National University of Singapore
Department of Mathematics
Semester 1, 2025/26 MA2001 Linear Algebra I Tutorial 11
Questions in this tutorial sheet will be discussed in the tutorial classes in Week 13
(10/11-14/11).
You are advised to revise Chapter 7 before attempting the questions.
Questions
1. For each of the following transformations, (i) determine whether there is enough
information for us to find the formula of T ; and (ii) find the formula and the
standard matrix for T if possible.
(a) T : R2 −→ R3 such that
(( )) 0 (( )) 1
1 2
T = 0 and T = 0 .
1 2
0 1
(b) T : R3 −→ R3 such that
1 1 1 1 1 0
T 0 = 1 , T 1 = 0 T 0 = 0 .
1 2 0 1 0 1
(Learning objectives: To understand that a linear transformation T from Rn is
completely determined if we know how T transforms a set of basis vectors of Rn .
See Discussion 7.1.6. )
1 0 0 1 0 0
2. Let u1 = 1, u2 = 1, u3 = 1 , and e1 = 0, e2 = 1, e3 = 0.
1 1 −1 0 0 1
(a) (i) Find the reduced row-echelon form of the following 3 × 6 matrix
( )
u1 u2 u3 e 1 e 2 e 3 .
(ii) Let S = {u1 , u2 , u3 }. You can assume that S is a basis for R3 . Write
down the coordinate vectors (e1 )S , (e2 )S , (e3 )S .
(b) Define a linear transformation T : R3 −→ R3 such that
T (x) = c1 u1 + c2 u2 for x = c1 u1 + c2 u2 + c3 u3 ∈ R3 .
1
(i) Find the standard matrix for T .
(ii) Determine the rank and nullity of T .
(iii) Explain why T (x) is the orthogonal projection of x onto V = span{u1 , u2 }.
(Learning objectives: To appreciate a linear transformation defined in a slightly
unconventional manner. To integrate with knowledge learnt previously on orthog-
onal projection. )
3. Let T : R3 −→ R2 be a linear transformation defined by
x ( ) x
2x + y
T y = for y ∈ R3 .
x−y+z
z z
(a) Find a basis for the range of T .
(b) Find a basis for the kernel of T .
(c) Use this example to verify the Dimension Theorem for Linear Transformation.
(d) Extend the basis found in Part (b) to a basis for R3 .
(Learning objectives: Recall the definition of range and kernel of a linear trans-
formation T and how it is related to the standard matrix of T .)
4. Consider the vector spaces Rm and Rn .
(a) Prove that there exists a linear transformation T : Rn −→ Rm such that
Ker(T ) = {0} if and only if m ≥ n.
(b) Prove that there exists a linear transformation T : Rn −→ Rm such that
R(T ) = Rm if and only if m ≤ n.
(Learning objectives: Many linear transformation questions can be restated in
terms of questions relating to the standard matrix of the transformation.)
5. Describe geometrically the effect of each of the following linear operators T :
R3 −→ R3 defined by T (x) = Ax.
1
2
0 0
(a) A = 0 1
3
0 .
0 0 13
1 0 0
(b) A = 0 5 4
− 3 .
5
0 53 45
T
1 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0
(c) A = 0 45 − 35 0 1 0 0 54 − 53 .
0 53 45 0 0 0.5 0 35 54
2
(Learning objectives: Familiar with the standard types of geometric transfor-
mations.)