Chapter 7

THE LAST
CHAPTERS: RIZAL’S
LIFE AND
MARTYRDOM
-Rizal was busy revising and polishing
the manuscript of El Filibusterismo so
that it could be ready for the press.
-Rizal had begun writing it in October
1887, while pract icing medicine in
Calamba, the following year (1888), in
London; he made some changes in the
pl ot an d cor rect ed s ome chapt ers
al ready wr it t en . He wrot e more
cha pt ers in Pa r is a n d M a dr id, a n d
f in ished the manuscript in Biarritz on
March 29, 1891. It took him, therefore,
three years to write his second Novel.
Valentin Ventura- the
savior of the Fili
-When Ventura
learned of Rizal’s
pre dicame nt and
immediately sent him
the necessa funds
September 18, 1891- El
Filibusterismo came o the
press
-Rizal immediately sent on
this date two printed copies
to Hong Kong—one for Basa
and other for Sixto Lopez.
Rizal gratefully donated the
original manuscript and an
autographed
printed copy to Valentin
Ventura
September 22, 1891-four
days after the Fili came
o the press, Rizal wrote
to Blumentritt: “I am
thinking of writing a third
novel, a novel in the
modern sense of the
word, but this time
politics will not nd much
space in it, but ethics will
play the principal role.”
boarded the steamer
Melbourne in Marseilles
bound for Hong Kong -during
the voyage, Rizal began
writing the third novel in
Tagalog, which he intended
for Tagalog readers
· e un nished novel has no
title. It consists of 44 pages
(33cm x 21 cm) in Rizal’s
handwriting, still in
manuscript form, it is
prese ed in the National
Libra , Manila
- e sto of this un nished
novel begins with the
solemn burial of Prince
Tagulima. e hero of the
novel was Kamandagan, a
descendant of Lakan-Dula,
last king of Tondo.
-It is said that Rizal was
fo unate not to have
nished this novel, because
it would have caused
greater scandal and more
Spanish vengeance on him.
Makamisa- other
un nished novel of Rizal
in Tagalog written in a
light sarcastic style and is
incomplete
for only two chapters are
nished. e manuscript
consists of 20 pages,
34.2cm x 22cm.
Dapitan- another novel
which Rizal sta ed to
write but it is un nished,
written in ironic Spanish.
He wrote it during his
exile in Dapitan to depict
the town life and
customs. e manuscript
consists of 8 pages, 23cm
x 16cm.
June 26, 1892- Sunday at
12:00 noon, Rizal and his
widowed sister Lucia
(wife of late Mariano
Herbosa) arrived in
Manila
RIZAL ARRESTED AND
JAILED IN FORT
SANTIAGO

· July 6, 1892-
Wednesday, Rizal went to
Malacanang Palace to
resume his series of
inte iews with governor
general
Dapitan, a remote town in
Mindanao which was under the
missiona jurisdiction of the
Jesuits, from 1892 to 1896.

-Rizal practiced medicine,

pursued scienti c studies,
continued his a istic and litera
works, widened his knowledge of
languages, established a school
for boys, promoted developments
projects, invented a wooden
machine for making bricks, and
engaged in farming and
commerce
DAPITAN

· Rizal lived in the house of

the commandant, Captain
Carnicero
· A Don Ricardo Carnicero-
Rizal wrote a poem on
August 26, 1892, on the
occasion of the captain’s
bi hday
· September 21, 1892- the
mail boat Butuan was
approaching the town, with
the happy tidings that the
Lotte Ticket no. 9736 jointly
owned by Captain Carcinero, Dr.
Jose Rizal, and Francisco Equilior
(Spanish resident of Dipolog, a
neighboring town of Dapitan)
won the second prize of P20,000
in the government-owned
Manila Lotte .

· Rizal’s winning in the Manila

Lotte reveals an aspect of his
lighter side. He never drank hard
liquor and never smoked but he
was a lotte addict—this was his
practiced Medicine in Dapitan. He
had many patients, but most of
them were poor so that he even
gave them free medicine.
-As a physician, Rizal became
interested in local medicine and
in the use of medicinal plants. He
studied the medicinal plants of
the Philippines and their curative
values.
· August 1893- Rizal’s mother
and sister, Maria, arrived in
Dapitan and lived with him for
one year and a half. Rizal
operated on his mother’s right
·Rizal as an engineer

Rizal held the title of expe

su eyor (perito agrimensor),
which obtained from the Ateneo
-In Dapitan, Rizal applied his
knowledge of engineering by
constructing a system of water
works in order to furnish
clean water to the towns people.

· Mr. H.F. Cameron- an American

engineer who praised Rizal’s
engineering.
· Rizal as Teacher—Rizal exile to
Dapitan gives him the
oppo unity to put into practice
his educational ideas. In 1893 he
established a school which
existed until the end of his exile in
July, 1896. Rizal taught his boys
reading, writing, languages
(Spanish and English), geography,
histo , mathematics (arithmetic
and geomet ), industrial work,
nature study, morals and
gymnastics. He trained them how
to collect specimens of plants and
animals, to love work and to
Rizal as Farmer—In Dapitan,
Rizal devoted much of his
time to agriculture. Rizal
introduced modern
methods of agriculture
which he had obse ed in
Europe and America. He
encouraged the Dapitan
farmers to discard their
primitive system of tillage
and adopt the modern
agricultural methods
Rizal as
Businessman—Rizal
engaged in business in
pa nership with Ramon
Carreon, a Dapitan
merchant, he made
pro table business
ventures in shing, copra,
and hemp industries.
RIZAL AND THE
KATIPUNAN

· Andres Bonifacio- the

“Great Plebeian”, sowing
the seeds of an armed
uprising—the secret
revolutiona society,
called Katipunan, which he
founded on July 7, 1892
May 2, 1896- A secret
meeting of the Katipunan
at a little river called
Bitukang Manok near the
town of Pasig, Dr. Pio
Valenzuela was named
emissa to Dapitan, in
order to inform Rizal of
the plan of the Katipunan
to launch a revolution for
freedom’s sake.
·
June 15, 1896- Valenzuela
left Manila on board the
steamer Venus
· To camou age
Valenzuela’s real mission,
he brought with him a blind
man Raymundo Mata and a
guide,
ostensibly going to Dapitan
to solicit Rizal’s expe
medical advice.
June 21, 1896- Evening, Dr.
Pio Valenzuela arrived in
Dapitan
· Rizal objected to Bonifacio’s
audacious project to plunge
the count in bloody
revolution because he was of
sincere belief that it was
premature, for two reasons:
(1) the people are not ready for
a revolution
(2) arms and funds must rst
be collected before raising the
c of revolution
wrote to Governor General
Ramon Blanco, Despujol’s
successor, o ering his
se ices as milita doctor in
Cuba.
· July 30, 1896- Rizal
received the letter from
Governor General Blanco
dated July 1, 1896 notifying
him of acceptance of his
o er.
July 31, 1896- Rizal’s four-
year exile in Dapitan came
Josephine Bracken

-She was adopted daughter of

George Taufer from Hong Kong,
who came to Dapitan to seek
Rizal for eye treatment.

-After Rizal's death, she left

Manila right after three days
because Rizal's family didn't like
her. Josephine went to Cavite
and joined the revolution
wherein she cared for the
wounded and the sick.
-Rizal’s homecoming in 1896,
the last in his life, was his
saddest return to his beloved
native land. He knew he was
facing the supreme test, which
might mean the sacri ce of his
life, but he was unafraid.

- e trial that was held sho ly

after Rizal’s homecoming was
one of histo ’s mockeries of
justice
A MARTYR’S LAST
HOMECOMING

· October 6, 1896- Tuesday,

Rizal leaved Barcelona, Rizal
conscientiously recorded the
events on his dia .

·October 8, 1896- a friendly

o cer told Rizal that the
Madrid newspaper were full of
stories about the bloody
revolution in the Philippines
and were blaming him for it.
November 20, 1896- the
prelimina investigation on
Rizal began.

· Colonel Francisco Olive-the

judge advocate

· Two kinds of evidence were

presented against Rizal,
namely documenta and
testimonial. e documenta
evidence consisted of fteen
exhibits.
December 11, 1896 the
information of charges was
formally read to Rizal in his prison
cell, with his counsel present.

· Rizal was accused of being “the

principal organizer and the living
soul of the Filipino insurrection,
the founder of societies,
periodicals, and books dedicated
to fomenting and propagating
ideas of rebellion.”

· December 25, 1896- a dark and

cheerless Christmas for Rizal, his
last on ea h, was the saddest in
December 30, 1896

3:00am -Rizal heard

Mass, confessed his sins,
and took Holy
Communion.
December 30, 1896

5:30am -Rizal took his last

breakfast on ea h. After
this, he wrote two letters,
the rst addressed to his
family and the second to
his older brother Paciano
Josephine Bracken,
accompanied by a sister of
Rizal (Josefa), arrived.
Josephine, with tears in
her eyes, bade him
farewell. Rizal embraced
her for the last time and
before she left, Rizal gave
her a last gift—a religious
book, Imitation of Christ
by Father omas a
Kempis.
6:00am -As the soldiers
were getting ready for
the death march to
Bagumbayan, Rizal wrote
his last letter to his
beloved parents.
at Fo Santiago, a signal to begin
the death march to Bagumbayan,
the designated place for the
Execution
Rizal was dressed elegantly in
black suit, black derby hat, black
shoes, white shi and black tie.
His arms were tied behind from
elbow to elbow. But the rope was
quite loose to give his arms
freedom of movement
Dr. Felipe Ruiz Castillo- a Spanish
milita physician, asked Rizal
permission to feel his pulse and
was amazed to nd it normal
showing that Rizal was not afraid
7:03am -Rizal died in the
bloom of manhood—aged
35 years, ve months and
11 days
By Rizal’s writings,
which awakened
Filipino nationalism
and paved the way
for the Philippine
Revolution, he proved
that “pen is mightier
than the sword”
“Mabuhay Ka Dr. Jose
Rizal
ang iyong gawa at
talambuhay ay hindi
naming malilimutan sa
iyong pagsusulat ay
naimulat ang mga
Pilipino upang ipaglaban
ang ating KALAYAAN”.
-Maraming Salamat
 In the discussion of
“THE LAST
CHAPTERS: RIZAL’S
LIFE AND
MARTYRDOM”. What
topic/s did you catch
in your attention.
Explain.