MPI Optics – Assignment 4 Standard 10
Angle θº 0 2 5 7 10 12.7 16.3 20 22 24 30 37 45 53 60 65 75
sin 0 0.035 0.087 0.122 0.174 0.22 0.28 0.34 0.37 0.41 0.5 0.6 0.71 0.8 0.87 0.91 0.96
cos 1 0.999 0.996 0.992 0.985 0.97 0.96 0.94 0.93 0.91 0.87 0.8 0.71 0.6 0.5 0.42 0.26
tan 0 0.035 0.087 0.123 0.18 0.23 0.29 0.36 0.4 0.45 0.57 0.75 1 1.33 1.74 2.17 3.69
Note:- Angles 30, 45, 60. As per values in the problem, sometimes the decimal approximation or the
exact irrational number values as given below can be used.
sin 45 = cos 45 = 1 / (sqrt 2) = 0.71 = 0.7 (approximate)
cos 30 = sin 60 = (sqrt 3) / 2 = 0.87 = 0.9 (approximate)
Some values given up to 3 decimal places but in most problems enough to have 1 or 2 decimal
accuracy. Use the appropriate level as per context and data in the problem.
Take value of g = 10 m/s².
1) A concave mirror of radius of curvature 40 cm is kept with its axis horizontal. A 9 cm long wire is bent to form
a squared shaped U. The U is kept so that the mirror axis passes through the midpoint of bottom horizontal of
U and they are perpendicular to each other. The U is in the vertical plane 30 cm away from the pole. (a) Find
the perimeter of the image. (b) What will be the position of the image (c) Shape of image?
2) A point object is kept on the principle axis of a convex mirror. A plane mirror is kept in between the object
and convex mirror. Plane mirror is above the principle axis and perpendicular to it. Reflecting surfaces of both
mirrors are towards the point object. Object is 50 cm away from convex mirror. Distance between the two
mirrors is 20 cm. Image in convex mirror and image in plane mirror coincide. Find the radius of curvature of
the convex mirror.
3) A person (E --> eye of the person) is looking at a coin ( C ) kept at the bottom of a vessel. Water in the vessel
is 24 cm deep. For that person, what will be the perceived depth of water? Refractive index of water is 4/3
and that of air is 1.
24 cm
C
4) A fish is inside a lake and wants to aim a water jet towards an insect flying above the lake. The insect is 9 cm
above the water surface. The fish is almost exactly below the insect. How much away and in which direction
(below or above) the insect (below or above “the perceived position of the insect”) the fish needs to aim so
that the water jet hits the insect? Assume that fish's mouth is just at the water surface and its eyes are inside
in water. [ google it to see an interesting video – a fish called archer fish hunts its prey in this manner]
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5) A cuboid plastic slab is kept on a paper. The height of the slab is 20 cm. Letters R and S are printed on the
paper. R is outside the slab and S is below the slab. A person's eye is positioned approximately above that
slab. What height difference will the person perceive between the two letters? Which one will be above and
which one will be below? Refractive index of air is 1 and that of the plastic is 1.25.
O
20 μ1=1 for air
10 μ2=6/5 plastic
E μ3=1 for air
6) A transparent plastic slab of thickness 10 cm is kept in air as shown below. A point object O is 20 cm away as
shown. E is an eye observing O from an almost normal direction. (a) Find the distance (in cm) through which
the image (as perceived by the eye) shifts from the object. (b) Take general values of thickness of slab =t and
object distance from slab = x and instead of plastic any material with index μ. Same materia (in this case air)
is on both sides of plastic. Derive the formula for the shift of image from object. What inference do you
derive from this formula?
7) We have three differeent materials with refractive index = μ1, μ2, μ3. Rest of the set up is same as above.
Again take slab thickness = t and object is x away from slab. Derive the formula. What is the difference in
formula in above problem (6) and the formula in this problem?
8) A ray of light from air enters a liquid of refractive index (sqrt 2). The ray makes an angle of 45 ° with the
horizontal surface of the liquid. Some light gets reflected and some gets refracted. Find the angle between
the reflected ray and the refracted ray.
9) A kingfisher bird is moving downward towards a lake, almost vertically at a speed of 1 m/s. A tiny fish iin the
lake is moving vertically upwards at a rate of 10 cm/s. What will be the velocity of the fish in the frame of
reference of the bird? Refractive index of water is 4/3.
10) A tiny light is fitted in a torch. The light is symmetrically placed at the base of the torch cone of 30 ° angle. A
plastic cube has rfractive index 1.2 and quite big as compared to the diameter of the torch glass, is held with
its vertical side close to the horizontal torch. Find the angle of the beam coming out of the cube.
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Answer Key:-
1) Image perimeter = 18 cm. It will be an inverted U 60 cm away from the pole and below the axis.
2) R of convex mirror = 25 cm
3) water depth (perceived) = 18 cm
4) Answer = 3 cm below. Fish would see the insect at a certain position which is 12 cm above the water
level. So fish has to aim 3 cm below that “perceived position” so that the jet correctly hits the insect
which is actually 9 cm above the water level.
5) Letter S will appear to be 4 cm above R.
6) (a) Image observed by the eye shifts through a distance of 1.67 cm towards the slab.
(b) shift = t (1 – 1/μ) So the shift is NOT dependent on the object distance.
7) Shift = t (1 - μ3/ μ2) + x (1 - μ3 / μ1) When there are three different materials, the shift depends on
object position also. So this formula is a generic formula. If μ3 = μ1 then this formula simplifies to
the earlier problem formula where the term x is not there.
8) Angle between reflected ray and refracted ray is 105°
9) Velocity of fish in bird's FoR = 107.5 cm/s in upward direction.
10) Angle of outcoming beam = 30°
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