Basic Physics Laboratory Fluids and Thermodynamics

DETERMINATION OF YOUNG'S MODULUS

A. SPECIFIC COMPETENCE

Analyze with the help of a simulator, the stress and deformation caused by an external force.
at the end of a metal thread to determine the Young's modulus of the metal material.

B. THEORETICAL INFORMATION

A metal wire subjected to a tensile stress undergoes a deformation that consists of the
increase in length and a contraction of its section.

In this virtual experiment, we will assume that the increase in length is the effect.
dominant, especially in long and small section threads. Therefore, under these conditions
we will study the elastic behavior of metal wires, in which there is a relationship of
proportionality between the force F applied to the thread and the increase ΔL of its length or between
the effort F/S and the unit deformation ΔL/L0.

In equation (1), S is the cross-sectional area of the thread, and Y is a constant of proportionality.
The characteristic of each material that is called elastic modulus or Young's modulus.

Figure 1: representation of the unit deformation due to a Stress

= =
ó ∆ (1)

In Figure 3, adding weights to the free end of the thread causes the wire to stretch and the pulley to rotate.
an angle equal to ΔL/r'; where r' is the radius of the pulley. In Figure 2 it can be noted that the
The elongation ΔL is small and can be measured with a dial indicator that marks on a
circular sector with radius R, therefore, the lengths of the arcs are proportional to the
radios, so that

∆
= ´
(2)

LF-003/ 1 of 7
Basic Physics Laboratory Fluids and Thermodynamics

Figure 2: relationship of deformation∆ and the radius r' of the pulley

C. MATERIALS AND SCHEME

Use of PC or Laptop
Internet connection access

Figure 3: Representation of the initial state of the experimentation

LF-003/ 2 of 7
Basic Physics Laboratory Fluids and Thermodynamics

DETERMINATION OF YOUNG'S MODULUS

APELLIDOS Y NOMBRES: Ancco Sucasaire, Rhisto Kennet CUI:20212104

Silva Gutierrez, Ronnie Jose 20211770
Luna Naveros, Israel 20213015
PROFESSIONAL SCHOOL: Materials Engineering FECHA: 18/10/2021
HORARIO: Lun 12.30-2.30 pm SIGNATURE:
PROFESOR (A): Pumacallahui Pineda, Mario Luis NOTE:

D. PREVIOUS QUESTIONNAIRE
Answer the questions and present them at the beginning of the lab session for review.

1. Is there a difference between a ductile material and a brittle material? Justify your answer.

Fragile is the ability of a material to fracture with little deformation. In contrast, the
ductile or tough materials break after undergoing pronounced deformations, generally of a type
plastics.

2. How is stress and strain defined.

We can define effort as a force that acts on the unit area on which it is applied.
There are efforts of tension, bending, compression, and shear.
Regarding unit deformation, it can be said that it is defined as the change in dimension.
per unit length. The stress is usually expressed in pascals (Pa) or in psi (pounds per square inch)
square inches, abbreviated in English.

3. ¿Qué es el límite elástico? ¿Qué significa el termino tensión a la rotura?

The elastic limit is the maximum stress that an elastoplastic material can withstand without suffering
permanent deformations.
The breaking tension is defined as the maximum tension that a material can withstand under tension.
before its cross-section significantly contracts.

LF-003/ 3 of 7
Basic Physics Laboratory Fluids and Thermodynamics

E. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
1. Enter the following link:
[Link]
And with the mouse, scroll to the bottom of the page until you find Figure 3 of this document.
laboratory guide.

2. According to your Teacher, please choose:

• the material from which the bar will be made, for this use the control titled Material
material = Aluminio
• the radius of the cross section of the metal wire r = 2.5 0.1(mm)

Note: The length of the metal wire is constant, L = 100 cm; and the value of the acceleration of the
gravity used by the simulator is 9.8 m/s2.

3. Consult with your teacher about the [Link] (100 g, 250 g, 500 g), then press the button
left mouse button over the selected area and drag with the mouse to hang with the
free end of the metal thread that is over the pulley. When the button is released
left mouse button, the simulator calculates and displays the deformation of the bar; repeat the process
previous and obtain six values to complete Table 1.

Table 1: displacement of the free end of the metal thread

Reading m (Kg) ∆ ( m )
1 0.25 0.00031
2 0.50 0.00062
3 0.75 0.00093
4 1 0.00124
5 1.250 0.00155
6 1,500 0.00186

LF-003/ 4 of 7
Basic Physics Laboratory Fluids and Thermodynamics

F. DATA ANALYSIS

1. Graph the deformation (∆ of the free end of the thin thread as a function of mass (m)
and obtain the values of the slope and intercept with their respective units according to the
international system What physical meaning does the slope have?
DETERMINATION OF YOUNG'S MODULUS

The slope of the line in m/Kg is a=ΔL/m. In this case, we are seeing that by the
For a quantity of 0.25 Kg, there is a deformation of 0.00031 m in aluminum (Al).
In the physical meaning, it expresses the deformation that aluminum undergoes when it is increased.
certain amount of weight.

2. Using the value of the slope obtained from the previous graph, determine the value of
.
59.045
= =∆ 6.25 x 10^-8
= 3.0471012 / ^2
0.00031

LF-003/ 5 of 7
Basic Physics Laboratory Fluids and Thermodynamics

G. COMPARISON AND EVALUATION

4. Determine the longitudinal elasticity coefficient α of steel, defined by α = 1/ How

What does the constant α interpret?

The longitudinal elasticity coefficient of steel would be 200 GPa, α would be the coefficient of
longitudinal elasticity

5. Can characteristics and physical properties of the material be obtained from the graph?
previous?

In the graph, we can obtain a property that would be elasticity, as it is based on that.
Young's formula

H. CONCLUSIONS

• The concept of bar deflection was successfully applied to determine the modulus of
Young of a metal bar.
• The graph was a straight line with a positive slope.
• The slope is a constant for calculating the modulus.
• In the equation of Young's modulus, BJ depends on the material of the metal bar with
the one that is worked

I. FINAL QUESTIONNAIRE

1. What characteristics and physical properties are determined by the Young's modulus?

From Young's modulus, we can say that it is used to directly measure the stiffness of the material.
solid also the measure of a material's ability to resist changes in length when
it is under tension or compression along the length. It can predict how much it stretches a
sample of material under tension or shortens under compression. It is also used to predict the
deflection that will occur in a statically determined beam when a load is applied at a
point between the supports of the beam. To know the elastic behavior of a material, when exerting
a force. And also properties such as flexibility and length.

2. What is the difference between elastic and inelastic materials? Justify your answer and cite.
an example for each case.

The main difference between an elastic material and an inelastic one is that when applying forces to them
In elastic materials, they can return to their original shape; however, in inelastic materials, they cannot. This effect
it is due to the properties that elastic materials have to stretch or deform and
that the inelastic ones do not have.

• Elastics: They are those that deform in their appearance and size when subjected to
apply external forces, but upon ceasing those forces, they regain their shape
Example: elastic band.

• Inelastic: These are materials that, when external forces are applied, show...
permanent deformation. Example: a pencil.

LF-003/ 6 of 7
Basic Physics Laboratory Fluids and Thermodynamics

3. When is it said that a body is subjected to a force by tension and compression.

Justifique su respuesta y cite un ejemplo para cada caso

Torsion: A body undergoes torsional stress when there are forces that tend to
twist it. It is the case of the effort that a key suffers when turning it inside the lock.
Example: The tightening tools.

Compression: A body is under compression if the applied forces tend to

to crush or compress it. Pillars and columns are examples of elements designed to
resist compression efforts. Example: A person sitting in a chair is a load
for the chair. Due to this load, the legs endure a compressive effort.

J. ADDITIONAL BIBLIOGRAPHY

Author Title Edition Year

K. REFERENCE BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Laboratory Guides of Basic Physics, Academic Department of Physics UNSA, Year

2016.
2. Ángel Franco García, Interactive Physics Course on the Internet, 2015
[Link]

LF-003/ 7 out of 7