Exercises

LEVEL 1
Assertion and Reason
Directions : Choose the correct option.
(a) fboth Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is correct explanation of theAssertion.
(b) If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation ofAssertion.
(c) IfAssertion is true, but the Reason is false.
(d) IfAssertion is falsebut the Reason is true.
1. Assertion: A convex mirror can never make a realimage.
Reason: For all real objects image formed by a convex miror is virtual.
2. Assertion: Focal length of a convex mirror is 20 cm. If a real object is placed at distance
20 cm from the mirror, its virtual erect and diminished image will be formed.
Reason : If a virtual object is placed at 20 cm distance, its image is formed at infinity.
3. Assertion: In case ofa concave mirror if apoint object is moving towards the mirror along
its principal axis, then its image will move away from the mirror.
Reason : In case of reflection (along the principal axis of mirror) object and image always
travel in opposite directions.
4. Assertion: Real view miror of vehicles is a convex mirror.
Reason: It never makes real image of real objects.
5. Assertion : Ifmagnification of areal object is - 2. Then, it is definitely a concave mirror.
Reason: Only concave miror can make real images of real objects.
6. Assertion: Any ray of light suffers a deviation of (180°-2i) after one reflection.
Reason: For normal incidence of light deviation is zero.
7. Assertion: Two plane mirrors kept at right angles deviate any ray of light by 180° after two
reflections.
Reason : The above condition is satisfied only for angle of incidence i = 45.,
8. Assertion: In reflection from a denser medium, any ray of light suffers a phase difference
of t.

Reason: Denser medium is that medium in which speed of wave is less.

9. Assertion: For real objects, image formed by a convex mirror always lies between pole and
focus.

Reason : When object moves from pole to infinity, its image will move from pole to focus.
10. Assertion: Light converges on a virtual object.
Reason : Virtual object is always behind a mirror.
Objective Questions
1. A plane mirror reflects a beam of light to form a real image. The incident beam should be
(a) parallel (b) convergent
(c) divergent (d) not possible
2. When an object lies at the focus of a concave mirror, then the position of the image formed and
its magnification are
(a) pole and unity (b) infinity and unity
(c) infinity and infinity (d) centre of curvature and unity
3. Two plane mirrors are inclined to each other at 90°. A ray oflight is incident on one mirror. The
ray will undergo a total deviation of
(a) 180o (b) 90°
(c) 45° (d) Data insufficient
4. A concave mirror cannot form
(a) virtual image of virtual object
(b) virtual image of real object
(c) real image of real object
(d) real image of virtual object
5. Which of the following is correct graph between uand v for a concave mirror for normal sign
convention?
V

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

6. Two plane mirrors are inclined at 70°. A ray incident on one mirror at incidence angle 0, after
reflection falls on the second mirror and is reflected from there parallel to the first mirror. The
value of0 is
(a) 50° (b) 45°
(c) 30° (d) 25°
7. The radius of curvature of a convex mirror is 60 cm. When an object is placed at A, its image is
fomedat B. Ifthe size ofima ge is halfthat ofthe object, then the distance bet ween Aand Bis
(a) 30 cm (b) 60 cm
(c) 45 cm (d) 90 cm
 Chapter 30 Reflection of Light " 59
8. A boy of height 1.5 m with his eye level at 1.4 m stands before a plane mirror of length 0.75 m
fixed on the wall. The height of the lower edge of the mirror above the floor is 0.8 m. Then,
(a) the boy will see his full im age (b) the boy can not see his hair
(c) the boy cannot see his feet (d) the boy can see neither his hair nor his feet
9. A spherical mirror forms an erect image three times the size of the object. If the distance
between the object and the image is 80 cm, the nature and the focal length of the mirror are
(a) concave, 30 cm (b) convex, 30 cm
(c) concave, 15 cm (d) convex, 15 cm
10. A con vexmirror of focal length fproduces an image (1/n)th ofthe size of the object. The distance
of the object from the mirror is
(a) nf (b) f/n
(c) (n + 1) f (d) (n -1) f
11. An object is moving towards a concave mirror of focal length 24 cm. When it is at a distance of
60 cm from the mirror, its speed is 9 cm/s. The speed of its image at that instant, is
(a) 4 cm/s towards the mirror (b) 6 cm/s towards the mirror
(c) 4 cm/s away from the mirror (d) 6 cm/s away from the mirror
12. Allthe following statements are correct except (for real objects)
(a) the magnification produced by a convex mirror is always less than one
(b) a virtual, erect and same sized image can be obtained using a plane mirror
(c) a virtual, erect, magnified image can be formed using a concave mirror
(d) a real, inverted same sized image can be formed usinga convex mirror
13. Aparticle moves perpendicul arly towards a plane mirror with a con stant speed of 4 cm/[Link]
is the speed of the image observed by an observer moving with 2 cm/s along the same direction?
Mirror is also moving with a speed of 10 cm/s in the opposite direction.
(All speeds are with respect to ground frame of reference)
(a) 4 cm/s (b) 12 cm/s (c) 14 cm/s (d) 26 cm/s

Subjective Questions
Note You can take approximations in the answers.
1. Figure shows two rays P and Qbeing reflected by a mirror and going as P and [Link] which
type of mirror is this?
P

2. A candle 4.85 cm tall is 39.2 cm to the left of a plane mirror. Where does the mirror form the
image, and what is the height of this image?
3. A plane mirror lies face up, making an angle of 15° with the horizontal. A ray of light shines
down vertically on the mirror. What is the angle of incidence? What will be the angle between
the reflected ray and the horizontal?
4. Two plane mirrors are placed parallel to each other and 40 cm apart. An object is placed 10 cm
from one mirror. What is the distance from the object to the image for each of the five images
that are closest to the object?
 5. If an object is placed between two parallel mirrors, an infinite number of images result.
Suppose that the mirors are a distance 2b apart and the object is put at the mid-point between
the mirrors. Find the distances of the images from the object.
6. Show that a ray of light reflected from a plane mirror rotates through an angle 20 when the
mirror is rotated through an angle 0 about its axis perpendicular to both the incident ray and
the normal to the surface.
7. Two plane mirrors each 1.6 m long, are facing each other. The distance between the mirrors is
20 cm. A light incident on one end of one of the mirrors at an angle of incidence of 30°. How
many times is the ray reflected before it reaches the other end?
8. Twoplane mirrors are incdined to each other at an angle 0. A ray of light is reflected first at one
mirror and then at the other. Find the total deviation of the ray.
9. Assume that a certain spherical mirror has a focal length of- 10.0 cm. Locate and describe the
image for object distances of (a) 25.0 cm (b) 10.0 cm (c) 5.0cm.
10. Aball is dropped from rest 3.0 m directly above the vertex ofa concave mirrorthat has a radius
of 1.0 m and lies in a horizontal plane.
(a) Describe the motion of ball's image in the mirror.
(b) At what time do the ball and its image coincide?
11. An object 6.0 mmisplaced 16.5 cm to the left of the vertex of aconcave spherical mirrorhaving
a radius of curvature of 22.0 cm.
(a) Draw principal ray diagram showing formation of the image.
(b) Determine the position, size, orientation, and nature (real or virtual) of the image.
12. An object 9.0 mm tall is placed 12.0 cm to the left of the vertex of a convex spherical mirror
whose radius of curvature has a magnitude of 20.0 cm.
(a) Draw a principal ray diagram showing formation of the image.
(b) Determine the position, size, orientation, and nature (real or virtual) of the image.
13. How far should an object be from a concave spherical mirror of radius 36 cm to form a real
image one-ninth its size?
14. As the position of an object in front of a concave spherical mirror of 0.25 m focal length is
varied, the position of the image varies. Plot the image distance as a function of the object
distance letting the later change from 0 to + o. Where is the image real? VWhere virtual?
15. An object is placed 42 cm, in front of a concave mirror of focal length 21 cm. Light from the
concave mirror is reflected onto a small plane mirror 21 cm in front of the concave mirror.
Where is the final image?
16. Prove that for spherical mirrors the product of the distance of the object and the image to the
principal focus is always equal to the square of the principal focal length.
17. Convex and concave mirrors have the same radii of curvature R. The distance between the
mirrors is 2R. At what point on the common optical axis of the mirrors should a point source of
light A be placed for the rays to coverage at the point A after being reflected first on the convex
and then on the concave mirror?
18. A spherical mirroris to beusedtoformona screen 5.0 m from the object an image five times the
size of the object.
(a) Describe the type of mirOr required.
(b) Where should the miror be positioned relative to the object?
 LEVEL 2
Single Correct Option
1. An insect of negligible nass is sitting on a block of mass M, tied with a spring of force constant
k. The block performs simple harmonic motion with amplitude A in front of a plane mirror as
shown. The maximum speed of insect relative to its image will be

0 60°

M
(a)
2 VM () AV3,VM (a) 2Ak
2. A plane miror is falling vertically as shown in the figure. IfS is apoint source oflight, the rate
of increase of the length AB is

Acceleration = g m/s²
Height= xm

A B

(a) directly proportional to x (b) constant but not zero

(c) inversely proportional to x (d) zero
3. A poi nt object isplacedata dista nceof 10 cmand its realimage is formed at a distance of 20cm
from a con ca ve miror. Ifthe object is moved by 0.l cm tow ar ds the mirror. The image will shift
by about
(a) 0.4 cm away from the mirror
(b) 0.4 cm towards the mirror
(c) 0.8 cm away from the mirror
(d) 0.8 cm towards the mirror
4. Two plane mirrors L and L, are parallel to each other and 3 m apart. A person standing x m
from the right mirror L, looks into this mirror and sees a series of images. The distance
between the first and second image is 4 m. Then, the value of x is

(a) 2 m (b) 1.5 m (c) 1 m (d) 2.5 m

 5. A piece of wire bent into an L shape with upright and horizontal portion of equal lengths 10 cm
each is placed with the horizontal portion along the axis of the concave mirror towards pole of
miror whose radius ofcurvature is 10 cm. Ifthe bendis 20 cm from the pole of the mirror, then
the ratio of the lengths of the images of the upright and horizontal portion of the wire is
(a) 1:2 (b) 1:3 (c) 1:1 (d) 2:1
6. A point object at 15 cm from a concave mirror of radius of curvature 20 cm is made to oscillate
along the principal axis with amplitude 2 mm. The amplitude of its image will be
(a) 2 mm (b) 4 mm
(c) 8 mm (d) None of these
7. Aray oflight falls on a plane mirror. When the mirroris turne d, about an axis atright angles to
the plane of mirror by 20° the angle between the incident ray and new reflected ray is 45°. The
angle between the incident ray and original reflected ray was therefore
(a) 35° or 50° (b) 25° or 65°
(c) 45° or 5° (d) None of these
8. Aperson ABofhei ght 170 cmisstandingin front of aplane mirror. His eyes are at A
height 164 cm. At what distance fromn Pshoul dahole be made in miror so that he
cannot see his hair?
(a) 167 cm (b) 161 cm
(c) 163 cm (d) 165 cm
B P

9. Two blocks each of masses m lie on a smooth table. They are attached to two other masses as
shown in figure. The pulleys and strings are light. An object O is kept at rest on the table. The
sides AB and CD of the two blocks are made reflecting. The acceleration of two images formed
in those two reflecting surfaces with respect to each other is

B D

(a) îg
6 12 6

10. Two plane mirors A and Bare aligned parallel to each other as shown -2\3 m
in the figure. A light ray is incident at an angle of 30° at a point just
inside one end ofA. The number of times the ray un dergoes reflections Big0
(including the first one) before it emerges out is
(a) 29 (b) 30
(c) 31 (d) 32
11. An object O is just about to strike a perfectly reflecting inclined plane of inclination 37°. Its
velocity is 5 m/s. Find the velocity of its image.

37 X

(a) 3i +4j (b) 4i +3j (c) 4.8i + 1.4j (d) 1.4i+ 4.8j
 Chapter 30 Reflection of Light " 63
12. An elevator at rest which is at 10th floor ofa building ishaving a plane mirror
fixed to its floor. Aparticle is projected with a speedv 2 m/s and at 45° with the u= V2m/s
horizontal as shown in the figure. At the very instant of projection, the cable of
the elevator breaks and the elevator starts falling freely. What will be the
separation between the particles and is image 0.5 s after the instant of Mirror

projection?
(a) 0.5 m (b) 1 m
(c) 2 m (d) 1.5 m
13. A plane mirror is moving with velocity 4Î + 4j+ 8k. Apoint object in front of the mirror moves
with a velocity 3i + 4j+ 5k. Here, k is along the normal to the plane mirror and facing towards
the object. The velocity of the image is
(a) -31 -4j + 5k (b) 31 + 4j +11k
(c) -41 +5j + 11k (d) 7i +9j + 3k
14. Point A (0, l cm) and B (12 cm, 5 cm) are the coordinates of object and image. x-axis is the
principal axis of the mirror. Then, this object image pair is
(a) due to a convex mirror of focal length 2.5 cm
(b) due to a concave mirror having its pole at (2 cm, 0)
(c) due to a concave mirror having its pole at (-2 cm, 0)
(d) Data is insufficient
15. Twoplane mirrors ABand ACare inclined at an angle 0 = 20. A ray oflight starting from point
Pisincident at point Qon the mirror AB,then at Ron mirorACand a gain on S on AB. Finally,
the ray STgoes parallel to miror AC. The angle which the ray makes with the normal at point
on mirror AB is

(a) 20° (b) 30° (c) 40° (d) 60°

16. A con vex mirror of radius ofcurvature 20 cm is shown in figure. An obj ect Oisp la ce d in front of
this mirror. Its ray diagram is shown. How many mistakes are there in the ray diagram (AB is
principal axis)

C
B
A
10 cm 20 cm

(a) 3 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) 0

More than One Correct Options
1. The image formed by a concave mirror is twice the size of the object. The focal length of the
mirror is 20 cm. The distance of the object from the mirror is/are
(a) 10cm (b) 30 cm
(c) 25 cm (d) 15 cm

2. Magnitude of focal length of aspherical mirrorisf and magnitude oflinear magmification is.
(a) If image is inverted, it is a concave mirror
(b) If image is erect, it is a convex mirror
(c) Object distance from the mirror may be 3f
(d) Object distance from the mirror may be f
3. A point object is moving towards a plane mirror as shown in figure.
Choose the correct options.
(a) Speed of image is also v
(b) Image velocity will also make an angle with mirror
(c) Relative velocity between object and image is 2u
(d) Relative velocity between object and image is 2vsin 9
4. AB is the principal axis of a spherical mirror. I is the point image corresponding to a point
object 0. Choose the correct options.

A B

(a) Mirror is lying to the right hand side of O

(b) Focus of mirror is Iying to the right hand side of O
(c) Centre of curvatureof mirror is lying to the right hand side of
(a) Centre of curvature of mirror is lying between I and O
5. A point object is placed on the principal axis of a concave mirror of focal
length 20 [Link] instant object is given a velocity v towards the axis
(event-1) or perpendicular to axis (event-2). Then, speed of image
(a) In event-1 is 2v
(b) In event-1 is 4u
30 cm
(c) In event-2 is 2u
(d) In event-2 is 4v
6. A point object is placed at equal distance 3f in front of a concave mirror, a convex mirror and a
plane mirror separately (event-1). Now, the distance is decreased to 1.5 f from all the three
mirrors (event-2). Magnitude of focal length of convex mirror and concave mirror i f. Then,
choose the correct options.
(a) Maximum distance of object in event-1from the mirror is from plane mirror
(b) Minimum distance of object in event-1 from the mirror is from convex miror
(c) Maximum distance of object in event-2 from the mirror is from concave mirror
(d) Minimum distance of object in event-2 from the mirror is from plane mirror
 Chapter 30 Reflection of Light " 65
Comprehension Based Questions
Passage : (Q. No. 1 to 4)
A plane mirror (M,) and a concave mirror (M,) of focal length 10 cm are arranged as shown in
figure. An object is kept at origin. Answer the following questions. (consider image formed by
single reflection in all cases)

20 cm
10 cm

45

1. The coordinates of image formed by plane mirror are

(a) (-20 cm, 0) (b) (10 cm, - 60 cm) (c) (10 cm, - 10 cm) (d) (10 cm, 10 cm)
2. The coordinates of image formed by concave miror are
(a) (10 cm, - 40 cm) (b) (10 cm, 60 cm) (c) (10 cm, 8 cm) (d) None of th ese
3. If concave mirror is replaced by convex mirror of same focal length, then coordinates of image
formed by M, will be
(a) (10 cm, 12 cm) (b) (10cm, 22 cm) (c) (10 cm, 8 cm) (d) None of these
4. If concave mirror is replaced by another plane mirror parallel to x-axis, then coordinates of
image formed by M, are
(a) (40 cm, 20 cm) (b) (20 cm, 40 cm) (c) - 20 cm, 20 cmn) (d) None of these
Match the Columns
1. For real objects, match the following two columns corresponding to linear magnification m
given in ColumnI.
Columnl Column II

(a) m =-2 (p) convex mirror

(b) m= (q) concave mirror
2
(C) m= + 2 (r) real image
(d) 1 (s) virtual image
m = +

2. For virtual objects, match the following two columns.

Column | Column II

(a) Plane mirror (p) only real image

(b) Convex miror () only vitual image
(c) Concave mirror (r) may be real or virtual image
 Chapter 30 Reflection of Light 67
2. A concave mirror forms the real image of a point source lying on the
optical axis at a distance of 50 cm from the mirror. The focal len gthof
the mirror is 25 cm. The mirror is cut into and its halves are drawn a 1cm
distance of 1cm apart in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis.
How will the image formedby the halves ofthe mirrorbe aran ge d?
distance of
3. Apoint source oflight Sisplaced on the major optical axis ofthe con cave mirror ata
60 cm. At what distance from the concave mirror should a flat mirror be placed for the rays to
converge again at the point Shaving been reflected from the concave mirror and then from the
flat one? Will the position of the point where the rays meet change if they are first reflected
from the flat mirror? The radius of the concave mirror is 80 cm.
4. A bal lo on is moving upwards with a speed of20 m/s. When itis at a height of 14 m from ground
in front of a plane mirror in situation as shown in figure, a boy drops himself from the balloon.
Find the time duration for which he will see the image of source Splaced symmetrically before
plane mirror during free fall.
20 m/s

5 m

2m 50 cm
S

12 m

Ground

5. Aplane mirror and a concave mirror are arranged as shown in figure and Ois a point object.
Findthe position ofimage formed by two reflections, first one takingplace at conca ve mirror.
R= 200 cm

890 cm 110 cm

6. Figure shows a torch producing a straight light beam falling ona plane mirror at an angle 60°.
The reflected beam makes a spot Pon the screen along y-axis. If at t= 0, mirror starts rotating
about the hinge A with an angular velocity o = 1° per second clockwise. Find the speed of the
spot on screen after time t= 15s.
d= 3 m

60-:
7. A thief is running away in a car with velocity of 20m/s. A police jeep is following him, which is
sighted by thief in his rear view mirror, which is a convex mirror of focal length 10 m. He
observes that the image of jeep is moving towards him with a velocity of l em/s. If the
1
magnification of mirror for the jeep at that time is Find
10
(a) the actual speed of jeep,
(b) rate at which magnification is changing.
Assume the police's jeep is on the axis of the mirror.
8. A ball swings back and forth in front of a concave mirror. The motion of the ball is described
approximately by the equation x = f cos ot, where f is the focal length of the mirror and x is
measured along the axis ofmirror. The origin is taken at the centre ofcurvature ofthe mirror.

X-axis
X=0

(a) Derive an expression for the distance from the mirror of the image of the swinging ball.
(b) Atwhat point does the ball appear to coincide with its image?
(c) What will be the lateral magnification of the image of the ball at time t =T where T' is time

period of oscillation?
9. Show that a parallel bundle of light rays parallel to the x-axis and incident on a parabolic
reflecting surface given by x= 2by", will pass through a single point called focus of the
reflecting surface. Also, find the focal length.

X
 3. Principal axis ofa mirror(AB), a point objectO and its image I are shown in Column I, match it
with Column II.

Columnl Column II

a) (p) plane mirror

A B

(b) B
(q) convex mirror

(c) (r) concave mirror

A B

(d) (s) Not possible

4. Focal length ofa concave mirror M, is-20cm and focal len gth ofa convex miror M, is + 20 cm.
Apoint object is placed at a distance Xin front ofM,or M,. Match the following two columns.
Columnl Column II

(a) X= 20, mirror is M, (p) image is at infinity

(b) X = 20, mirror is M, (q) image is real
(c) X=30, mirror is M, (r) image is virtual
(d) X=30, mirror is M, (s) image is magnified

5. Focal length of a concave mirror is -20 cm. Match the object distance given in Column II
corresponding to magnification (only magnitude) given is Column I.
Column I Column Il

(a) 2 (p) 10 cm
(b) 1/2 (g) 30 cm
(c) 1 (r) 20cm
(d) 1/4 (s) None of these

Subjective Questions
1. A point source of light S is placed at a distance 10 cm in front of the
centre of a mirror of width 20 cm suspended vertically on a wall. An 20 cm
insect walks with a speed 10cms in front of the miror along a line
parallel to the mirror at a distance 20 cm from it as shown in figure. Find 10 cm,
the maximum time during which the insect can see the image of the
source S in the mirror. 20 cm
 Exercises
LEVEL1
Assertion and Reason
1. (d) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (a or b) 6. (c) 7. (c) 8. (b) 9. (a,b) 10. (b)

Objective Questions
1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (a) 5. (b) 6. (a) 7. (c) 8. (c) 9. (a) 10. (d)
11. (c) 12. (d) 13. (d)

Subjective Questions
1, Plane mirror

2. 39.2 cm to the right of mirror, 4.85 cm

3. 15°, 60°
4. 20 cm, 60 cm, 80 cm, 100 cm, 140 cm
5. The images are at 2nb from the object withn as integer.
7. 14
8. 360°- 20

9. (a) - 16.7 cm, real (b) o (c) + 10.0 cm, virtual

10. (a) A real image moves from -0.6 mto- o, then a virtual image moves from + o to 0.
(b) 0.639 s and 0.782 s.
11. (b) 33.0 cm to the left of vertex 1.20 cm tall, inverted, real
12. (b) 5.46 cm to the right of vertex, 4.09 mm tall, erect, virtual
13. 180 cm

Vm)
0.5
14. 0.25

I0.25 0.5
+u(m)

Image is virtual when object distance is from O to 0.25 m

15. 21 cm in front of plane mirror
V3+1
17. At a distance |R from convex mirror
2

18. (a) A concave mirror with radius of curvature 2.08 m (b) 1.25 m from the object
LEVEL2
Single Correct Option
1. (c) 2. (d) 3. (a) 4. (c) 5. (c) 6. (c) 7. (d) 8. (a) 9. (c) 10. (c)
11. (c) 12. (b) 13. (b) 14. (b) 15. (b) 16. (b)

More than One Correct Options

1. (a,b) 2. (a,b,c,d) 3. (a,b,d) 4. (a,b,d) 5. (b,c) 6. (a,b,c)
Comprehension Based Questions
1.(c) 2.(d) 3.(d) 4.(d)
Match the Columns
1. (a)’ q,r (b) ’ q,r (c) ’ q,s (d) ’ p,S
2. (a)p (b) ’ r (c) ’p
3. (a) ’r (b) ’ r (c) ’p (d) ’r
4. (a)’ p,s (b) ’ r (c) ’ q.s (d) ’r
5. (a) ’p.q (b) ’ s (c) ’ s (d) ’s

Subjective Questions
1. 6s 2. At a distance of 50 cm from mirror and 2 cm from each other
3. 90 cm, Yes 4. 1.7 s 5. 100 cm vertically belowA 6.m/s
2+ cos ot
7. (a) 21 m/s (b) 10-8/s 8. (a) Distance = 1+ cos ot
f (b) At x = 0 (c) m= o

9. f 8h