PRINCIPLE OF
PRESTRESSED CONCRETE
MODULE
(
Prepared by: Engr. B.M. Amansec
PRINCIPLE OF PRESTRESS CONCRETE Direct Stress from Prestressing:
Prestressing force is the compressive force applied to a
concrete member through high-strength steel
tendons to counteract the tensile stresses that develop
under external loads. Since concrete is strong in
compression but weak in tension, this force minimizes
E C
N S Bending Stress from Eccentric Prestress: EC
cracking, controls deflection, and increases the strength
and serviceability of beams.
A N S
AM
(McCormac, J.C., Design of Reinforced Concrete, 2009)
M A
Definition of Pre-Tensioning .M A
. B .M
R against fixed abutments
Pre-tensioning is a method of prestressing where B
. External Loads/Beam Load:
G R
EN is cast. Once the concrete gains G
tendons are first tensioned
Bending Stress from
before the concrete
strength, the tendons are released, transferring E N
compressive stress to the concrete through bond.
• Typical Use: Precast members such as railway
E C
sleepers, hollow-core slabs, and small to medium Total Stress at Fiber:
beams.
N S
M A
A
Definition of Post-Tensioning
. M
B
Post-tensioning is a method of prestressing where
• P= prestressing force
R .
ducts are cast into the concrete, and once the concrete
• A= cross-sectional area
G
has hardened, tendons are inserted, tensioned with
• e = eccentricity of tendon
E N
hydraulic jacks, and anchored at the ends. The ducts are
then grouted to provide permanent bond and corrosion
• I= moment of inertia
• y = distance from neutral axis to extreme fiber
protection.
•
E C
M = applied bending moment
• Typical Use: Bridges, long-span beams, large • S = section modulus
N S
floor slabs, and heavy load structures.
M A
Situation 1: A prestressed concrete beam has a width of
Difference Between Pre-Tensioning and Post- A
300 mm and an overall depth 600 mm. The prestressing
Tensioning
B .M
tendons are placed at a distance “e” below the neutral
.
axis of the beam and the applied prestressing force P in
G R kN. There is 15% loss of prestresses.
E N 1.1 Determine the value of P and e when the compressive
stress in the entire cross-section is 21 MPa.
1.2 Determine the value of P and e when the compressive
stresses at top and bottom of the beam are 2MPa and 12
E C
MPa, respectively.
Application of Combined Stresses in a Prestressed
N S
A
Beam 1.3 Determine the values of P and e when the
When analyzing stresses in a prestressed beam, the AM compressive stresses at the top and bottom of the beam
are 0 MPa and 16 MPa, respectively.
B
prestressing force (P) and external loads (M) act .M
.
together. Situation 2: The section of prestressed hallow core slab is
G R shown is the figure. The slab is simple supported over a
E N span of 7.5 m and carries a superimposed dead load of
1.5 kPa and live load of 2.1 kPa. The total pressing force
is 550 kN at eccentricity of 38 mm. Assume loss of
prestress of 20% at service loads.
PRINCIPLE OF
PRESTRESSED CONCRETE
MODULE
(
Prepared by: Engr. B.M. Amansec
PRESTRESS CONCRETE DESIGN(ULTIMATE
STRENGTH OF PRESTRESSED SECTIONS)
Note:
• Same principle in designing/investigating
The properties of the section are as follows:
E C non-prestressed beams
N S The flexural strength of prestressed membersEcanCbe
Cross-sectional area = 120 x 10 mm
3 2
A N Snon-
Moment of Inertia, Ix = 312 x 10 mm AM A
calculated using the same assumptions as for
prestressed members.
M
6 4
.M A
Weight of beam = 2.30 kPa
. B .M
2.1 Determine the stressR . B
G at the bottom fiber at L/4 due to
R
EN
total load, in MPa.
N G
2.2 Determine the stress at the top fibers at midspan due E
to total load, in MPa.
2.3 What maximum uniform load (in kN/m) can the slab
E C
carry if the maximum allowable tensile stress in concrete
N
is 3.2 MPa and the maximum allowable compressive S Where:
stress is 18.5 MPa?
M A fps stress of strands at flexural failure .Unlike non-
A prestressed beams, fps will vary depending on the
. M
Situation 3: The section of a double tee (DT) prestress
amount of prestressing and not always assumed to be
. B
concrete joist is shown in the figure. The joists are simply
equal to fpe
R
supported on a span of 7.5 m and are pre-tensioned with
G
total initial force of 1100 kN from low-relaxation strands.
N
E
The joist supports a total dead load of 2.3 kPa (including
beam weight) and live load of 6.2 kPa. There is a loss of
prestress of 20% at service loads. Unit weight of concrete
E C
is 24 kN/m3.
N S
M A
A
B .M
R .
N G
E
Properties of the sections.
A = 200,000 mm2
E C
S
I x = 1.880 x 109 mm4
3.1 Calculate the stress at the top fiber of the DT at the A N
end span due to initial prestressing force only.
AM
B .M
3.2 Calculate the compressive stress at the bottom fibers
R .
of the DT at midspan due to initial prestressing force
only.
N G
3.3 Calculate the additional loadE
in kPa such that the
stress at the bottom fibers of the DT at midspan (due to
service loads and prestress force) will be zero.
PRINCIPLE OF
PRESTRESSED CONCRETE
MODULE
(
Prepared by: Engr. B.M. Amansec
MINIMUM PROPERTIES OF PRESTRESSING TENDONS Example no. 1. Calculate the nominal moment capacity
of the section shown below. Assume f’c = 35 Mpa and
Fpu=1860 MPa.
E C
S E C
AN N S
AM A
.M AM
. B .M
B
Example no. 2. Immediately after cutting the cables in
G R .
the beam shown, they have an effective prestress of
N G R
1.260 GPa. Determine the stresses at the top and bottom
E N
E
of the beam at the ends and centerline. The concrete
weighs 23.5 kN/m3. Cables are straight. E=27,800 MPa.
BONDED AND UNBONDED PRESTRESSED
fpy=0.8fpu.
E C
N S
M A
A
. M
. B
G R Example no. 3. Compute the design moment capacity of
E N the bonded T beam shown in the accompanying
illustration f’c=35 MPa, fpu=1.725GPa , fpy=0.8 fpu and
C
the initial stress in the cables is 1.100 GPa.
E
N S
M A
A
B .M
R .
G
DETERMINING THE REDUCTION FACTOR
E N
E C
N S
M A
A
B .M
R .
N G
E