (Reduce, Recycle, Reuse) by reducing the
consumption of products in PET plastic bottles, recycling the generated bottles
of consumption and reusing them in new products.

IMPORTANCE

Make known in a practical way the information related to generation

and reuse of PET plastic bottles, achieving the consolidation of awareness
environmentally responsible, generating initiative for a change in attitude towards
increasing consumption of plastic bottles, which without proper handling end up in
environment, decreasing the value of landscapes and causing
environmental pollution throughout its existence in the medium it ends up.

CONCISE DESCRIPTION OF THE PROBLEM

PET plastic (Polyethylene Terephthalate) belongs to the group of materials

synthetics referred to as polyesters, patented as a polymer for manufacturing
fibers. Since then it has become so important in our lives that it has
its use has become so common and therefore its waste and uncontrolled disposal.

Its disposal into the environment constitutes a source of pollution, resulting in

due to its own chemical nature since PET is a hard material to degrade that
It can take from 100 to 1000 years due to natural processes. It is common to see them.
thrown in streets, avenues and dumps in our locality; as well as floating in
irrigation channels, in rivers, lakes, causing problems of landscape deterioration,
air pollution from burning, among others.

The problem worsens if there is no education and environmental awareness about the
importance of the rule of the 3 Rs (Reduce, Recycle, Reuse) and it is not reduced
consumption of products in PET plastic bottles, if the bottles are not recycled
generados del consumo y reutiliza los botellas.
HYPOTHESIS

If we reduce, recycle, and reuse PET plastic bottles to manufacture

daily use products, we will be educating and raising awareness to protect the environment
environment in which we live.

GENERAL OBJECTIVES

Manufacture products from recycled PET plastic bottles, to raise awareness and
teach the implementation of the 3 Rs rule.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
Educate and raise awareness about the importance of recycling PET plastic bottles.
Collect the different types of PET plastic bottles that were recycled.
Manufacture different types of products from recycled PET plastic bottles
Educate and raise awareness about recycling and the different alternatives for
reuse.

MATERIALS

Disposable PET bottles.

Scissors.
Scalpel.
Silicone in stick.
Silicone gun.
Stapler.
Staples.
Fishing net.
Ribbons, blondes of different colors.
Closures.
Buttons, accounts, little eyes, and different decorations.
Corrospum, telas, y demás que se desee para decorar los trabajos.
Procedure

Collect empty disposable bottles of different colors and sizes from

domestic origin, and what people throw in the parks.

Separate by sizes and colors.

Wash the bottles and let them dry.
Decide the use that will be given to the bottle according to its characteristics
same (size, color).

TO MAKE LAMP SHADE:

Use 750ml bottles, cut 7 cm from the base of the bottle.
Start to put the pieces together, stapling them on all four sides to form
a circle of approximately 40cm in diameter.
Attach a wire support for the bulb inside the screen.
Place the screen with the support for the bulb on a lamp.
TO MAKE A PIGGY BANK:
Use 1.50 L bottles.
Cover the bottle with corrugated foam.
Pick decorations according to your taste.
Grab the little eyes.
Use the bottle caps as feet.
Make a hole with a knife so that the coins can be inserted.

TO MAKE A JEWELRY BOX:

Use 1.50 L bottles.
Cut the bottle in half with the help of the craft knife.
Take decorations according to your taste.
Grab blondes.
Seal all around the entire bottle.
TO MAKE PENCIL HOLDERS, OBJECT HOLDERS:
Use 1.50 L bottles.
Cut the bottle in half with the help of a crafting knife.
Cover the bottle with foam rubber.
Pick decorations according to your taste.
Grab the little eyes.
Grab blondes.

TO MAKE DREAM CATCHERS

Use 750ml bottles, cut 2 cm from the base of the bottle.
Paint the bottle pieces with tempera paints.
Pass the fishing line through the middle hole, making knots so that
stay fixed.
Put in the mourning thread the colored beads that contrast with the
bottles.
Make a loop with the fishing line so that it can be hung from the ceiling.
C. RESULTS

Children have been educated and made aware of the importance of recycling.
PET plastic bottles.
Se ha logrado recolectar los diferentes tipos de botellas de plástico PET que
they were recycled.
Different types of products made from PET plastic bottles have been successfully manufactured.
recycled, using a lot of imagination and art.
Children have been educated and made aware of recycling and the different
reuse alternatives.
D. DISCUSSION

The education of children must be carried out jointly by both parents.

of family and school, with practical examples and raising awareness among children
about the importance of practicing the 3Rs and the benefits we obtain from it
a lot of creativity and art.
Children have been educated and made aware of the importance of recycling.
PET plastic bottles.

E. AGRADECIMIENTOS

To the parents of the Third Grade Responsibility who proudly

their name encourages the creativity and art of their children through
practice of the 3Rs, teaching to care for the planet and the environment.

F. CONCLUSIONS

The objectives set in the work have been achieved, achieving

primarily to raise awareness and accurately inform children about the importance of
practice the 3Rs REDUCE, RECYCLE, and REUSE, through recycling of
PET bottles (plastic), and also in an effective way to use their
creativity and art. This way we take care of the planet and respect the Environment.

G. BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES

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H. ADDENDUM

H.1 DEFINITIONS OF KEYWORDS

Waste generator: Natural or legal person who, due to their

activities generate waste, whether as a producer, importer, distributor,
merchant or user.

Plastics: They are synthetic materials resulting from polymerization of

numerous groups of atoms that repeat the same formula (monomers) are
 compounds totally or partially made up of combinations of carbon, oxygen,
hydrogen, nitrogen, and other organic and inorganic elements. Its main
a characteristic is that they are solid in their final state, but they have the peculiarity of
become liquid due to heat.

PET: It is a material with high mechanical strength, rigid, with a hard surface.
suitable for providing shine, good dimensional stability, and resistant to friction and the
wear. It is used for the production of video tapes, diskettes, bottles of
soft drinks, mineral water, oils, liquors, etc.

Recycler: Natural or legal person who carries out the economic activity of
recycling, at any of the following stages: (i) Segregated; (ii) Collection;
["Cleaning and conditioning;","Grinding;","Washing;","Drying;","and,"]
Pelletizing.

Recycling: Activity that allows to take advantage of a waste through a process of

transformation to fulfill its initial purpose or other purposes.

Solid waste: They are those substances, products, or by-products in a state

solid or semi-solid from which its generator has, or is obligated to have,
by virtue of what is established in the national regulations or the risks they cause
to health and the environment.

H.2 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK OF PLASTICS

HISTORY

The first plastic originated as a result of a competition held in 1860.

in the United States, when $10,000 was offered to anyone who produced
a substitute for ivory (whose reserves were running out) for the manufacturing of balls
of billiards. He won the John Hyatt award, who invented a type of plastic that
called celluloid.

Celluloid was made by dissolving cellulose, a carbohydrate obtained

from the plants, in a solution of camphor and ethanol. With it, they began to
to manufacture different objects such as knife handles, frames for glasses and
cinematic film. Without celluloid, the industry could not have started.
cinematographic at the end of the 19th century. Celluloid can be softened
repeatedly and reshaped by heat, so it receives the
thermoplastic qualifier.

In 1907, Leo Baekeland invented Bakelite, the first plastic classified as

thermosetting or thermoset: plastics that can be melted and molded
while they are hot, but that cannot be softened by heat and
molded again once they have set. Bakelite is insulating and
water-resistant, to acids and to moderate heat. Due to these
characteristics quickly spread to numerous household items
and general use electrical components.

The results achieved by the first plastics encouraged chemists and

the industry to look for other simple molecules that could link to
create polymers. In the 1930s, English chemists discovered that the
ethylene gas polymerized under the action of heat and pressure, forming a
thermoplastic called polyethylene (PE). In the 1950s, it appears the
polypropylene (PP).

When replacing a hydrogen atom in ethylene with a chloride atom, it

produced polyvinyl chloride (PVC), a hard and fire-resistant plastic,
especially suitable for pipes of all kinds. By adding various
additives achieve a softer material, a substitute for rubber, commonly
used for waterproof clothing, tablecloths, curtains, and toys. A plastic
similar to PVC is polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), popularly known as
Teflon is used for rollers and non-stick pans.

Another of the plastics developed in the 1930s in Germany was the

polystyrene (PS), a very transparent material commonly used for
vases, pots, and egg trays. Expanded polystyrene (EPS), a white foam and
rigid, is used basically for packaging and thermal insulation.

Also in the 1930s, the first artificial fiber, nylon, was created. Its
The discoverer was the chemist Walace Carothers, who worked for the company
Du Pont. Discovered that two chemical substances such as hexamethylenediamine and
adipic acid could form a polymer that was pumped through holes and
stretched could form threads that could be woven. Their first use was the
manufacturing of parachutes for the United States armed forces during the
World War II, rapidly spreading to the textile industry in the
manufacturing of socks and other fabrics combined with cotton or wool. To nylon
Other synthetic fibers followed, such as orlon and acrilan.

Mainly in terms of bottling and jar packaging, it

it has rapidly developed the use of polyethylene terephthalate (PET),
material that is displacing glass and PVC in the packaging market.

THE PLASTICS

Plastics are synthetic materials resulting from polymerization of

numerous groups of atoms that repeat the same formula (monomers). The
85% of the plastics currently in use are petrochemical derivatives and 15%
the remainder is made from non-petrochemical elements.

They are materials totally or partially composed of combinations of carbon.

oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and other organic and inorganic elements. Its
The main characteristic is that they are solid in their final state, but they have the
particularity of becoming liquid due to heat. Thanks to this
property, plastics are used for the manufacture of various utensils,
due to acquiring various shapes through the use of molds or templates
and the combined application of heat and pressure.

Plastics are divided into two major groups:

a. Thermosets, have the particularity of being molded by the action of heat

and the pressure, solidifying in an irreversible form.

b. Thermoplastics, simply called plastics. They are those that

they change shape due to heat and pressure, but, unlike
the previous ones do it in a reversible way. It is this characteristic that
makes plastic products recyclable.

INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF PLASTICS

According to the Plastic Industries Society (PSI) the coding

the international plastic is as follows:

Frame No. 01

International Coding of Plastics

CODE ABBREVIATIONS NAME

PET Polyethylene terephthalate

High-density polyethylene
PEAD (HDPE)
density

PVC Polyvinyl chloride

Low-density polyethylene
LDPE (Low-Density Polyethylene)
density

PP Polypropylene

PS Polystyrene

Epoxy resins
Others Phenolic resins
Amide resins
Polyurethane
 POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE (PET) CONTAINERS

Polyethylene terephthalate packaging is considered to be those that are

used for mass consumer products such as soft drinks, oils and
medicines.

General scheme for the management of PET containers

The following diagrams sequentially show the different

stages that PET plastic goes through from product manufacturing
(packaging), going through the generation of the used packaging (waste) until its
utilization (recycling).

Figure No. 01

General scheme for the management of PET containers (1)

Import
PET resin
of preforms

Companies of
Factories of Containers Drinks, food
Drinks Audience
preforms
and containers
Food medicines consumer
Medicines

Preforms

Export
Used packaging
countries of
of PET
the region
 Figure No. 02

General scheme for the management of PET containers (2)

Used packaging
of PET

Gatherers
(tricycle drivers, divers,
Municipalities

Deposits Containers
Recyclers
marketers

Ground plastic: Scrap

scrap o
Blankets
PET scale
Duvet pancake
Pillow stuffing
Punched mattress
Export (China) Chiferos
Messenger service
Local recyclers
Brooms
Paint factories

THE NATIONAL MARKET FOR PET PACKAGING

To identify the national market for PET packaging of products

mass consumption, information related to importation was sought
and export taking 1995 as the base year until June 2004.

The information presented in the following tables and graphs comes from
the tariff lines from the statistical database of imports and
export of the website of the state customs authority, responsible for
control and monitoring of foreign trade in the country.
 Table No. 01

Import and export of PET and national production of PET products

IMPORTACIÓN PET (TON) PET EXPORT (TON) PRODUCTION

NATIONAL
YEARS
PACKAGING
PREFORM RESIN TOTAL PRE-FORM WASTES TOTAL
PET (TON)

1995 5,680 5,680 625

1996 4,339 4,339 96 96 4,129

1997 5,353 5,353 905 905 5,536

1998 14,373 9,528 23,901 1,119 1,119 9,613

1999 19,749 1,004 20,753 6,118 6,118 23,428

2000 33,039 178 33,217 53 12,972 13,025 34,676

2001 38,731 165 38,896 68 19,693 19,761 47,401

2002 41,454 407 41,861 91 27,979 28,070 55,223

2003 59,240 454 59,694 392 26,883 27,275 59,105

June 04 29,948 140 30,088 1,338 11,037 12,375 18,285

Source: Customs Statistical Information - June 2004

Sectoral Statistics - INEI May 2004. National Production as of March 2004

We know that PET bottles are reused in industries for manufacturing.

new plastic materials, and during their manufacturing process, they are also used
non-renewable energy resources for their production such as fuels
fossils (oil and natural gas). But if these PET bottles are reused to
to manufacture artisanal products by any person not only for personal use,
also for an attractive business, improving manufacturing techniques.

Recycling is a simple process that can help us solve many problems

created by modern life forms. Large amounts can be saved.
non-renewable natural resources when used in production processes
recycled materials.