TECHNICAL INSTITUTE IND. COM.

PORT OF MEJILLONES TOPOGRAPHY AND GEODESY

SUBJECT: INSTRUMENTAL TECHNOLOGY THEME: ENGINEER LEVEL

ENGINEER LEVEL

1. INTRODUCTION

The engineer level team is a fundamental tool in the construction world.

topography and various fields of engineering. These devices play a crucial role in the
measurement of elevations, the creation of accurate plans and the guarantee of accuracy in projects of
infrastructure. This report aims to provide a comprehensive and detailed overview of the
engineer level equipment, exploring its history, classification, the latest available models, their
prices and associated costs, the identification of the best model, as well as its applications and uses in a
variety of industries.

2. OBJECTIVES

2.1. GENERAL OBJECTIVE

The general objective of this report is to provide a comprehensive and detailed understanding of the
engineer level equipment, covering its history, classification, available models, costs,
applications and provide recommendations based on analysis to guide professionals and enthusiasts in
the selection, use, and effective maintenance of these devices.

2.2. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

• Explore the history and evolution of engineer level teams

• Recognize the parts of the level.
• Knowing how to recognize when an instrument is in good condition to be
used in the field without having problems afterwards.
• Classify engineering level teams into specific categories based on their characteristics and
functions for better understanding and selection.
• Provide detailed information about the prices and costs associated with the level equipment.
of engineer
• Make a good reading in the aim avoiding that the error is more than what is admissible.
• Explore the various applications and uses of this equipment in a variety of industries.
highlighting its importance in engineering and construction projects.

3. HISTORY

The optical level, also known as engineer's level or leveling instrument, is a tool for
measurement used in surveying to determine the difference in height between points or for
establish a level line. Its operation is based on optics and precise leveling, and it has been
fundamental in engineering and construction throughout history.

The history of the optical level dates back several centuries, when methods began to be used.
rudimentary tools to measure the elevation of land and the height of structures. Over time, they
they have developed various types of optical levels, from basic models to the more advanced ones and

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 INDUSTRIAL TECHNICAL INSTITUTE PUERTO DE MEJILLONES TOPOGRAPHY AND GEODESY
SUBJECT: INSTRUMENTAL TECHNOLOGY THEME: ENGINEER LEVEL

precise instruments that are used today. The first optical levels were simple devices that
a manual and direct use was required, but with technological advances, features were incorporated
automated and digital to improve the accuracy and efficiency of measurements.

As topography and engineering became more specialized disciplines, the levels

optical tools became essential for the planning and execution of projects.
construction, civil engineering, and land surveying. These instruments allow for
engineers and surveyors take precise measurements of heights and level differences, which results
crucial in the design and construction of roads, buildings, bridges, dams, and other projects of
infrastructure.

Currently, optical levels have evolved with the integration of advanced technology, such as
lasers and digital measurement systems, which has improved precision and efficiency in the work of
the engineers and surveyors. The continuous innovation in the field of surveying and engineering has
the development of more sophisticated and precise equipment has facilitated the achievement of
detailed and complex measurements in a wide range of industrial and construction applications.

4. PARTS OF THE OPTICAL LEVEL

Objective: contains the lenses that magnify the focused objects.

Focus button: allows you to view objects clearly and sharply.

Ocular: located at the other end of the objective, it can be turned to focus the reticle cross.

Circular level: ensures that the instrument is at a point of true level.

Leveling screws: allow adjustments to ensure the leveling of the instrument.

Horizontal circle: marked in degrees, it is used for the adjustment and reading of horizontal angles.

Horizontal adjustment screw: it can be adjusted to move the instrument to the left.
to the right on the motherboard.

Base plate: the part through which the optical level connects to a tripod.

Compensator: it is a system of prisms suspended over fine wires that operate according to the
pendulum principle under the action of gravity or magnetism, depending on the model. The
the lengths of the wires and the positions of the suspension points are defined in such a way that
the rays of light that the prism system sends to the threads of the reticular cross are horizontal rays.
Therefore, to the extent that the prism system can rotate freely, the collimation line
it will remain horizontal, even when the telescope is not positioned exactly horizontally.

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 TECHNICAL INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL COMMERCE PUERTO DE MEJILLONES TOPOGRAPHY AND GEODESY
SUBJECT: INSTRUMENTAL TECHNOLOGY THEME: ENGINEER LEVEL

4.1. INSTRUMENT FOR WORKING WITH THE OPTICAL LEVEL

Aluminum tripod: To comfortably handle an instrument, it must be positioned in such a way that the height
the height of the eyepiece above the ground should be, more or less, 1.40 m, depending on the operator's height and for that
tripods are used, formed, as their name indicates, by three feet of a certain style or materials
lightweights that support the stand on which the instrument rests.

TRIPOD TELESCOPE MIRROR

Aluminum telescopic sight: Also called a stadia in Latin America, it is a graduated ruler that
allows through atopographic levelmeasuring differences in elevation, that is, differences in height.

5. TYPES OF OPTICAL LEVEL

5.1. STANDARD OPTICAL LEVEL

The standard optical level (also known as a builder's level) features a telescope that
It allows the surveyor or builder to take an actual measurement. It is the simplest optical level and
affordable, are currently available in hardware stores and online, and perform basic functions

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 TECHNICAL INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL COMMERCE PORT OF MEJILLONES TOPOGRAPHY AND GEODESY
SUBJECT: INSTRUMENTAL TECHNOLOGY THEME: ENGINEER LEVEL

for topography. The optical levels, which are available in various different styles, are usually the
preferred by farmers who want to measure the elevations of their farmland.

5.2. NIVEL ÓPTICO DE TRÁNSITO/NIVEL DE CONSTRUCTOR

It offers a useful function that is not available at the standard optical level. It can be placed sideways and
to be used to measure vertical angles and distances between parallel objects. It can also be used
para establecer una línea de nivel perfecta. Un nivel óptico estándar no ofrece esa característica. Esta
it is one of the many reasons why traffic level is the preferred measurement tool
by architects and construction professionals. Easily handles complex measurements
what are essential in the layout of a building, from land development to construction
final.
5.3. OPTICAL LEVEL OF THE THEODOLITE

This optical level is a modern and effective measuring device that is available to the
construction professionals in two forms: digital and non-digital.

Non-digital leveling instruments, although popular in their day, are hardly used today.
day. This is because their digital cousins are more advanced, easier to use, and much more
effective and useful for builders, the digital theodolite level has a telescope with a
internal optical zoom system that is mounted on a base and is not affected by the wind or
other weather factors. It can be used equally effectively on flat or inclined terrain.
It also has a reading screen that is used to clearly display the angles.
horizontal and vertical. The reading screen provides the digital theodolite level its main
advantage over non-digital models.

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 INDUSTRIAL TECHNICAL INSTITUTE PUERTO DE MEJILLONES TOPOGRAPHY AND GEODESY
SUBJECT: INSTRUMENTAL TECHNOLOGY TOPIC: ENGINEER LEVEL

5.4. LASER OPTICAL LEVEL

This is the most modern type of optical level available today. It is a device for
extremely versatile leveling that is used in interior and exterior construction works in
those that create layouts and require exact and precise level references. The laser levels are
they can be used for many different types of work, regardless of their size or
complexity.

Construction professionals use Laser Levels outdoors for specific applications.

as basic lifts, to check and level posts and beams in roofs, fences, and porches,
to align the masonry, etc.

Laser levels are also extremely useful for indoor projects, such as alignment and
plumbing of the walls, leveling of the floors, installation of false ceilings, the checking
from the heights of doors and windows among others.

Clearly, laser levels have become the tool of choice for builders and
architects from all over America. And there are even three types of laser levels currently available.

The laser level of Plumb or Points

Create one or more reference points on a wall or work surface that act as
reference points to facilitate construction;

Laser Level Line

Also known as Laser Line Generator, it produces a single line on a wall and is the most
suitable for smaller indoor projects

The rotary laser

It emits a level line in a rotating or circular form of 360 degrees. This model is larger than
the other types of laser levels and it must be mounted on a sturdy tripod.

It is clear that there is a wide variety of optical levels available to professionals of the
construction and architects.

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 TECHNICAL INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL PORT OF MEJILLONES TOPOGRAPHY AND GEODESY
SUBJECT: INSTRUMENTAL TECHNOLOGY THEME: ENGINEER LEVEL

Some are more suitable for large jobs, while others are ideal for projects.
little ones. The question you may be asking now is "how do they work?"

6. HOW DOES IT WORK?

6.1. PREPARE THE OPTICAL LEVEL

STEP 1: Look for a reference location near the place you want to measure.

A reference location is a place whose elevation you already know from land studies.
previous ones. To obtain the most accurate data on the topographic level, you will need to search online and
find a reference location located near the place you want to measure.

STEP 1 STEP 2

STEP 2: Place the tripod near the area you want to measure.

Place the tripod on a flat and clear area that is located between the reference point and the
point you want to measure. Then, release the locks on the tripod legs and extend each leg towards
Outside. Adjust the legs until the tripod is completely level, then close each latch.

• Almost all tripods come with a built-in bubble level. You can use it to assess
whether the tripod is level or not.
• To measure the area correctly, make sure to set up a place that is slightly more
higher than your reference location.

STEP 3: Connect your device to the tripod and place it on 2 leveling screws.

Screw the leveling instrument onto the tripod base, then connect the base plate to the main body.
of the tripod. Once the instrument is properly connected, rotate the telescope from the leveling point of
so that it remains parallel with 2 of the leveling screws of the device, If the topographic level is
It wobbles when touched, tighten the leveling screws to better secure the device.

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 TECHNICAL INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL COMMERCE OF MEJILLONES PORT TOPOGRAPHY AND GEODESY
SUBJECT: INSTRUMENTAL TECHNOLOGY THEME: ENGINEER LEVEL

STEP 3 STEP 4

STEP 4: Level the device by adjusting the 2 leveling screws.

Look for a traditional bubble level located somewhere on the device. When you find it,
Take the 2 leveling screws that are parallel to the telescope of the device and turn them in directions
opposite. Do this until the bubble settles in the exact center of the level. To obtain the
better results, turn the screws with a uniform amount of force and pressure.

STEP 5: Turn the telescope 90 degrees and adjust the third leveling screw.

After adjusting the first 2 leveling screws, rotate the telescope approximately 90 degrees.
to remain parallel to the third leveling screw of the device. Then, adjust this screw until
let the bubble settle again in the center of the level.

Ancient topographic levels often have 4 leveling screws instead of 3. If this is the
in the case of your device, adjust the second pair of screws the same way you adjusted the first pair.

STEP 5 STEP 6

STEP 6: Check the calibration of the level by turning it 180 degrees.

After making the initial leveling adjustments, return the telescope to its starting position and check.
that the bubble is still at the center of the level. If you do, rotate the telescope 180 degrees and return
to check the level. You can focus the device once the 3 positions show the bubble in the
center of the level. If the bubble is not centered in any of the 3 positions, repeat the process of
leveling until it is.

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 TECHNICAL INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL COMMERCE PUERTO DE MEJILLONES TOPOGRAPHY AND GEODESY
SUBJECT: INSTRUMENTAL TECHNOLOGY THEME: ENGINEER LEVEL

6.2. ENFORCE THE LEVEL

STEP 1: Remove the lens cap from the leveling instrument.

The lens cover protects the device's lens from dirt, grime, and unwanted debris.
To avoid damaging the instrument, leave the lens cap on until you are ready to use it.
device. If the lens is dirty, clean it with a previously dampened cloth. You can find them
in most camera stores and in several supermarket chains.

STEP 2: Adjust the eyepiece until you can see the crosshair of the device.

Place a sheet of paper or another similar object directly in front of the device's lens to
occupy the entire field of view. Then, turn the eyepiece focus knob until you can see
clearly the sight point of the topographic level. When you finish, the sight point should appear
dark, clear and easily perceptible.

STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3

STEP 3: Turn the focus knob of the device until the image is clear.

Once you can see the crosshair, aim the device's telescope at the point of
referencia. Busca un objeto grande y distinto en el área, como un árbol o una colina, luego gira la perilla
main focus of the device until the object is in focus. If you have problems with
concentrate, ask a friend or colleague to hold a stake near the reference point. This
The measuring instrument indicator will give you an object that is easy to focus on.

6.3. TAKE A MEASURE

STEP 1: Place a stake at the reference point.

If necessary, buy a level online or at a surveying equipment store. Then, ask a

friend or colleague who keeps the state at the top of your reference point. To obtain
the most accurate measurements, ask your friend to move the stadia back and forth and to
Record the lowest number you read. Most state-owned companies sink to save space, thus
make sure to expand the staging before taking any action. Use a fiberglass staging
instead of a metal version if you take measurements in an area under power lines.

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 TECHNICAL INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRY AND COMMERCE PUERTO DE MEJILLONES TOPOGRAPHY AND GEODESY
SUBJECT: INSTRUMENTAL TECHNOLOGY THEME: ENGINEER LEVEL

STEP 1 STEP 2

STEP 2: Find the height difference between the level and the reference point.

Look through the topographic level telescope and locate the state. Then, record the indicated measurement.
through the center of the device, the horizontal crosshair. This measurement is known as your reference.
Each numbered section of the scale represents 10 centimeters (4 inches). Within these sections,
each block indicates 1 centimeter (0.4 inches) and each E indicates 5 centimeters (2 inches).

STEP 3: Calculate the actual height of your level using the reference height.

Once you have the reference measurement, add it to the actual height of your reference location. This will give you
It will give the current height of the telescope from the leveling point. Record this measurement so you can use it.
to find the height of the next point.

STEP 4: Find the difference in height between your level and the unmeasured point.
Move the leveling instrument so that it is directly positioned at the location you want to measure. Use the telescope to
your device to find the state, then register the number that is the center of the device, the
focal point on which one sits. This measure is known as your forecast.

If necessary, adjust the focus knob of the eyepiece until you can see the stage. If the point is
too high or too far for you to measure, move the standard to a lower and closer place
First. Find the height of this new point, then move the stake there and restart the process.
of measurement.

STEP 3 STEP 4 STEP 5

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 TECH. IND. COM. INSTITUTE OF MEJILLONES PORT TOPOGRAPHY AND GEODESY
SUBJECT: INSTRUMENTAL TECHNOLOGY TOPIC: ENGINEER LEVEL

STEP 5: Calculate the actual height of the place using the level height.

Unlike your previous calculation, you will have to subtract the forecast measurement from the actual height of the level.
topographic. This will give you the height of the place you measured. When you record this height, make sure to
Include a complete description or a diagram of the place you measured. That way, if you return to the
area, you will be able to find the measured point easily.

7. ACCURACY

➢ Theoptical levelsthey offer greater reach through their objective. Their accuracy may vary
between 7 and 150 mm per kilometer of leveling.
➢ The stretch ofmeasurementthe minimum to use this tool usually hovers around 30 cm, while
that 35 or 36 mm diameter objectives provide a field of view very similar to that of the eye
human.
➢ It is estimated that the engineer's level has an accuracy of +20cm or -20cm for every 100m.
➢ For more demanding work, there are levels with split bubble level, wedge grid, plates.
parallel plans with micrometer and milled INVAR sights can achieve precisions
about 7 mm per kilometer.
➢ Some optical levels use units of measurement in gon or centesimal degrees.
➢ The toolstopographicthey use gon or centesimal degree as the default unit.
Each quadrant is assigned to an interval of 100 gon, which helps to recognize and calculate the
angles.
➢ For example, 90 sexagesimal degrees are equivalent to 100 gon, 180 degrees is equivalent to 200, and
respectively 360 degrees correspond to 400 gon. As the frequency of use increases of the
instrument, you will be able to recognize calculations and conversions more easily.

8. APPLICATIONS AND USE

It is a tool aimed at measuring unevenness in the ground of the work area.

between points that are at different heights or the transfer of elevations from a known point to another
unknown. The result of these measures is given in heights (levels).

Land Leveling in Construction: In construction projects, it is used to ensure that the

the land is leveled correctly before construction. This is essential to ensure that the
structures are stable and safe.

Design and Construction of Roads: In the construction of roads and highways, the leveling equipment
The engineer is used to create accurate profiles and control the road gradient.

Topography and Surveys: It is fundamental in topography to measure altitudes and establish

Geodetic references. It is used in topographic surveys to create accurate maps and plans.
of the land.

Building Construction: It is used to establish level references in buildings, such as the

placement of foundations and structures, ensuring a vertical and aligned construction.

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 TECHNICAL INSTITUTE INDUSTRY COMMERCE PUERTO DE MEJILLONES TOPOGRAPHY AND GEODESY
SUBJECT: INSTRUMENTAL TECHNOLOGY THEME: ENGINEER LEVEL

Drainage Projects: In drainage projects, the engineer's leveling equipment is used to ensure
that the water flows correctly along channels and pipes with the appropriate slopes.

Installation of Underground Pipelines: In the installation of water, sewage, and gas pipes, there
used to ensure proper slope and alignment of the pipes.

Subsidence Monitoring: In areas prone to sinking or subsidence, it is used to measure and

control the changes in terrain elevation.

Precision Agriculture: In agriculture, it is used to level fields and control the distribution of
irrigation, which increases agricultural efficiency and productivity.

Movement Control of Structures: In the monitoring of structures such as bridges and

skyscraper, the leveling equipment is used to control movement and alignment.

9. LEVELING METHODOLOGIES

LEVELING: Leveling is the process by which it is determined:

a) The existing difference between two (or more) physical facts existing with each other.

b) The relationship between one (or more) physical events and a reference plane.

The first case constitutes the most common form of leveling, several points (or planes) are compared.
between each other and determine their elevation in meters or centimeters. In the second case, we establish a new
value called 'COTA' that relates individually to each of the physical facts that are part of
from leveling with another taken as a reference, for example, sea level.

9.1. GEOMETRIC LEVELLING

Geometric leveling is a method of obtaining elevation differences between two points, which uses
horizontal visuals.

9.2. TRIGONOMETRIC LEVELING

It is the altimetric method that allows obtaining differences in elevation between points, with observations of
zenith distances of any inclination.

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 TECHNICAL INDUSTRIAL INSTITUTE PORT OF MEJILLONES TOPOGRAPHY AND GEODESY
SUBJECT: INSTRUMENTAL TECHNOLOGY THEME: ENGINEER LEVEL

9.3. ESTADIMETRIC METHOD

It is useful to determine distance with the help of the level, which is in the eyepiece by means of the following
formula:
Distance = (H.E. S − H. S. I) factor
H. E. S: upper statistical thread (m)
H. S. I: lower statistical limit (m)
Factor: Dimensionless number provided by the product, in most cases it is 100 or 200.
Distance: Distance measured from the point where the level is fixed to where it is.
statistical rule that provides the level.

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 TECH. IND. COM. INSTITUTE OF MEJILLONES PORT TOPOGRAPHY AND GEODESY
SUBJECT: INSTRUMENTAL TECHNOLOGY TOPIC: ENGINEER LEVEL

9.4. METHOD OF DETERMINING LIMITS

Being in a certain station. It is done through simple or compound leveling, to

Hello, a reference quota or benchmark must be established, which is developed as follows:

Method to determine quotas = QuotaBM + back view(+): Instrument height

CotaBM: Reference quota
back view (+): Measurement taken towards the reference BM in meters with the help of the ruler
estadiometric.

10. TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS

The technical characteristics and key specifications of an engineer's optical level may vary depending on
the manufacturer and the specific model of the instrument. However, below are some
of the common technical features that are usually found in these devices:
Optical magnification: Optical levels usually have an optical magnification that can vary from 20x to 32x.
This increase allows for a more accurate visualization of the measurements.

Precision: The precision of an optical level is a critical specification. Higher quality levels
They can have an accuracy of 1 mm for every 100 meters of leveling distance.

Field of View: The field of view refers to the width of the area visible through the telescope. A
a wider field of view facilitates the alignment of the instrument with the reference point and the point
to measure.

Focusing Distance: Indicates the minimum and maximum distance at which the optical level can focus.
correctly. This is important for working on terrains of different elevations.

Automatic Compensator: Optical levels are usually equipped with a compensator.

automatic that ensures the level is always even. This eliminates the need for adjustment
manually the instrument and improve the accuracy of the measurements.

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 Industrial Technical Institute of the Port of Mejillones TOPOGRAPHY AND GEODESY
SUBJECT: INSTRUMENTAL TECHNOLOGY THEME: ENGINEER LEVEL

Reticle or Leveling Cross: The reticle or cross in the eyepiece is an important feature that assists
to the operator to center the level on the graduated sight to measure heights accurately.

Type of Objective: Optical levels can have different types of objectives, such as objectives of
quick focus or anti-glare lenses to improve image quality.

Protection Level: Some optical levels are designed to be water and dust resistant.
that makes them suitable for use in adverse weather conditions.

Weight and Portability: The weight of the optical level may vary, and lighter models are easier to
transport and handle in the field.
Reading Precision: Indicates the smallest unit of measurement that can be read on the graduated scale, such as
millimeters or fractions of an inch.

11. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

11.1. CONCLUSIONS

The engineer-level team proves to be a versatile and essential tool in a variety of

industries, including construction, surveying, civil engineering, and precision agriculture. Their
the ability to measure elevations and slopes accurately is essential for success
numerous projects.

As technology advances, engineer levels have experienced significant improvements.

in terms of accuracy and ease of use. The latest models often include
advanced features, such as automatic compensators and digital reading systems.

To maintain the accuracy of an engineer level, it is essential to carry out periodic calibrations and
maintain the instrument properly. This ensures reliable measurements in the field.

The choice of the engineer level model should be based on the specific needs of the project.
The required accuracy, working range, and durability are key factors to consider when selecting.
a team.

[Link]

Regular Calibration: It is essential to establish a regular calibration program for the engineer level.
This will ensure accurate and reliable measurements over time.

• The calibration frequency of an optical level equipment can vary depending on several factors,
including the brand and model of the instrument, the frequency of use, and the conditions
environments in which it is used. However, in general terms, it is recommended to calibrate
an optical level at least once a year as a standard practice. This helps maintain your
precision and reliability over time.

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 TECH. IND. COMM. INSTITUTE PUERTO DE MEJILLONES TOPOGRAPHY AND GEODESY
SUBJECT: INSTRUMENTAL TECHNOLOGY THEME: ENGINEER LEVEL

• If the optical level is used very frequently, in extreme environments, or in critical projects.
in which precision is essential, you may want to consider a more thorough calibration
frequent. Some professionals choose to calibrate their levels before each project.
important before working in challenging environmental conditions, such as temperatures
extremes or exposure to humidity.
Ensure that operators are properly trained in the use of the equipment. This includes the process
of leveling and the precise reading of the graduated sight.

Regular Maintenance: Implement a preventive maintenance program to ensure that the level
be in optimal working condition at all times. This includes cleaning, verifying
components and the repair or replacement of worn parts.

12. ANNEXES
Registration form

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 TECH. IND. COM. INSTITUTE PORT OF MEJILLONES TOPOGRAPHY AND GEODESY
SUBJECT: INSTRUMENTAL TECHNOLOGY TOPIC: ENGINEER LEVEL

Leica Sprinter 150

The digital level covers almost all applications in construction, such as excavation and filling,
leveling of lines and distance measurements.

LEICA NA320

Distinctive design and proven technology as a whole, Leica Geosystems knows the construction industry and
provides levels for all needs.

LEICA NA730 PLUS

These levels reliably provide extremely precise measurement results.

Leica LS15 and LS10

The Leica LS15 and LS10 digital levels enhance the demanding leveling tasks anywhere. Their
automatic functions and their accuracy of 0.2 mm, market leader, allows users to demonstrate with
enhance their measuring skills while effectively carrying out any project.

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 INDUSTRIAL TECHNICAL INSTITUTE PORT OF MEJILLONES TOPOGRAPHY AND GEODESY
SUBJECT: INSTRUMENTAL TECHNOLOGY THEME: ENGINEER LEVEL

Content
1. INTRODUCTION 1
2. OBJECTIVES .1
2.1. OBJECTIVE GENERAL
2.2. OBJECTIVES SPECIFIC .........................................................................................................................1
3. HISTORY 1
4. PARTIES OPTICAL LEVEL .............................................................................................................................2
4.1. INSTRUMENT TO WORK WITH THE OPTICAL LEVEL.........................................................................3
5. TYPES OPTICAL LEVEL............................................................................................................3
5.1. LEVEL STANDARD OPTICALR .......................................................................................................................3
5.2. LEVEL TRANSIT OPTICAL/CONSTRUCTOR LEVEL..........................................................................4
5.3. LEVEL OPTICAL THEODOLITE ................................................................. 4
5.4. LEVEL LASER OPTIC ..............................................................................................................................5
(A) The Laser Level of Plumb or Points ................................................................................................5
(B) The laser level line..........................................................................................................................5
(C) The rotary level laser .....................................................................................................................5
6. HOW WORKS? .6
6.1. PREPARE THE OPTIC LEVELO ...................................................................................................................6
6.2. ENFORCE THE LEVEL ...............................................................................................................................8
6.3. TO TAKE A MEASURE

7. ACCURACY 10
8. APPLICATIONS Y USO
9. METHODOLOGIES OF LEVELINGN .................................................................................................................11
9.1. LEVELING GEOMETRIC
9.2. LEVELING TRIGONOMETRICA ...........................................................................................................11
9.3. METHOD ESTADIMETRIC....................................................................................................................12
9.4. METHOD DETERMINATION OF LIMITS .................................................................................................13
10. TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS .................................................................................................13
11. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
11.1. CONCLUSIONS.................................................................................................................................14
11.2. RECOMMENDATIONS
12. ANNEXES ....................................................................................................................................................15

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